Monthly Archives: January 2014

#archives transcendence

“A truly great library contains something in it to offend everyone.”  But it turns out that conversations about records, archives, and institutional change can be challenging.  Among the participants there are so many different values, experiences, needs (stated and unstated), and at times (I’m reflecting my Fedland career in Washington), hidden agendas.

As I sat with some people in Fedland recently, I tried to explain the pull of the archival mission.  As others have done (@archivesnext), I pointed to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and the transcendent sense of serving a higher purpose.   Of what it means to work with the content of materials that record history in various forms.  Evidence, data, information which can lead to knowledge.  I drew on my acculturation, which comes from my employment by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

As with librarianship, that the archival profession centers on preserving and sharing knowledge can make the sense of purpose seem transcendent.    You’re vested in what is inside what sits on the shelf:  in books, in records center and manuscript and electronic boxes.

Knowledge, information.  You want first to get it on the shelf, then off the shelf–to make it available.  You know you may face some adversity but the sense of purpose keeps you going.  Well, that, and maybe a hope of winning the The Lemony Snicket Prize for Noble Librarians Faced With Adversity.  Yes, the American Library Association, has made that happen!  Perhaps because I work in Washington, which can be grim at times, I smiled at the sense of whimsy in the creation of the award.

A sense of purpose comes through in many ways, including the tones with which people talk about their work.   Or why they want to become an archivist or librarian rather than a records manager or information technologist.  And there is so much going on, if you listen out for who isn’t speaking and why.  Or what they can’t articulate but signal in other ways.

So much depends on whether we give others the space, the sense of safety or just plain quiet, to talk to us.  That depends on whether we want to listen, really listen.  Or feel a need to control a narrative by grabbing the microphone and yapping about “me” as a person and representative of a profession or of an organizational function.

Sometimes, standing in the wings and listening to the voices of “the other” is better. As a librarian tweeted about #libtechgender, there are times when one group’s storytelling silences others.   I’ve seen that happen in the virtual world and IRL.  In Fedland.  Including at NARA.  Even now.   And I’ve inadvertently done it to others!  That someone’s storytelling leads others to stop talking doesn’t mean they aren’t listening, noticing your words.  And everything said to an external audience has the potential to be heard by an internal audience, as well.

I’ve seen some  tone deafness over the last couple of weeks.  On Listservs.  In Fedland.  At NARA.   What made me go “whoa” about NARA  involves issues for which the causes and solutions seem so complicated, I’m just quarantining them for now.   I’ve done that a time or two at Nixonara.

Then as now, the reasons for hitting the pause button on an issue don’t involve the Big Dude, aka AOTUS David S. Ferriero, whom I know and in whom I have great trust.   (Truly a good guy.)   I’ve even taken brief blogging breaks from time to time to step back and think through what I’m hearing or seeing from NARA.  I did that two years ago in “DSL Line back, I’m not.”  Although I didn’t spell it out, what I observed in February 2012 was an important clue in an evolving situation I came to understand better a year later in February 2013.

The Listserv issues, yeah, I can share some thoughts on those.  Or start to do so. The topics and underlying issues deserve more than one post so this one just sets the scene.

I’ll start by talking about who spoke up and who didn’t.   Thresholds matter.  Always.

In reading a thread on employment and labor issues on Archives & Archivists Listserv, I listened out for words from peers but didn’t hear them.  “I hadn’t thought about that.”  “What solutions do you think might work?”   The seeming lack of empathy and respect for students in libraries and information science and new professionals saddened me.   There were some thoughtful observations.  But much of the thread played out as “here’s how it worked for me” and “why did you or didn’t you this or that.”

Several people I enjoy chatting with on Twitter tweeted their reactions to the thread on A&A.  Peter K.,  a List administrator for Recmgmt-L who also subscribes to the Archives & Archivists Listserv, gave his take on the List.   He posted a message saying,

“well from Twitter they see the listserv as a ‘bullying’ environment. How are they going to survive in the real world?.  that said if you don’t like the direction something is taken then engage it, challenge it, but don’t sit back and complain.”

Maarja Star Fleet Captain 1992Brad H. and I bantered about the posting on Twitter (Star Trek!  The Borg!  Assimilation!)   But that masked my questions, of course.  “‘They’ see?” I asked myself.  Why not “some?” I tweeted to Brad the pic of me in the captain’s chair in a Smithsonian display in 1992.  But my point wasn’t about control and command, it was the opposite.  Why not acknowledge that there was diversity of opinion in the Twitter discussion of the Listserv?  Truth be told, it was a jump the shark moment for me in the discussion of archival employment and labor issues.

The discussion on Archives & Archivists included Peter K. pointing to records management as an alternative to becoming an archivist or librarian.    It is, indeed.  And you can make a good living that way.  But you may find yourself further away from the archival sense of purpose than you anticipated.

Whether the academic discipline of history is understood or if knowledge or intellectualism are valued–don’t take for granted that they will be!–depends on the culture of a records manager’s organization.   As in all employment situations, but especially ones involving records, you also may face difficult ethical quandaries and integrity tests.  Things can go well.  Or they can go very badly.

Some of us expressed regret on Twitter yesterday that A&A had not worked out as a “community square.”  Several of us talked on Wednesday about why we hung on as subscribers as long as we did.  And why we turned eventually to Social Media instead.  I appreciate that Twitter was a safe space for some of us to say that we weren’t all comfortable with the hashtag #thatdarnlist.   Hold that thought, I’ll circle back to it.

I first saw the Charters of Freedom when I was in elementary school in Washington, DC.  For many of us (I was a total history nerd!), the wide eyed joy in discovering as kids the connection between history and records and books never went away.   It lives on in us.   So, too, the sense of fun and whimsy!   The 279 event photos that the National Archives uploaded to Flickr this week show children at a recent NARA Sleepover learning about history and talking to famed authors Brad Meltzer and Cokie  Roberts and AOTUS David S. Ferriero.

David Ferriero and young visitor to NARA sleepover 012514 12182672754_01b1d90e5b_c

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The appreciation for history starts in many of us as children.  As we grow up, for some of us it evolves in to a desire to serve others by preserving and sharing the materials that record history.

Some of the children who came to the Sleepover last weekend may grow up to be archivists or historians.  Some may even be employees of the National Archives one day.  Others may help preserve and share knowledge as successors to the Citizen Archivists who now work in the NARA research rooms, describing, transcribing, and scanning records.    The photos show the research team of historian Jonathan Webb Deiss, who is pictured with archives professional Anne Musella and me at a reception at NARA in 2012.

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Jon Deiss, Anne Musella, Maarja Krusten NARA A1 reception 110812 MCGOW1_121108_029 l rsSome children who came to the Rotunda Sleepover may follow in the footsteps of many other researchers who study records online or at the National Archives.  Perhaps they even may find “research rapture,” as the Big Dude  eloquently described it in a post at his AOTUS blog last year.

