Monthly Archives: December 2015

Gifts and the gift

Jarrett Drake LinkedInThe opening sentence caught my eye:  “In graduate school, a professor told me that she decided to choose her discipline based on the people she wanted to argue with for the rest of her career.”   The author–Jarrett M. Drake, one of several archivists recently writing about first-time publishing at the Students and New Archives Professionals (SNAP) Blog.

Rebecca Goldman was a leading force behind the establishment of the SNAP Roundtable of the Society of American Archivists (SAA).   Archivists, librarians, and Library and Information Science grad students saw the need and made it happen.  I followed the threads on the main SAA Listserv and Social Media which led to her proposal.  I understood why Rebecca lobbied for SNAP.  And why Kate Theimer, one of the most visionary archivists to serve on SAA’s Council, helped supporters of the new Roundtable.

Rebecca Goldman photo_for_snap_blog Kate Theimer LinkedIn photo

Most of the older Listservs which I follow show less engagement now than 15 years ago, when there were fewer platforms for outreach.  I follow the bursts of conversations on the SNAP List, the insightful #snaprt chats on Twitter and thoughtful posts on the Roundtable’s blog.

I usually take time off from work for much of December but not this year.  So it’s nice to have four days off right now.  It’s good to let my thoughts wander, even more so than during the long walks I like to take.  And to catch up on posts such as “[On the Job Training]: The First Publishing Experience (Or, Using Graduate School Work for a Higher Purpose” (December 17, 2015).

In his essay on publishing, Jarrett used a powerful image to explain how he approaches conversations and knowledge sharing (learning, teaching).  I find what he writes applies to publishing and to more informal engagement online and in person, as well:

“To determine my unique contributions to a given conversation, I first research, read, and consider the range of archival literature published on a given topic. This first step allows me to assess accurately the pulse of a conversation and highlight any gaps or absences. The words of journalist Amy Goodman ring relevant: ‘Go where the silence is and say something.’ I often take weeks or months just reading and annotating articles and books that pertain to the conversation I want to enter. This process of assessing the conversation is similar to jumping rope, double dutch style. As a kid, it amazed me how seamlessly other kids could enter the terrifying prospects of two deadly pieces of twisted twine twirling at breakneck speeds. It further amazed me how seamlessly they left and allowed others to enter. Scholarly communication bears resemblance to double dutch. One must study the twirl, the twirlers, and jump in when and where you feel comfortable.”

Having a good sense of self and of others–what you and they bring to professional situations, what to personal ones, when to listen, when to talk, is part of this.  You study the twirl, the twirlers, and learn when to jump in and when to hop out and let other players jump in.

Jarrett’s double dutch image fits the world of archives,  records, and history well.  The twirlers and the jumpers are the participants.  You have to judge the speed right, listen to the cadences of the chants or the beat of the music, watch the movement.

To me, the twirl can mean tone, style, and format.  The scholarly, the governmental, and the political playgrounds and streets are different.  The most skilled players recognize those differences and calibrate accordingly.   You can spot through lines if you look at how people express themselves, in writing and visually.

Anthony Grafton and James Grossman wrote in “Habits of Mind” that a “student of history learns that empathy, rather than sympathy, stands at the heart of understanding not only the past but also the complex present.”  A year before she graduated from high school in 1969 my twin sister Eva sketched anti-Vietnam War protestors.  Her 1968 sketch was impressionistic but not cartoonish.  You can’t tell from how she drew the people then, and later in college in 1970, whether she supported their views or not.

Sketch of antiwar demonstrators by Eva in 1968 cr the-audience-1970-by-eva cr

As it happens, as a teenager Eva supported the war effort although she later came to see the issues as much more complex than when she was in high school.   By drawing the protestors as individual human beings, not caricatures, she showed in high school the same empathy and discernment she later brought to studying history and being a supervisory archivist.  There’s a spectrum among historians, as in other academic disciplines, of course.  Eva always turned to fine strokes, not to thick markers.  You see my late sister (at right on both photos) with me at Christmas 1975 and Christmas 1989, when we both worked for the National Archives.

Maarja and Eva Christmas ca. 1974-1975 Maarja and Eva at Christmas 1989

The workplace requires similar skills to those Jarrett Drake describes.  Ability to read situations well is a gift, an asset; tone deafness a disadvantage.  The best executives and managers recognize leadership skills early on.  With the rise of Social Media, they can pick out emerging leaders even before meeting them.  Lucky employees (this may depend on opportunities, and yes, on privilege) find good mentors who help them thrive.

