Monthly Archives: May 2016

A hopeful spirit–to build

After a visit to the archives by the third-graders with whom he works as archivist for the Gilman School, Steve Ammidown wrote

“No matter the content of our collections, we have the opportunity to inspire the next generation by talking about what we have and what we do. It’s a long game to be sure, but I see the impression I’m making in the eyes (and the many questions) of the students I work with. They will remember archives and archivists. And that’s all I can ask for.”

His post in the “One Year in the Life” series at the Society of American Archivists SNAP Roundtable’s blog included a photo of him showing students an artifact in his archives collection.    The purpose of the class visit was to get the boys to think about what they might donate to the archives.

Steve AmmidownSteve observed that he had a perfect item on hand, football cleats recently donated to the school archives by a former student who had played in a milestone game.    Luckily, a teacher’s photo captured the moment.

Steve did not see the expressions on the student’s faces until the teacher later shared the photo.  He called it the perfect archivist moment.    “Sure, boys are natural hams when a camera comes out, but this was mostly genuine excitement. ”

As I read his post, I thought back to a Tweet that Steve shared last May about third graders being smart and able to “get archives.”  Connecting with others is a big part of doing archives right.   As Steve showed, we rely on our understanding of others to customize our advocacy efforts.   And understanding others requires listening.

Tweet by Steve Ammidown, May 2015

I see many different threads in my Twitter feed.   Tweets reflecting conference presentations, workplace matters, archival processing, library life, records management issues, educational opportunities offered by professional association accounts, pitches from people marketing products (including organizations and professional associations).

The questions, debates, advice, and marketing pitches reflect how those Tweeting view themselves and others and the work they do.  Some scripted and on point.  Some tumultuous, even chaotic.  The tweets that catch my eye are the ones that come from the heart.

I don’t know Steve in person, only online.   I’ve been listening to him and many other archivists, librarians, informational professionals, and historians on Twitter for years.   I look to Twitter for many things, including inspiration.

My Social Media connections remind me that we’re connected in so many ways yet also separate, disparate.  Together alone, alone together.

But many of the people I follow on Twitter–from Kate Theimer, the archival leader who first taught me about the online Social World, to Maureen Callahan, Jarrett Drake, Rebecca Goldman, Meredith Evans, Sam Winn, Bergis Jules, Ashley Stevens, and so many others–use the platform effectively.  To ask questions, share knowledge, give others a boost, advocate.  And as Steve wrote in “I want the whole story,” to look for ways to make the archives and library profession better.

A year ago, I featured Steve in a post, “At the heart (archives).”   The work we do as archivists and librarians takes place within the educational system, the academy, in corporate settings, within the government, in communities.  For many of us, the happiest moments involve sharing knowledge.  Part of that happiness comes from knowing that preserving and making knowledge available isn’t always easy.  And seeing others work on overcoming those challenges.

We know that in archives and libraries, much of the labor is not visible outside our places of work.  AOTUS David S. Ferriero wrote at his blog last week about the tremendous work done by front line and back room workers within the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  David, whom I know and admire, shared his appreciation of the National Archives’ staff in a post about the agency’s annual awards ceremony.

“. . . for me every week of the year is Public Service Recognition Week because I am so proud of the work that you all do across our agency in service to the American people.  Whether you are redacting pages from a service record in St. Louis, or refiling an IRS return in Lenexa, or helping someone navigate the FOIA process, or connecting someone with their family history, or ensuring that our staff and users are safe, or restoring a deteriorating film, or ensuring the a First Lady’s correspondence is accounted for, or educating a school group about how our government works, or safeguarding NARA holdings from leaks, condensation, and frost problems, or doing any one of the hundreds of tasks the comprise the work of the National Archives—thank you for your passion and commitment to our mission.”

Employees in Washington and NARA locations throughout the United States  contribute to what Ferriero calls “the true gift of the work we do.”  In the Archivist’s office in the National Archives building, David keeps a small bag filled with limestone rocks from the Lenexa Federal Records Center.   For him, it is “a constant reminder of a great staff doing great work for the American public.”