David also has written beautifully in “Celebrating Passion and Accomplishment” about a related subject:  what motivates the employees of the National Archives.   The passage Ferriero quoted from The Goldfinch conveys the transcendence many of us feel during our archival careers so very well:

“And I add my own love to the history of people who have loved beautiful things, and looked out for them, and pulled them from the fire, and sought them when they were lost, and tried to preserve them and save them while passing them along literally from hand to hand, singing out brilliantly from the wreck of time to the next generation of lovers, and the next.”

AFGE Council 260 officials pointed to a similar vibe when they wrote in a letter to Ferriero last fall, “NARA’s employees believe that they are part of something bigger than themselves, and view their labor, at times tedious and repetitive, to be part of the foundation of our democracy.”

The same could be said of many Citizen Archivists, I believe.

Serving a higher purpose  is what unites those who work inside the National Archives to “make access happen” and the citizens who help us.

Citizen engagement and civic literacy depend on the dedicated work that NARA employees do in records appraisal, retention scheduling, accessioning, processing, equity holder coordination, disclosure review in Fedland.

And we Feds depend on citizens to study the records and write history books.  To help us scan and transcribe records.  To share and add value to the holdings which we work so hard to bring in to NARA and make available.

Feelings, emotion, intellect, reason.   All are in the mix.  And to sort through some of the impasses I saw on the Web this past week, on Listservs, in Social Media, and at and within NARA, shouldn’t we create safe spaces where we can acknowledge that?

Learning outside class

In December 2011, I introduced my former boss at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to the Archivist of the United States.  I told David Ferriero, “Fred Graboske was my supervisor for ten years.”  Graboske said to Ferriero, “It was a challenge to supervise Maarja at times.”  David nodded and said, “I can well imagine.”  I burst out laughing and said, “You agreed with Fred!  And did so immediately.”  It was a fun, light hearted moment, one of many I’ve enjoyed since then at NARA.

Transformation at the National Archives is a work in progress, one I support strongly.  As for many archives and libraries, a stated goal of what I call the New NARA is to increase engagement.    Continual learning–on display.

I don’t yet use Social Media to put in reference requests or to conduct official business because it requires NARA to display responsiveness or non-responsiveness in public in real time.  That’s not necessarily bad in terms of customer service.   But I don’t want staff to be asked to drop what they are doing for other researchers in order to handle a request I or someone else made out in the open.  

Because I’ve worked both sides of reference, I don’t believe they should do that simply because someone made a request in public and less-wired customers did not.    Until I find out more about prioritization, I’d rather take my place in the queue among all researchers, most of whom do not personally know anyone at NARA.  And who vary in age and how they communicate.  Special treatment was a longtime internal flashpoint within the agency going back to when I was a NARA employee.  

Receiving requests for help out in the open (blogs, Twitter) is a new issue.   NARA has not yet explained publicly how it handles prioritization of reference requests.   Many members of the public still use traditional, non-public means to ask for help.    Whether the response occurs “on stage” in front of a wide audience or “in the wings” should not be a factor in who is served first.   It’s not the tool a researcher uses, or who he or she is, or where someone works, but what anyone needs from NARA that matters.

I do occasionally tweet to the NARA account.  When @USNatArchives recently tweeted an invitation to the public to provide input on agency records declassification priorities, it twice used the hashtag #OGIS.  But that is the Office of Government Information Services, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Ombud office within the National Archives.   

Because NARA also linked in its tweet about the Public Interest Declassification Board to the wrong website (Department of Health and Human Services), I tweeted a response.  I advised @USNatArchives:  Correct your link and your hashtag. Declass is handled by #NDC, not #OGIS.  I wanted the NARA National Declassification Center to get credit.

Declass has a challenging and important mission, which includes equity holder coordination in national security classified records disclosure review.   But would I have tweeted a correction, if my late sister, Eva, hadn’t spent her career in the National Archives working on records declassification?  I don’t know!

The predecessor to the NDC, the Declassification and Initial Processing Division, was the NARA unit in which Eva was a supervisory archivist and a team leader.   The photos of me and of Eva show a party in Declass in 1990, one of many to which I was invited by my twin and friends.  This past week, at the Society for History in the Government dinner, I saw JoAnne Williamson, one of Eva’s first bosses in Declass, for the first time in over 20 years.    I talked to her about how the agency has changed and how I support current efforts to transform its culture.

Maarja at NARA summer 1990 Eva Declass party summer 1990

I learned a lot from hanging out with friends in Declass.   Much more than I’ve ever learned in class in Fedland!   Reading fiction and non-fiction broadly, rather than just focusing on management books, provides you a good foundation.  I believe reading really is what expands borders and allows you to contextualize what you see.  It provides the framework for what else you do, if your assigned tasks involve reaching people.  A lifetime of reading helps make observation, talking, and above all listening easier as you work through management issues.

There was wit, and humor, and kidding around as well as smart debate and hard work in Declass as I got to know its officials and staff in the 1980s and 1990s. Things even got a little hot at times, as can happen in a large division with people who had diverse personalities and temperaments.   I even got in there and mixed it up from time to time.  That turned out to be a good thing.

There clearly were some rising stars in Declass but the best ones did not act as if they saw themselves that way.  In the mid-1990s, I got to know some of them (Neil Carmichael, Joe Scanlon, Jay Bosanko) when they were archives technicians and new archivists.  And not just by cooking dinner for them!

The pictures are from a Christmas party in December 1995 at my house.  I don’t remember everything that we talked about over dinner.  Or later over coffee.

I do remember talking about some people and management issues with Jay, who probably was a GS-7 in 1995.   (Jay Bosanko now is Chief Operating Officer at NARA.)  I came in to NARA as a GS-6 archives-technician in 1976.   It was a very different time period in so many ways!  The budgetary picture has changed, as have work processes and the tools archivists use to engage with each other and the public.

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Maarja, with Jay, Joe 121795 my house cr

When Archives II opened, two Declass units merged.  Due to space limitations, some employees had worked until 1994 at 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, others at the records center in Suitland, Maryland.    Eva had worked at the downtown location.  She found the addition of bright, sometimes brash, young employees refreshing.   Another supervisor took some time before getting to understand and then to appreciate their vibe, too.

I learned a lot from listening to Eva talk about early process improvement efforts at NARA.  It was hard for me to sort through what she told me because I knew I was hearing it from her perspective primarily.  She was the veteran, the younger archivists were the newcomers.  

Officials who are vested in the development of an existing product or process can be resistant to hearing suggestions for change or how to make it better.   On the other side, for newcomers, there can be a knee jerk rejection of old ways and a desire to throw out everything and replace it with what you yourself have suggested.

Empathy, the ability to see where the other is coming from, humility, even a little detachment (although that is hard to achieve), can help.    Hard to get there and stay there in the heat of the moment, sometimes!   Live and  learn.   And you’re never done learning!  Never.