I say thrive because as does AOTUS David S. Ferriero, I think leadership skills largely are innate.  They can be developed but not really taught.  David observed in 2008 that

“There is a set of interpersonal skills a person has to have to be a good leader, and they can’t really be taught, but after all these years I can tell pretty quickly if someone has them. I look for an individual who truly cares about people, who has good listening skills, who has empathy and is able to understand what people are going through and is genuinely sensitive to the situation. Directness and honesty. And of course, the ability to make decisions.”

And David is right, as he observed in 2012, about the importance in public service archives and library work of discernment in outreach.  “Tailoring the amount, style, and content of messages to the needs of the audience and handling and resolving questions and contrary opinions in a positive and constructive manner.”

The same skills that enable us to navigate “real life” apply in the virtual world.  Part of being effective is understanding silence.  There are times when you go where the silence is and speak up.  And there are times when silence is the gift you give others.  As Jarrett tweeted in June, sometimes you have to “stfu and listen” instead of speaking for, to, or at others.  You let them choose how, when, and where to speak and what they–not you–need to say.

Only some of Twitter’s value shows in analytics.    Sometimes you engage.  There may be no response.  At other times, a tweet leads to a wonderful back and forth.  Others may join in.  I’ve seen that work well with Tweeters–what they learned as they studied the twirl and the twirlers stands out.  And sometimes not.   Yes, that can be complicated as with all group dynamics!  Learning comes through trial and error.

Sometimes you show respect by reading what people you Follow tweet and not replying.   That you nod along and silently think of a powerful series of tweets, “I wish you well,” doesn’t show up in their Mentions.  And sometimes, clicking “Like” doesn’t suit what they are saying about harrowing topics so you do nothing.  But respectful silence while reading is part of building the online relationship.

You’re reading and annotating tweets mentally, preparing to speak later, to stand up for others, to use the concept Jarrett described.  By showing silent respect and listening first, you’re learning who they are.

Jumping in without stumbling on twirling ropes, jumping out of conversations to give others a chance to play, is a skill that some people display more effectively than others.  If you mess up (I have, most of the people I know have from time to time, too) you can learn, adjust.  Learning, calibration are part of effective communications.

A highlight of 2015 for me was seeing Ashley Stevens tweet about meeting David Ferriero.  Two archivists I know in person and admire finally had a chance to meet!   During the time she worked at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Ashley often helped me keep going in Washington.  Her insights, resilience, and candor were a bright spot for me on Social Media.  I’ve often written about her at Nixonara and was glad to see her re-launch her blog this fall.  I’ve added “History Matters” to my blogroll here.

David Ferriero and Ashley Stevens, 072415 courtesy Ashley Stevens ashley-stevens-photo-nichelle-nichols-and-me

Ashley’s recent blog post about “Sustainability:  The Key to Understanding Me,” demonstrates exemplary professional awareness.

“I’m not always the ‘ideas person’ but I can turn that idea into a workable, customizable model.  I think when I realized that, there was an internal sigh of relief.  Sure I have ideas about things but that’s not where I expend my energy.  That’s not my strength.  And, there’s nothing wrong in admitting that.

One of my favorite quotes growing up comes from Irish dramatist  George Bernard Shaw:

‘You see things; and you say “Why?” But I dream things that never  were; and I say “Why not?”‘

I mistakenly thought that this ‘why not?’ was my raison d’etre.  Turns out it isn’t.  You have the people that say ‘why not’ but my question is how?”

She called her old blog “Emerging Archivist and Historian Adrift in the Delta Quadrant.”  Since Ashley no longer is an emerging archivist but a seasoned professional, I can see why she changed the title.  But truth be told, many of us feel adrift at times!

Ashley Stevens, Maarja Krusten, SAA 20140814

I know I do–that’s one of many reason I take the long walks I write about here.  Washington can be a complicated place to navigate.  But there are scenes of incredible beauty, if you know where to look.

National Archives, May 2015 Pennsylvania Avenue, May 2015

Ashley writes of happiness and sustainability,

“I look back on my somewhat short career and I think on those things that still exist.  A project I started that paved the way to another project.  Or a social media strategy that is still in use today.  I look back on those things with a sense of pride.  I did that.  And in doing that other people benefit.  If it benefits just me, then I’m not as fulfilled unless others are reaping the benefits.

The question I pose to you dear reader is what makes you happy?  What drives you?