NARA 061515 AOTUS office, rocks from Lenexa FRC

That public is diverse.  The people whom NARA’s staff serve include genealogists, military veterans, their family members, and other citizens seeking information from the government, journalists, documentary film makers, academic researchers, students, teachers, professional historians and history buffs.

 Constitution Day family activities at NARA 091715 1797989_10153788186230422_1959521655_n

In my last post, I commended one such film maker, Ken Burns, for his thoughtful comments about historical complexity and diverse perspectives at the Vietnam War Summit.  Burns also offered insightful perspectives on history and biography and narrative in his Jefferson Lecture on May 9, 2016 in Washington.  His remarks focused on and highlighted life’s complexities.

Mark Updegrove, Lynn Novick, Ken Burns, Vietnam War Summit Conference, 042716

In his Jefferson Lecture, Burns shared a story of his shame that as a child he turned away from a hug and kiss from an African American housekeeper (of whom he wrote, “I loved Mrs. Jennings’) during his mother’s final illness.  Guilt at his action, and his father’s words (“Young man, I am so disappointed in you”) have stayed with him.

That Burns focuses on why people act as they do shows in his documentaries.  He spoke in his lecture about competing stylistic approaches to history, finding that they augment rather than replace prior approaches in historiography.

“Each new ‘school of thought’ suggested that there was only one true lens through which that past was to be seen and refracted.  They all came up short, of course, like the blind describing only one part of the elephant.

I’m pleased to say that some sanity has been restored in recent years, and we have begun to re-embrace an energized, inclusive narrative that’s able, lo and behold, to sometimes encompass all of those other perspectives. Nevertheless, many of us are still seduced by George Santayana’s famous saying that ‘we are condemned to repeat what we don’t remember.’  It’s a wonderful quote, wonderful quote, poetic even, but it’s just not true, I don’t think. Mark Twain is supposed to have said, ‘History doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes.’  If he actually did say it—we’re not sure that he did—one of our greatest writers definitely got it right. I have been trying to hear those rhymes and verses, trying to sing our song, for almost forty years.”

Seeing the work of thoughtful researchers such as Burns is part of the archives transcendence I often blog about.  But his remarks also remind us of the divisions around us.  Burns said that

“We know deep down that we are mortal, that none of us get out of this alive. So to keep that wolf from our cabin door, human beings, we human beings, seek always to find some frame to understand things, to overlay some order on that randomness of events, to find some meaning in it all precisely because of our inevitable mortality. But Ecclesiastes–“there is nothing new under the sun”–may be all that we need to understand, to help us tell and organize our stories. That truth might appear fatalistic or pessimistic, even discouraging—that we’ve made no progress—but it also means that we can often divine in history, and I believe particularly in biography, the way human beings are. Sometimes that human nature is reassuring and inspirational. Sometimes it is unsettling. But it is always useful—and it echoes in our daily life, today; ghosts, haunting ghosts, who may turn out in the end to be our greatest teachers.

Even though so many of us are genuinely sustained by our history and its myriad heroic examples, we also find ourselves today beset by discontinuity and disagreement. We are dialectically preoccupied—red state/blue state, rich/poor, male/female, young/old, black/white, gay/straight, North/South, East/West.  We are determined to see things in the simple binary terms that our computer culture revels in, forgetting in the process the complexity that rules our true understanding of family, friendship, faith, and, I would submit, the history of our beloved, complicated country.”

Some stakeholders view our interpretations of our archives and library work much as we do, others very differently.  Some people with whom we hope to partner match up well with us, others less so.   Even within our archives community, we agree on some issues, disagree on others.

Yet there’s a quality that President Barack Obama pointed to in his Public Service Recognition Week proclamation that describes many who work in the archives field.  Not just at NARA, or in Fedland.  But outside it, too.  David (pictured recently in his office) quoted the President’s words at his blog.  The phrase that caught my eye?  “Hopeful spirit.”

That’s what keeps me going, and I think many others, as well.  I see it in their actions.  I’ve mostly worked with adults during my career.  But as Steve has, I’ve drawn on artifacts to explain archives to children on annual “Bring your children to work” days.