When friends such as Neil and Joe and Jay tossed around jokes (I’ll always remember “Estonia is a speed bump on the map of Europe”), I laughed and zinged them back.   The range of humor was interesting.   Sometimes you have to get in there and mix it up!  And it just kept going as I got to know more of the Declass employees (Chuck Hughes, A.J. Daverede, Don McIlwain, and others). The picture of Neil and Joe with me at Archives II dates to 2012.   The photo of me with Jay at Archives II is from 2011.

Neil, Maarja, Joe, at A2,112812

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There definitely are times when you have to stay in the heat of the kitchen.   Seasoning can be a long process!  I was older than they are.  But I learned a great deal from talking to Neil, Joe, Jay and other NARA employees over the years.  And from being zinged and zinging back.  Yes, I still laugh at some of the themes. And I remember telling some of Eva’s colleagues and former subordinates in the 1990s, “You know, you guys are going to be supervisors and managers one day!” I was right!

Jay, A. J., Joe, Chuck ca.1998

When David Ferriero named Jay to be Executive for Agency Services in March 2011, I thought of AOTUS, “Hmm.  The Big Dude might turn out to be an okay guy.”  Which Ferriero has–and then some!  When I got to know David and shared this picture from Eva’s album, I asked him of Jay, “Tell me, how did the one holding up a glass to his face when my sister took the picture become a member of your Senior Executive Service?  Oh, wait.  That’s exactly why he made SES.  Good move, Big Dude!” Ferriero’s reaction?  He laughed.  Well played.

How would my sister view NARA now, if she still were alive and working there?   How would I view it, if she had never worked there and I had only my own past experiences as a NARA archivist and as a historian to draw on?  What if I didn’t know the many people I know at NARA?  What if I mostly knew NARA from its online presence?  I’ve been thinking about that since writing about Maureen Callahan’s 2010 post about the re-design of the agency’s external web page.

We’ve moved way beyond the point where you can just push product as if you were writing glorified press releases.  There’s a lot to be said for letting go of the vetting process that leads to sterile, risk averse public output in Fedland.   

Much more so than in the past, when you use Social Media as a Federal official, you’re repping not just the assigned message from your boss and your agency or department but also a vibe and a culture.  Self awareness and the innate ability to understand how you are coming across, to appreciate metamessaging and messaging as you speak and write, are much more important than in the past.   And it’s not just awareness of self that is important in representing an agency head, but also understanding those you’re trying to reach.

Many NARA employees are Introverts.  You see how we are wired by our hobbies and how we relate to books.  A friend shared an image from GeekyBookSnob recently which lists “10 reasons why Introverts and books are BFFs.” Among the reasons is “Books don’t need an immediate response from you.  It’s perfectly fine with a book if you put it down, walk away and think about things for a while.”

Also, “Books totally get the fact that you process the world around you inwardly — books themselves require you to go inwards in order to enjoy them to the fullest.”

And finally, “Books will always go at the pace you are most comfortable with. They are in no rush.”

We learn so much outside the classroom and at our own pace.   I’ve been lucky in knowing so many good people at NARA.  Because when I see it is when I really do get it–and buy in to it.  And if I don’t see it, I don’t.  And I’m not the only one at NARA for whom it works that way!

Documenting successes and failures

When I launched my blog in December 2010, one of the first people to welcome me was @archivesnext.   Kate may have seen me struggle through the issues of whether or not to blog and to tweet in 2009-2010 on the Archives & Archives Listserv to which I then subscribed.  (She diplomatically referred in her blog post to my “long and thoughtful” messages on the List, ha.)   I’ve come to love Twitter.  But I’ve embraced blogging because my natural style is long form writing.

Perhaps because it comes up in Google searches, I still get referrals even now to Nixonara via the generous post that Kate put up at Archivenext.  I greatly appreciated her welcome in “She did it!  A new blog to watch, Maarja’s Nixonara.”   I respect Kate and admire her independent, forward thinking.  

Maarja at AHA, 010314It was a great pleasure for me to meet Kate last month at the American Historical Association (AHA) when I came to hear her speak.  I was at the end of a long Christmas vacation and parachuted in to Washington from my home in the suburbs just to hear Kate speak on the AHA panel (she’s at right, below).

A respected history professor suggested we historians not stick to wearing black and blue at SAA.  So of course I wore black and I sprayed some blue in my hair!  I can be a bit of rebel despite 40 years in federal service.

Kate Theimer AHA panel 010314

I’m waiting on some information about a tweet I saw about a more recent presentation Kate gave in Toronto.  “Love @archivesnext ref to top of Maslow’s hierarchy, self-trancendence, the need to contribute to a cause greater than us #archivesummit.”  So stay tuned, more on the AHA preso (text here), at least, and perhaps on Toronto, as well.

The reference to Maslow’s Hierarchy intrigues me.  I referred in my blog post about “Love and empathy in leading change” to how archivists see themselves as serving others.   I explained in my post why understanding those you are trying to reach in change initiatives is critically important.  

I came late to blogging, at my own pace and in my own way.  At times, as I tried to figure out what to do, I felt like a real oddball in the archival and historical community, not home anywhere.  My professional experiences have been different and even singular, or so it has felt to me at times.  How relatable are they to anyone else, I wondered before I started my blog?

Kate was one of many people who was an inspiration to me as I worked through my issues in 2009-2010.  Another was Maureen Callahan, who wrote at Patriarchive about “Why I also don’t post to Archives & Archivists.”   When I started blogging, I cited as another inspiration @Meau’s group blog, You Ought to Be Ashamed, which looks at labor and employment issues, among others.   

Susan Cain, author of Quietwrote in January 2012 about groups, collaboration and independence in the New York Times.  She observed,

“People in groups tend to sit back and let others do the work; they instinctively mimic others’ opinions and lose sight of their own; and, often succumb to peer pressure. The Emory University neuroscientist Gregory Berns found that when we take a stance different from the group’s, we activate the amygdala, a small organ in the brain associated with the fear of rejection. Professor Berns calls this ‘the pain of independence.’”

My thinking on groups and collaboration has evolved.  So, too, my thoughts on “fear of rejection.”

Two years ago, I wrote here in “Comfort zones and independence” that

“If you step back, you see a lot of conservatism in the way people act.  It explains the ease with which they fall into groupthink.   And it helps me understand why, in looking at the archival blogosphere and Twitterverse, so much seems static rather than dynamic to me right now.   I’m not seeing a lot of forward momentum in how people discuss history, archives, records.   A lot of people sitting down on the landing to open the boxes of tools that arrive almost by the minute, rather than continuing to climb up the stairs to reach the larger objectives.

Effective leaders understand that you have to keep pushing to move beyond your comfort zones.  Even to look for opportunities to be humbled.   I’ve seen effective leaders discuss and model that behavior and I agree that it is critically important.   But in the broader world, many formal and informal rewards systems don’t reward that.  People sense that and act accordingly.  It’s human nature to want to be rewarded.  But it can lead to conservatism or groupthink.”

The social world can feel as if its framework was designed by people who think in terms of high school.  By that I mean groups consisting of dominant Alphas (the controlling Queen Bees that educator Rosalind Wiseman describes in her books about school social hierachies) and Betas (the Queen Bee wannabes).