David Ferriero, Lenexa FRC shirt NARA 051116 Ashley Stevens, SAA Poster Session, DC, 081414

Steve Ammidown, Gilman School, May 2015Maarja, archives artifacts, museum room

Book signing, 47 Days, Mitch Yockelson, Darlene McClurkin, Bruce Bustard, NARA, A1 032216 2

President Obama’s words recognize the contributions of many people with whom I’ve worked, respect, admire.

“Serving the public is not just a paycheck—it’s contributing to the steady effort to perfect our Union over time so our democracy works for everyone.  This week, let us embrace the hopeful spirit that embodies the extraordinary work of our civil servants.  It is the same spirit that built America, and because of the hard work of compassionate and determined public servants, it will continue to build us up for generations to come.”

Steve Ammidown describes the work of archivists as a long game.  He’s right.  We can’t be sure of the impact that we will have on those with whom we work.  On school tours.  In the research room.  In exhibits we curate.   With the voices and records we seek to preserve.  Through materials we digitize and share online.

Records of Rights exhibit, NARA 2014

As we work through many challenges, Ken Burns’s words remind us of why our work matters.  And of the value of being open to change, to listening, to trying to include more voices.

“Memory is imperfect.  But its inherent instability allows our past, which we usually see as fixed, to remain as it actually is: malleable, changing not just as new information emerges, but as our own interests, emotions and inclinations change. I believe that history—particularly a complex and nuanced view of it—can be a table around which all of us can have a civil discourse and try to evoke those ‘better angels of our nature.’  My own life’s work—proudly, whole heartedly in the humanities–has in a sense been an attempt to try to summon them.”

I’m proud of those I know in person and online who strive to help new information emerge.  Whose life work is sharing knowledge.  In academic libraries, in corporate archives, in government archives–in person and online.  With all who sit down at the physical or virtual research “table.”  To learn from the “haunting ghosts, who may turn out in the end to be our greatest teacher.”

Locking, unlocking content

Contraband.  During the Civil War, in addition to its other meanings,  contraband meant certain formerly enslaved people behind Union lines who had escaped or been freed from captivity.

Along with men who served in the U.S. military during the Civil War and later, some 3,800 civilians are buried in Section 27 of Arlington National Cemetery.  Among them are “contrabands.”

Arlington Cemetery April 2016 Arlington Cemetery, April 2016

I walked through Section 27 of Arlington Cemetery this past week.  I once lived a few blocks away from its Marshall Drive entrance and sometimes come back to visit my old neighborhood.   Among the American military veterans buried in Section 27 are U.S. Colored Troops.

Arlington Cemetery Section 27, 043016

Some of the headstones for the graves of U.S. Colored Troops date back to the 19th century, such as that of T. H. Chrinefield.  Others have been replaced by new ones, as that of Civil War Medal of Honor recipient James H. Harris.

Grave, Arlington, USCT Harris Medal of Honor U.S. Colored Troops

Last year, I wrote about the cemetery in the context of President Barack Obama’s speech at a Citizenship Ceremony at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) on December 15.   The President spoke of ideals and values and what we have done well as a nation and what we have not.   Of enslaved people (“they built this nation”).  And immigrants (my parents are naturalized U.S. citizens).  And how we can learn from history and try to do better.

President Obama speaking at NARA, Bill of Rights Naturalization Ceremony, 121515

I’ve been thinking a lot about history during recent walks.  And about words and how we use them.  And about narratives and records and listening and learning.  I wasn’t able to attend but listened to the live streams this past week of several panels and events at the Vietnam War Summit at the NARA Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library in Austin, Texas.  (You’ll find C-SPAN3’s May-June broadcast schedule of the conference videos here.)

To lock an episode in a documentary series means determining that you’ve finished preparing its content, film maker Ken Burns explained during a thoughtful panel at the Vietnam War Summit on Wednesday.  (Vietnam veteran AOTUS David S. Ferriero introduced the panel in Austin.)  Burns described the documentary series he has been making about the Vietnam War.  He said he and the team have “unlocked” nearly every “locked” episode so new content could be added.

Burns and co-director Lynn Novick shared a vision for the Vietnam war series that looks at complex issues from multiple perspectives in an effort to encourage “courageous conversations.”   They said they themselves are not scholars–but that they reach out to experts, participants, and others with insights on difficult subjects.

Burns said they listen and learn and re-think and revise.  A wise approach for us historians, archivists, librarians, and information professionals, as well.

In a recent feature in The Guardian on Mary Beard, Zoe Williams wrote of the classics scholar that she believes, “The role of the academic is to make everything less simple.’”  I agree.  Yet I love Twitter, which limits us to 140 character bursts in conversation.  Are those conversations all simple?  No.  Some of them provide insights into very complex issues.  This can be direct or indirect.

During 2013-2014,  some of us on Twitter chatted about why we had held on to our old Listserv subscription as long as we had.   The yearning for a central town square was a part of it for me and it turned out for a few others, as well.

The SAA Archives & Archivists Listserv fit the bill to some extent years ago but the square emptied over time.   A&A never substituted for the place I sought–a meeting place for archivists, librarians, records managers and end users (historians and researchers).  But it once had enough people who crossed or were knowledgeable about diverse roles and functions to make for interesting conversations.

That changed in the last decade or so.  With multiple platforms for engagement, rather than only Listservs, many of the people who once might have walked into a single “town square” started to mingle elsewhere in intersecting circles.   I’m one myself.  I like the constantly moving, occasionally intersecting, circles on Twitter.  It now is my platform of choice.

But whether you go to the square or the circles, there are gaps.  Except when I have lunch with friends in Washington, I rarely hear about records management’s impact on history.  I especially notice the absence of the records management perspective online in conversations about the Freedom of Information Act, the chilling effect, the impact of risk mitigation on institutional memory and knowledge, and #ArchivesSoWhite.  There is little discussion of the complex elements that affect these areas.

Within the government, technological change affects how we handle our obligations under the Freedom of Information Act (which I saw on display in March) and the Federal Records Act. Much has changed since the passage of those statutes in 1966 and 1950.

Gary Stern, Maarja Krusten, NARA Sunshine Week, 031416

Sunshine panel, NARA, 031416

The impact of the computer on creators and users of records is significant but rarely discussed holistically in outside forums.  (Ferriero’s team at NARA, to its great credit, has crafted new policies that take many highly complex elements into account.)  Most of the attention among the people I follow outside NARA is on the technologically challenging issues at the end rather than the beginning of the records life cycle.

When archivists on Twitter discuss inclusion, neutrality, silences, privacy, confidentiality, they usually look at vocabularies, accessioned records or materials in special collections.   Unless they work as archivists with records management responsibilities, they may not consider the impact of those very same elements at the beginning of the records life cycle.  Including on the operational records of a university or corporation.

There no longer is a visible records management presence on A&A, as Brad Houston, Bill Cron, and educators such as Richard Pearce-Moses who once offered useful perspectives and shared practical workplace advice no longer participate.   I felt the loss of RM perspectives on A&A for several years but came to accept it recently as I saw solutions emerge in Washington, instead.

The absence is mirrored by the lack of historian and archival perspective on RECMGMT-L.  That’s separate from ritualistic putdowns of archivists as a profession, already a part of RECMGMT-L when I tried it out for a year.  This was in 2005, when I sought to understand what I foresaw:  the later widespread failure of RMs to get busy executives to manually declare the status of electronic records to replicate the paper filing their assistants once did.

While I fill in some knowledge gaps on A&A, my participation, too, has decreased.  I increasingly focus on change and management. These are areas better suited for blogs and Twitter.  I follow many hashtag conference Tweets in real time or as Storified.

Random Tweets can lead to blog posts, such as Brad Houston’s 2013 essay, “Archives/RM ethics, co-opting, and digital fireplaces.”  Brad and I initially chatted on Twitter about an article describing the destruction of records at the end of the British Empire after World War II.   I appreciate his willingness to blog those issues, which rarely get the attention they deserve.