Voting things up or down (as on Ideascale), clicking Like or Favorite on Facebook or Twitter, can seem geared towards picking up “cool kid” points.   I Like and Favorite myself, but sometimes wonder if I should be “strategic” in how I do it.  And then think, nah, why should I?

Ideascale can be problematic.  Not everything can be said out in the open.  More important than any one tool is a bigger message.  That there is no single way to provide feedback.  That it’s not only about demonstrating use of tools or racking up numbers.   That there is no single way to communicate and all forms are welcome.  I love how Ashley Stevens, an archives professional in the National Archives’ Philadelphia office, expressed that last year.    I pointed to her wise words when I wrote about social media use in Fedland last year in “Speak out in the open.”

I tried writing about Ideascale’s limitations in 2012.  I stopped when I concluded that there may have been cases where its use was mandatory, perhaps even imposed, not discretionary for use only where truly appropriate.

The value of some ideas is not always immediately apparent.  Or a group may have other reasons for not ranking them highly.  No, I’m not just thinking of bandwagon effects.  Or feeling it is not safe to express authentic views because you’ve been scolded by the PTB.

Consider if visionary leaders’ ideas were put to a vote on IdeaScale!  Take Steve Jobs as an example.  Some of his ideas might never have made it in to production, if a large group of industry peers would have had a chance to vote on them.

And sometimes, the choices offered don’t meet everyone’s needs.

I just re-read “NARA Snooze and EXTREME EPISTEMOLOGY,” Maureen’s July 2010 post about voting on a redesign of the website for my former employer, the National Archives and Records Administration.  She called it as she saw it!

I didn’t know AOTUS David Ferriero yet in July 2010, was focused on other issues, and didn’t say much on the website there or elsewhere.  Web re-design just wasn’t a big focus for me.  Re-reading her post now, I believe what Maureen wrote fits the aspirational latitude the best NARA officials seek in feedback.  Well, at least from outside (and I would hope the best ones look for inside, too.)

Encouraging people to “be social” is complicated.  Not everyone sees themselves in high school, or later, as retaining top status or moving from Beta (or Omega!) towards a feeling of affiliation with, if not becoming, Alpha.

Gammas (which I am) look for different signs of what constitutes safe social space, such as the handling of challenges and questions.  I’ve often pointed to AOTUS blog, where comments can take a very different turn than what the Big Dude, as I call David Ferriero, writes about in a post.  I occasionally comment there and often share views about the agency he heads, NARA, here at my blog.

I’m comfortable linking at AOTUS blog to my own posts about subjects some say are third rail.  And then explaining here why I feel safe doing so.  (And yes, Kate Theimer figured in my post about “Safety and Shelter,” too.)  And even writing that David (whom I’ve come to know in person) seems sui generis in his capacity and asking,”Would a young Ferriero succeed at NARA now?”

Independence need not be painful.  If you don’t see enough latitude in a forum, you can “be the change.”  If you have the freedom to do so, you can nudge a group to try to expand the borders.   Sometimes you pick up on high discomfort with that.  Sure, it happens–a group’s members can have complicated unacknowledged needs and dynamics.  After you try and come to understand a community’s standards,  you can stay and keep trying or leave it and look for another.

If nothing else, you still have some control over how you interact with others.   Try to be yourself as much as you can.  And look out for signs that others are trying to be themselves, too.  Encourage them when they question themselves.  That’s not to say you can’t offer advice if you see someone going off track.  This is tricky.  It requires the existence of trust zones.  You can’t just parachute in to someone else’s reality.  (I’ve made the mistake of doing that sometimes, as with a group in 2005.  I’ve tried to remember that lesson although I sometimes forget it!)

First steps matter.  I recently reconnected on Twitter with a childhood friend, Linda V. Troost.  She’s pictured with me and my twin sister in the 1970s at my home.  Linda recently found me on Twitter, which is wonderful.  We hadn’t talked IRL since, oh, probably the late 1980s, when she and her husband, Sayre Greenfield, visited Washington.

Linda is the co-editor with Sayre Greenfield of Jane Austen in Hollywood.  A great book which I really enjoyed reading!  I Googled her and found a page describing her accomplishments, including being Chair of the Department of English at Washington & Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.  So wow to see a childhood friend do so well!

Linda Troost, Maarja, Eva 1970s c  Koala!

In January, Linda started a blog, Jane Austen in the Machine.  She recently wrote a fascinating post about crowd-source correction of Eighteenth Century texts using TypeWright software.

Linda’s first blog post stated,

“This blog will document my adventures, successes, and failures in the digital humanities as I learn how to do things with the novels of Jane Austen.”

Perfect.

Because whether we admit it or not, that’s what we all are doing.  Documenting adventures, successes and failures as we learn.

Freedom and control in archivesland

Music today, Mendelssohn Trio in D Minor, Second Movement.

Andante Con Moto Tranquillo.  

The music is beautiful.  However, the film clip is old (1953) and reflects some sensibilities of a time gone by.

Government bureaucracies have deeply ingrained cultures bolstered by perceptions of rewarded behaviors.   Federal agencies such as the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) share with private sector organizations challenges in effecting needed change.   But they also operate in an environment in which there are challenges unique to Fedland.  

Because of the environment in which outcomes in “engagement” are reported, federal agencies face pressure they’ve never faced before.    This makes them vulnerable to “grab and brag.”

A Transformation vision at NARA which I have viewed “con moto tranquillo” since the Big Dude, aka AOTUS David S. Ferriero, reached out to me, has played well in some parts of the agency but not in others.   That does not surprise me despite the aspirational beauty of the Charter for Change.  Many a Fedland initiative has sounded dissonant to listeners due to “agitato” passages played by some of the musicians in too frenzied a manner, rather than with the excitement indicated on the score. 

There are no good models or case studies for how to balance the broad freedom necessary to encourage safe haven communications and the control on which bureaucrats customarily rely.    Traditional Fedland methods — “grab credit” then “brag” about it in as many forums as possible — sometimes get in the way of change.   “Grab and brag” is a deeply conservative and risk averse Fedland approach to implementing change initiatives that I’ve seen fail in the past.    

Cultural change is hard.   Some of NARA’s officials have longtime experience in Fedland.  They came up through the ranks, in NARA or other agencies, learning that control of messaging is required.  Yet a more relaxed approach would serve the National Archives better in a transformed environment.  Yes, even in Washington, despite what happens on both ends of Pennyslvania Avenue.

The National Archives soon will face a test on how it handles user feedback. Last fall the Society for Historians of Foreign Relations (SHAFR) surveyed historians and researchers who have used or plan to use resources at the National Archives and Records Administration.  The poll closed December 1, 2013.    The survey asked historians to choose priorities among actions such as digitization of records, records declassification, description of records held and released by the National Archives.  SHAFR has not yet released the results publicly but should be doing so shortly. 