I recently re-read Brad’s blog post in the context of some of the social justice issues discussed at recent conferences, including at #RadTech, #DPLAfest, and #RUDigitalBlackness.  Brad explained,

“The topic of this post has been percolating around my brain for a while, but it’s really been brought to a head by a few recent things. First was an article in the UK’s Independent newspaper about discovery of a systematic program of document destruction as Britain ended its rule in its former colonies in the 50s and 60s. Second, there was an article from Mark Greene in the latest issue of American Archivist discussing the responsibility (or lack thereof) of the archival community to pursue social justice in the practice of the profession.  . . . I have to admit, though, that the real impetus to writing this post was a twitter conversation with Maarja Krusten that I had earlier this week.”

Brad pulled together these threads as he discussed “breakdown” points in records management, the first and easiest being training and awareness of obligations.  He then turned to one of the biggest challenges:

“The second breakdown point is more insidious, and that is the point where the interest of the records manager differs from the interest of the archivist. A lot of records management positions reside in or adjacent to their organization’s legal departments, particularly in private companies, because a lot of what the records manager does is mitigate risk. In this formulation of the profession, the records manager is looking to identify classes of documents that might cause harm to the organization, and to be aware of any laws that might pertain to retention of those documents. The idea, then, is to prescribe retention periods that have employees holding on to potentially damaging records for as small a time period as possible, then destroying them as soon as practical.”

As I’ve noted, permanent retention of truly historical information about labor, racial, diversity issues can be problematic in universities, corporations, even in government.   I didn’t take Brad’s comment as records managers starting from a point of using “potential damage to employer image” as a criteria in working out retention periods.

Rather, Brad identified an element in the larger operational and cultural environment that can (but does not always) affect records retention.  I later discussed that in my blog post, “Truth Bomb.”

Jarrett M. Drake's article about police records, Katrina

I commend Jarrett M. Drake for writing about problems with destruction and falsification of some police records in New Orleans.  He is one of the few archivists (Brad Houston is another) who looks at records throughout the life cycle.

In the past, I’ve used at my blog a photo of Jarrett with Bergis Jules at a Diversity Forum at the Society of American Archivists (SAA) conference in 2015.  That photo now is outdated.  I respect the work that Jarrett, Bergis, and others now are doing in educating their fellow archivists about moving beyond such efforts to more meaningful actions.

I also appreciate the good work that people such as Helen Wong Smith are doing with SAA on cultural competency.  But there are limitations in the conversations about diversity and inclusion.  One is how professional associations should react to charges from privileged, white men (or women) that holding an unpopular opinion on policy or social justice issues within a liberal-leaning professional forum results in conservatives’ sense of intimidation.

This is hard to resolve given incomplete or missing evidence and difficulties in separating out simple personality conflicts.  I say associations rather than individuals because I don’t recommend individual off-forum fights; they can be unfair to all and counter-productive.

What we can do as privileged professionals is learn about the long term impact of horrific historical repression and its current real effects.   Speakers at the recent Midwest Archivists Conference offered advice on how to be an ally.

MAC 2016 Session 103 slide

If you are privileged, I don’t recommend appropriating the framing of oppression for yourself in space that includes truly disadvantaged members.   This sometimes is visible in professional space; on Facebook and other Social Media platforms; and on news site comment boxes where people of various political persuasions gather.

As I explained in my last post, the implementation of Codes of Conduct can bring unintended results, such as the privileged painting themselves as victims.   Suggesting study of history helps, but not always.  You can encourage but not compel people to unlock the episodes of their lives and careers and to add newly learned context and perspectives.  And you don’t know past and present influences in their lives.

One of the sessions of this past week’s Vietnam War Summit dealt with “Lessons Learned.”  Former Nebraska Senator and Governor and Vietnam Medal of Honor recipient Bob Kerry observed of the 1960s, “Voters do not like to be told that their ideological conclusions are based on the sands of ignorance.”

Willam McRaven, University of Texas System Chancellor and former Commander of United States Special Operations Command talked during the same panel about openness to learning.  In his view, you’re most motivated to learn when there are lives at stake.  He meant that in the sense of commanders and war.  That’s where lessons really matter.

Yet there are lives at stake in a broader sense, too.  Don’t we owe them lifting our eyes from our own shoelaces to look at the lives of others?  And to listen and learn from their experiences?  To seek to understand what has shaped their lives and the lives of those who came before?  And to try to do better?