I did not fill out the survey–I am too close to NARA and it did not feel right to me to do so.  But I can predict that the diplomatic historians will not be ranking creation of more GIFs as among their priorities.  That said, while the @USNatArchives Twitter feed can seem shallow at times, if you take the time to click through to some of the Tumblrs and other content, you can figure out what seems to be driving that.  NARA mission staff contextualize products that on first glance may seem superficial or pitched low.

Given how busy they are, most scholars who follow the NARA Twitter feed do not click through on such tweets, unfortunately.  I hope they recognize that the agency is trying to reach a very broad spectrum of stakeholders.   And so it should.  The National Archives has a lot of ground to make up as it moves from a closed, inwards looking posture to a more open one.

@USNatArchives links to good information on the Public Interest Declassification Board, the National Declassification Center, records releases, and public programming.   While I have no information on the results, I predict that given the source of the survey, records declassification will come up highly rated among the choices for prioritization of resources.

In posting its survey, SHAFR praised leadership within the State Department’s history office and then noted of the National Archives.    “It currently lacks a plan, the backlog is growing, it is woefully understaffed, and its morale is the lowest of any government department or agency.   NARA’s leadership must act now.”

I protested the framing of the poll at my blog in “Viewpoint.” I wrote that “Transformation has several drivers, some internal to NARA, some external.  I understand why SHAFR seeks to survey diplomatic historians.  But why morale is low at NARA should not have been part of the framework.”  

I wrote that you need situational awareness and deep immersion in NARA issues to make your way through the morale issues.  And I explained,

“….that I write as much as I do about showing respect for employees is part of what I have concluded about the Obama administration’s citizen engagement requirements for federal departments and agencies.

When you turn outside, the vibe inside becomes even more important than it is in a more closed culture, such as that of the Old NARA.”

The Obama administration’s efforts to engage citizens and to foster Open Government require agencies and departments to modernize the way they operate.  This is challenging because fads such as Total Quality Management notwithstanding, most agencies and departments still operate in traditional, conservative ways.  First steps matter.  The foundation must fit what is required of the structure visible to the outside.  The Obama administration overlooked that to some degree.

What Nixon administration Office of Management and Budget official Roy Ash believed of Litton Industries, that having no organization chart means people would not focus on territory, is not possible in Fedland.  And yes, I made my first appearance at a NARA blog talking about that at “No Small Change,” the first beautiful post David wrote in April 2010 for AOTUS blog.

This past Friday, James B. Stewart wrote in the New York Times about the television show “House of Cards” and revenge as a control mechanism.  I nodded my head when I saw him write about “observable” as opposed to “verifiable” revenge techniques.

Stewart explained,

“As Randal Picker, a professor at the University of Chicago Law School and co-author of “Game Theory and the Law,” explained to me this week, ‘If you are a politician with a desire to punish opponents and get away with it, you want to work in the world of observable but not verifiable actions. That would mean that your opponents would understand what you are doing, which is important if you actually want them to obey upfront so that you don’t have to punish them later, but also you want to use a punishment where a third party can’t be sure that you have acted for illegitimate reasons. That way you can get away with it and not pay a legal price for it.’  The same could be said of business executives.”

As all who have worked within the federal (or state or local) government know, revenge sometimes is used as a controlling tool in agencies and departments, too.  I’m very inner directed and wired to fight for the abused.  I’ve argued against revenge based management and worked to counter it during my 40 years in the civil service.

Control through observable, not verifiable, revenge, can have a deep impact on an agency’s morale.  Agency heads and senior leadership may pick up on high fear levels.  But without direct evidence of the causes, they may have trouble countering it.

Many barriers to cultural change in Fedland are less extreme than what Stewart describes.  When I wrote “Web X.0, People 1.0” (January 15, 2013), I looked at how bureaucracies operate.

“The need for a leader’s designated officials to justify their worth to him can result in their becoming vested in their prior actions and choices.  Managing up is pervasive in most organizations I’ve observed.  Truth telling can be very difficult.  Honesty isn’t always rewarded.  People can tell what the boss’s pet projects are, what he’s most vested in.  Sometimes they become cheerleaders–a very different role from being supporters.  Or, worse yet, enablers of behaviors about which they have concerns  but which they don’t believe they can voice.  Asymmetry can be difficult to spot.  And calcification can set in quickly.”

That has been a theme at my blog, as I wrote in January 2013:

“I wrote a year ago of officials appointed by agency heads to lead change initiatives, ‘It is hard to parachute in and advise an organization on messaging and collaboration.  Your first job is to get internal stakeholders to trust you and to tell you what you need to know.  It takes time to form bonds of trust–that is, assuming they develop.’

What inhibits useful, actionable feedback that leads to meaningful change?  Any number of things.  Unfamiliarity with the group being targeted. Or just taking the easy way out: imitating instead of innovating.  The desire to jump on the bandwagon, to do what is popular.   Join the chorus.  The unorthodox can very quickly morph into the orthodox.”

The finale of the Mendelssohn Trio is marked “appassionato.”  The recently hired NARA official in charge of digital engagement, Dannielle Blumenthal, recently tweeted to me that my blog is “insightful” and my “passion” for NARA is “beautiful.”  I tweeted back a thank you to her for saying this publicly about me, “Sincerely.  You have the gift.  Rare.”  

But a few days later, after considering the lay of the land, I told Dannielle Blumenthal that I wouldn’t tweet to her any more.   Yes, I told the NARA engagement official I was self imposing message discipline and not engaging at her name account (@thinkbrandfirst).   What she had tweeted to me notwithstanding, other data, direct and indirect, suggested that it was not wise to continue.  I want to speak “out in the open” so as to push NARA to be less conservative and less risk averse.  But her name Twitter account is not the place to do it.  My blog is the better venue as it enables me to take sole responsibility for my words.

Given how outspoken I have been about the Innovation unit in which she works, I felt she deserved the protection of my silence regarding her Twitter feed.   Starting last February, I’ve written here about NARA’s Innovation unit and how it is perceived by some agency employees as elite and unaccountable.    I’ve had my say for now, I want to see what happens.

I don’t worry about what I write myself.  Not at all.  But I keep hearing that discussing Innovation and digital engagement candidly and honestly is perceived, fairly or not, within some parts of NARA as “third rail.”  So I tweeted to @thinkbrandfirst that I see her as working in a complicated environment below the Big Dude’s level.  I concluded my tweet with good wishes, “be well.”

When I first met the Big Dude, David Ferriero, he was wearing a green wristband reading “yes until no.”  Soon after that, I started wearing a black wristband reading “Shall be free.”   And I laughingly wrote in May 2011 at my once anonymous blog, Archivesmatter(s), “So the rebels have united.  I explained last night in my other blog, Nixonara, how the fact that Archivist of the United States David Ferriero reached out to me on Thursday was spectacular to my Fedland ears, in a dog whistle way.”   My trust in David has grown since then and remains at a high level now.  I can be myself with no fear.

David Ferriero and Maarja Krusten,NARA,_110411

(c) Bruce Guthrie Maarja at Naftali Kennedy eventrs  NARA A1 102512 14TH_121025_002I wear that “Shall be free” wristband every day.  I’ll be listening out in the year to come, as I have in the past, for the dog whistles, positive or negative, that come from executives and managers who work at NARA.

Can government agencies operate in a truly entrepreneurial, even anarchical, fashion? No.  Roy Ash didn’t believe so, when we at NARA’s Nixon Presidential Materials Project interviewed him.  There are risks inherent in the way Washington operates, ones which it is prudent to keep in mind, always.

But rebelling against some old ways of doing things?  Yeah, there is some room for that.  And as one of the rebels, but one who operates in an environment of great trust, I say that calmly — “con moto tranquillo.”

To be yourself

What keeps us from being ourselves?  And what does masking who we are do to us? What is the price to be paid for Kabuki Theater?  What is lost when imposed censorship or self-censorship, group think, and compelled conformity occurs–in small ways in our workplaces?  Or in big ways, when people are forced to live under totalitarian rule?   What is lost when you can only be yourself when hidden from view?

Federal bureaucrats can be hampered by numerous constraints, some self-imposed, some situational, some cultural.  The need to hit their “marks” and produce the required metrics can weigh down efforts by functionaries to be thought leaders in Washington.   Closed information loops within siloed “communities” can hamper them, as well.

I was struck by that recently when (not for the first time) I saw authentic speech on Twitter about Imposter Syndrome.   Many Washington thought leaders below the levels of departmental and agency heads follow each others’ Twitter feeds.   This can lead to insularity.  What they should be doing is trying to understand better the members of professions that make up the stakeholders they are trying to reach.

Not just those who have made a mark in those professions.   But students and young professionals, too.  They represent the future.  The intelligence, refreshing honesty and courage with which they discuss very human issues on Twitter provides me as much relief from Washington as the long walks I take listening to Tchaikovsky, Mendelssohn, Mozart, and Handel.

A Twitter friend recently linked to a blog post by Char Booth, an Instruction Services Manager and E-Services Librarian.  Booth shared reflections on  Imposter Syndrome and a moment of revelation during an interview:

“….predictably, at the outset of the process my impostor was very active. The thing is, as I developed my responses I realized that I had much to say about collaboration, advocacy, and the projects I’ve been involved in over the years. Far from self-aggrandizement, it felt like a genuinely enthusiastic narrative of initiatives, colleagues, and values.

That I’ve contributed positively to my profession is something I’ve doubted systematically since I started being a librarian back in 2006, so it was fabulous to finally experience a moment of reflective contentment. The unanticipated alleviation of my own fraud myth made me realize how incessantly I have tried to drive away self-doubt by scaling the walls of workaholism toward an unattainable zenith. The impostor delivers an ad nauseam internal critique that creates a protective counterimpulse to mask deficiencies, which leads to all sorts of related negatives such as posturing, positioning, loss of motivation, defensiveness, unease, despair, and outright panic. It holds you back from taking risks and sharing opinions to avoid being perceived as that which you are fear you actually are, in some cases a self-fulfilling prophecy.”

Counter impulses may even lead to abusive managerial actions such as those  Daniel Oestreich and Kathleen D. Ryan examined in Driving Fear Out of the Workplace.

I’ve been thinking about freedom and about suppression–of others or of authentic self–since Tuesday, January 14.  That morning, I attended a symposium at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  The topic was Berlin, “A City Divided:  Life and Death in the Shadow of the Wall.”  

It was the second such symposium by NARA’s National Declassification Center (NDC) along with the CIA’s Historical Review Program.   I described the first in “Getting Through the Crisis.”  I’ll write more about this week’s event in future posts after I have time to read the Symposium publication with declassified print and electronic U.S. records on Berlin.

Speakers, Berlin Symposium, NARA Flickr 11970501716_d77c2fcab8_b

The speakers (historian guests Christian Ostermann, Hope Harrison, Donald Steury and Neil Carmichael of NARA) were excellent.   But because of my family history, my most vivid impression of the event comes from extracts from a 1962 television documentary by NBC.   (Link to full video here.)   The documentary chronicled the efforts of university students who built a tunnel to enable people in East Berlin to flee to freedom in the West.  Their motives were many.   Knowing and loving people who were forced to live under totalitarian rule and wanting them to be free was a powerful motivator.  The visual images in the documentary were riveting.  And they spoke to me of issues that had affected my own family.

The date of the Symposium, January 14, marked 27 years  since the death of my father, Peter Krusten.   He came to the United States as a refugee from Communism in 1950.  That he walked freely in a demonstration in New York City that year is symbolic of why he came to the U.S.

Peter Krusten, New York City, 1950I think of my refugee parents (only Dad is pictured above) and what our rights mean to us every time I see the Charters of Freedom at the National Archives.

1506696_598134946939170_222087268_nDad worked for the U.S. Government as a radio scriptwriter for the Voice of America. His real love was writing novels and short stories under the name Pedro Krusten.  There were lovely touches of whimsy and humor in some of his later works.  Some of his books are at the Library of Congress and the New York Public Library.

I’m like Dad is some ways, in my love of writing and keen interest in the human condition.  But there are areas where I am different than he was.  Dad “left work behind” when he came home.   He wrote about the homeland he lost and about his new life in the United States.  I write about history and archives and records, fields in which I work.   And I’m passionate about the National Archives.

Maarja, Eva, with Dad, 1970sMy favorite moment at the Berlin Symposium occurred as my longtime friend, National Archives’ official Neil Carmichael, spoke at the podium.  Now NARA Program Manager, Insider Threat Program, Neil until recently was a division director in NDC.   His command of the Berlin narrative on Tuesday was impressive.  

In addition to being a specialist in national security records declassification and history, Neil was stationed in Germany for part of his service in the U.S. Army.   I admire his skill as a manager and a leader.   And I’m glad that he is a member of AOTUS David Ferriero’s team at NARA.

David Ferriero opening remarks Berlin Symposium NARA Flickr 11970502356_07a6983220_c  Berlin Symposium panel, NARA A1 McGowan 011414

As he read the usual disclaimer that accompanies presentations hosted by federal agencies, Neil kept his tone light.  Good move.  When he described how he encouraged participants to join in on the Berlin records project, Neil joked about how he promised they would get credit in the publication released by NARA.  He grinned as he said of his candor, “I’m sure I’ll hear about this later.”

Neil Carmichael, Remarks, Berlin Symposium, NARA Flickr 11970502286_ec6c945372_c

I sat on the aisle of the second row with my good friend, Tim Mulligan, during the Symposium.  David Ferriero–the Big Dude–had greeted us graciously prior to giving great opening remarks at the start of the event.   David and other NARA officials sat a couple of feet away from Tim and me, in the front row.

When Neil said “I’m sure I’ll hear about this later,” I called out from my seat, “No, you won’t!”  When you’re at ease, you empower yourself!  I was and I did, and it wouldn’t be the only time that day.

David Ferriero once noted that a little fun is a good sign in a workplace.   He has described how light hearted actions by colleagues early in his library career helped him decide to stay in the field.   David isn’t just smart and insightful.  The Big Dude also has a wonderfully whimsical sense of humor.

 I first met Neil in 1994 and knew, as I did with his colleagues Jay Bosanko and Joe Scanlon, that this was a person who would go far, given the chance.    Neil was comfortable with his role and assigned disclosure review duties, even as an archives-technician.  That and the fact that he was confident but not arrogant told me he would make a good manager and leader. You pick up on such qualities early on.

Joe, Jim, Neil, NARA Declass A2, redaction-1994  copy Sys Rev staff A2 December 1994

Moments after a photographer took this photo of me with my former NARA colleague Rod Ross and David Ferriero in December 2011, I turned to David and blurted out, “I’m so happy!”   Since then, I have laughed so often in the Archivist’s Reception Room.  That I’ve been able to re-connect with the National Archives is intensely joyful for me.  Rod, a longtime friend, astutely observed in 2011, “Maarja, you never really left NARA.”  True!  But being able to come back–and to be my authentic self–means a great deal to me.

Bruce Guthrie's photo of Rod Ross, Maarja Krusten, David Ferriero reception A1 120711, KALB_111207_009

Maarja and Fynnette NARA 105 011414The same day I came to the Berlin Symposium, I attended an evening reception at the National Archives.  I enjoyed wonderful conversations with David Ferriero.  I also had great chats with other NARA officials, including General Counsel Gary Stern.   That I was so relaxed and clearly at ease had a payoff when a young woman made a beeline for where I was standing with my guest, Fynnette Eaton.  She blurted out that she had just arrived, was shy and knew no one.    Without knowing it, we must have signaled a safe zone where she could be herself, even admit that she needed help.   Perhaps that we were at ease made her feel at ease, too.

We are lucky to live in a democratic nation instead of under totalitarian rule.  And we play a part in the lives of others.

The Charters of Freedom and other laws enumerate our rights in the United States.   Other ineffable rights we give each other as gifts in our daily interactions as human beings.

Listening when “they are desperate to talk”

Tuesday morning, I read an article in the Washington Post about the contributions psychologists make in handling people issues in the Federal government.  A phrase that struck me was “talking everything out.”  The article quoted several government psychologists.  One found that the best results came in units with “managers who were highly rated by their employees” on elements “such as being open to competing opinions.”   I nodded as I read that.  So true.

Everyone has a story, right?  I thought about that yesterday evening as I attended a reception at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  Afterwards, I listened to Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer share some of his story in the McGowan Theater.  I enjoyed wonderful conversations during the reception with the Big Dude, aka AOTUS David S. Ferriero.  And I had fun talking to other NARA officials, as well.

Added bonus, my guest was one of my best friends, Fynnette Eaton, whom I helped start her career at the National Archives in 1977, where I began work in December 1976.    Fynnette had a chance to chat with David and others.  She later watched from a couch as I walked around and talked.   (I’m the Introvert, she’s the Extrovert, but I was so energized as I mingled.)  To share joy with a friend truly is something special.  You see us in my home in the late 1970s.  That cake I baked made it safely on to the table, unlike the time I messed up (“Spill the feels“).

Maarja and Fynnette ca. 1979 cy

I had the great pleasure of introducing Fynnette to David Ferriero at an exhibit preview reception in the National Archives’ Rotunda in 2012.   That meant so much to me.  Part of my happiness comes from being able to bring those I cherish as friends to these events.   Hard to put in words why that is but it truly is joyful!  This was the first time that Fynnette was able to join me at a reception in the Archivist’s Reception Room (105).

copy fynnette-eaton-maarja-krusten-david-ferriero-a1-020912 Maarja and Fynnette, NARA A1,105, 011414

The public program in McGowan Theater with Justice Breyer yesterday evening was my second visit to the venue on Tuesday.  In the morning, I attended a wonderful symposium on Berlin which I will write about in a separate post.   David Ferriero was there for the symposium and graciously greeted me and my longtime friend, Tim Mulligan, who also is a good friend to Fynnette.  Another longtime friend, Neil Carmichael, did a superb job putting together the Symposium. Part of the joy that shone from my face yesterday was pride in seeing NARA repped so well!

Justice Breyer shared interesting observations about his work.  What is appropriate for a Justice and what is not.  What can be shared publicly in the spirit of Transparency.  And why certain workplace conversations, such as conferences among the Justices, would not serve their purpose, if done out in the open.

Those of us who work with history, archives, and records understand that, or should.  We don’t all “speak out in the open,” not all issues lend themselves to open collaboration and problem solving.  Yet some of us also support Open Government and reasonable Transparency.  Balance is hard to achieve but always worth working on!

(c) Bruce Guthrie CONST1_140114_074

Photo by Bruce Guthrie

Breyer seemed glad of the opportunity to share his insights and to tell his story.  As I listened to Breyer, I thought  of what David Ferriero said in a speech on July 25, 2011.   Ferriero discussed the work that NARA was doing in records declassification, records management, digital access, and citizen engagement. He also talked about the contributions of researchers such as Jonathan Webb Deiss.  I especially liked what Ferriero said in 2011 about reaching out and listening.

“Look for ways to engage your customers. We all have a lot to learn from them. And they are desperate to talk! I remember doing an Information Seeking Behavior Study at MIT and how easy it was to get faculty to talk about their research—no one else wanted to listen to them.”

One of the things I love about Twitter is seeing authentic reactions from people unbound by message discipline.  In 2011, I was delighted to see tweets about David’s speech from archivists and librarians who focused on a passage where he said “employees come first.”  Makes sense.  You depend on them and they on you.  Letting employees talk, really talk, is as important as letting customers talk.

A government psychologist who was quoted in the WaPo article said that what matters most is “ leadership ability rather than expertise in a particular field.”  I agree.  

People skills and leadership abilities are hard to teach, you largely have them or you don’t.   And if those qualities are there, they show up early, as I found with some people who started at NARA as archives technicians and then rose in the ranks.

I’ve found that people who were comfortable in their skins despite low rank as newbies in archives and library settings later brought that to bear as they became managers or executives.  Official status did not define them early in their careers or later.  Being comfortable is a part of being an empathetic, effective leader. And you can see early when confidence (not arrogance) based on comfort with self and with others (the two seem related) is present.  Who isn’t threatened by or afraid of being human him or herself.

Affinity for people, skill in handling them, shines out.  How?  In conversation.  In how people listen.  In recognition that others are “desperate to talk.”  These largely are innate skills.  The other stuff–agency and mission-specific–can be taught.

A joyful day for me at NARA from start to finish.  That joy must have been palpable.  Towards the end of the reception, a young woman came in to the room.  She hesitated, spotted Fynnette and me, and walked up to us.  She blurted out candidly to us, who were strangers to her, that she knew no one in the room. We welcomed her to NARA and chatted with her until it was time for guests to walk over to the McGowan Theater to hear Justice Breyer.

I was one of the first to walk through the Public Vaults from the Pennsylvania Avenue side of the building to the public programs side (Constitution Avenue).   I empowered myself, leading the way.  (There were many people in the reception room and the usual escorts were busy).  I explained the logistics of moving from one event to the other to newcomers to the building and made sure they got to the theater comfortably.

I felt so at home.    A beautiful place to be.

Love and empathy in leading change

In early 2012, I read, then wrote here, about Steve Jobs. Why? I liked the quote that the Big Dude, aka AOTUS David S. Ferriero, used in a beautiful blog post (“Life is Short”) that he wrote after Jobs died in October 2011. David quoted from a commencement address in which Jobs said:

“Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.  Don’t be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people’s thinking.  Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice, heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become.”

I love the quote.  But I find Jobs to be a complicated figure, in part because some of his management philosophy was useful and some harmful.  He sided with the pirates in a workplace, not the people who were drawn to joining the navy.  Jobs understood the importance of sussing out customers’ deep needs.   However, he was not an empathetic leader in the workplace.  You can succeed in some organizations without being empathetic.  In others, it leads to sure failure.

Many librarians and archivists think of their work as serving others.  “It’s not about me.”   In leading information professionals, the absence or presence of love and caring in change efforts makes a critical difference.    Leading a change effort works best if you see yourself as a partner to others in the enterprise. What gets in the way of that? Loving the wrong person. Being enamored of your own sense of specialness when you’re part of a family whose other members love each other for their contributions as much as if not more than themselves.

This is why I tweeted last week that the key to succesful change is not managing up, as one article suggested, but managing sideways.  Truth be told, it frightened me a little to tweet this.  But I feel strongly about change because I’ve seen it mishandled in the past in Fedland.

Seeing yourself as “heroic” and others as inferiors is a vulnerability in the library and archives environment.  So is looking at change as “Messianic” and dependent on “misfits” who “disrupt” the status quo.   You need creative, bold people to move forward wisely.  But looking at change as “disruption” can easily result in negative bonding.

Seeing themselves as part of an elite unit, cooler than other employees, can become a comfy blanket for what Steve Jobs called pirates. And it can torpedo change if the bonding is based on contempt for colleagues.

There are no magic bullets.  There’s no set menu.  You have to pick and choose. Getting change right doesn’t mean just looking for misfits. It means looking for misfits who are empathetic.  And if this proves challenging, making sure the misfits are led by an empathetic leader who understands everyone in the organization.  A rare combination, which is why so many change efforts fail to deliver.

Negative bonding is a barrier to leading change. It is easy to spot in how the less sensitive disrupters (not all are) describe their colleagues. And colleagues pick up on it immediately. It shows when the people in an enterprise are described as caricatures, not real human beings. Damaging in any environment but especially in one where the pirates come to be perceived as elite.

Maarja with blue hair walking after work, June 2012This bears keeping in mind especially in organizations such as the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  Many of NARA’s older and mid-career employees are Introverts and history nerds.   Some of us were part of the “freaks and geeks” in junior and senior high school.  Having to accept that others see us as “not one of the cool kids” is part of who we are.

We handle that in different ways.  In my case, I think putting blue in my hair and wearing blue nail polish (although that had become cool in 2012 when this pic was taken, ha) is part of it.  It’s my way of saying, “free to be you and me.” Psychology is complicated, I don’t always know why I do what I do.  I think part of never having been a member of the in-group is why I’m resistant to pitches based on “all the cools kids are” or “join the chorus.”  But I’m a Gamma.  It might work differently for a Beta.

Perceptions within NARA that some units are elite and special and that others are not should not be dismissed.   This especially is the case in leading change in a workforce that includes so many mid- and late-career employees.  To wave off perceptions of an elite unit as “resistance to change” is to overlook how that feels.   Despite cherished career long achievements within NARA, some employees feel as if they must accept that they never will be cool.

Eva ad Maarja, Congress Heights elementary orchestra (in sixth grade) 1963I can only speak for myself on what it was like to be a bookish, classical music loving intellectual in high school. I definitely wasn’t one of the “cool kids.”  The photo shows my twin sister, Eva, and I as we were about to finish sixth grade and enter junior high school   As a teenager, I learned as many youths do that some of those who thought they were cool flaunted it in negative ways.  (The true “cool” kids by my definition never did, I got along well with them.)

I loved my twin sister very much. But I learned as a kid that being a twin added a different twist to some of the taunting I heard in high school. “Hey, girl, your sister is ugly.” Meaning, of course, because we were twins, “you’re ugly.”  I sometimes heard such belittlement during changes in classes as I walked up and down the stairs with Eva.  Not often, but enough to remember it still.  You see Eva (right) and me (left) in 1968 when we were seniors in high school.  Academic Honor Society kids.

maarja-and-eva-seniors-in-high-school-1968-1969-jg

I don’t know the deep trigger source of my strong pleas as an archives and history professional for empathy to other members of groups.  My experiences in the “Nixon wars,” when my NARA boss and members of my archival cohort were treated as disposable in Washington, heightened my disdain for negative bonding.  I hated being dehumanized that way in federal service.  But my focus on empathy goes back earlier than 1992.

Some of it may come from always being part of “us,” my twin and I, and never (until she died in 2002) just “me.”  I didn’t just feel my own pain when bad things happened, I felt her pain, too.  Perhaps it taught me from an early age to not look at things just as they seemed in my head but as they seemed to someone else, my sis, as well.

Eva and Maarja two NARA archivists ca. 1984

As a supervisory archivist and team leader in Declass, Eva, too showed strong empathy as a NARA employee.  She had so much love and caring in her heart.

Eva and Steve Appel August 1995

The photo by Margot Schulman for the Foundation for the National Archives  in 2011 shows my delight in how David Ferriero greeted me by holding up my hand to display my blue finger nail polish.  Behind the intense joy I showed in the Archivist’s Reception Room at reconnecting with NARA (my former employer) lay years of intense pain.

David Ferriero, Maarja Krusten NARA A1 105 100511 FNA cropped,photo by_Margot_Schulman

When I read the tweeted article about “Messianic change” last week, I thought about why we hear so much about managing up and managing down.  And not nearly enough about managing sideways.  I’ve argued here at Nixonara about the importance of heart in leading wisely, not just smartly.

Lead from the heart, throw away the books.   Don’t think of the status quo as made up of those who cling to old ways, resisting change, and those eager to embrace new ways. The status quo is not one point on the spectrum. All workplaces are made up of real human beings.  People, with all their exquisitely different life experiences, wiring, and motivating triggers.  We have different inner voices, hearts and intuition.  We can’t be led through dogma.

“Look at her blue finger nails!  I like them.”  The way David greeted me on October 5, 2011 told me a lot.  It is possible to have served successfully in the U.S. Navy but also to appreciate some pirate sensibilities.   Perhaps that’s the key to leading change with heart.  Understanding the sailors and the pirates, both.  And even that some of us have a little of both inside us.