Understand that and you understand the key to who you are.”

I’m considering adding update paragraphs to a handful of my older posts here.  Not revising them–they reflect how I saw things at the time.  But indicating through short notes that I’ve broadened or changed my perspective on some issues as I’ve talked, listened, and learned.  So I’ve marked a few posts for future annotation, a backburner project.

Part of learning is understanding how others see you.

I recently read through the Internet Archive some essays on a site that no longer exists.  Clicking on a link in one post took me to a 2009 Twitter thread the author described as being about someone else.  At the time of actual posting, the thread at the account did show discussion of that person. (I remember reading it in real time). But because of a three-month crawl lag, the archived Wayback Machine link instead shows tweets about me from later in 2009.   I had read those in real time, ouch.  They were a good example of how the Twitter backchannel can point to what we might do differently.

Much has changed since 2009.   I’m at peace and my attention and connections are different than they once were.  My network is wider, more diverse than it was when I was one of the most frequent (essayist) posters on the old Archives and Archivists Listserv.  And what makes me happy reflects those changes and that larger network and greater community.

The most beautiful gift to give others is the ability to look beyond the individual to what will help the larger group succeed.  To step out of oneself.  To listen out, in what is said and what you can intuit, for what others need and want.  To ease their burdens, help them achieve their goals.  To shine a light.

Seeing others shine lights, use their gifts in purpose-driven work, stand up for those who need it, give gifts to the community, as those I’ve written about here today do, is what makes me happy.  Seeing others give back, build for the future, is a wonderful gift.  And yes, sustainability matters, matters a great deal–part of “the true gift of what we do!”

They built this nation

As I read about an unexpected discovery of letters yesterday, I thought of what James Grossman and Anthony Grafton wrote in 2014 in “Habits of Mind.”

“In the archive the historian has the opportunity and the obligation to listen. A good historian enters the archive not to prove a hypothesis, not to gather evidence to support a position that assumptions and theories have already formed. But to answer a question. It’s an amazing experience to see and talk with and learn from the dead.”

Not all voices make it into archives.  And some are preserved unexpectedly outside an official repository, as in the Christmas letters by the children of Irish immigrants featured in the New York Times yesterday.  In 1990, Peter Mattaliano discovered two such letters, one from 1905, the other from 1907, during renovation of the chimney in his Hell’s Kitchen home in New York City.  Tucked into the chimney, the two letters remained undiscovered for decades.

The letter young Mary wrote in 1907 asks for nothing specific for herself but asks Santa to remember the less fortunate.

“Dear Santa Claus: I am very glad that you are coming around tonight.  My little brother would like you to bring him a wagon which I know you cannot afford. I will ask you to bring him whatever you think best. Please bring me something nice what you think best.”

P.S. Please do not forget the poor.”

Touched by the family’s “implied poverty” and by Mary’s “stoicism and selflessness,” Mattaliano turned to official records to try to find out more about the children.  The father of the McGann family died in 1904, leaving the mother (also named Mary) as the sole support for the two children.  Mattaliano visited her grave in Flushing, taking with him a small potted tree.  The headstone bears the name of her second husband but not that of Mary.

From the visitors lobby of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) you can walk into the “Records of Rights” exhibit in the Rubenstein Gallery.  It is fitting that the design on the ceiling of the entry lobby evokes the Rotunda above.  President Barack Obama described the immigrant experience when he spoke at the Naturalization Ceremony at the National Archives on December 15, 2015.  And he reminded us of those who came to the United States involuntarily as enslaved people.  A powerful reminder of why we need exhibits such as “Records of Rights.”

Bill of Rights Day Naturalization Ceremony, NARA, Obama, Ferriero 121515

President Obama stood in front of the founding documents and spoke of citizenship and national ideals.

“We celebrate this history, this heritage, as an immigrant nation.  And we are strong enough to acknowledge, as painful as it may be, that we haven’t always lived up to our own ideals.  We haven’t always lived up to these documents.

From the start, Africans were brought here in chains against their will, and then toiled under the whip.  They also built America.  A century ago, New York City shops displayed those signs, ‘No Irish Need Apply.’  Catholics were targeted, their loyalty questioned — so much so that as recently as the 1950s and ‘60s, when JFK had to run, he had to convince people that his allegiance wasn’t primarily to the Pope.

Chinese immigrants faced persecution and vicious stereotypes, and were, for a time, even banned from entering America.  During World War II, German and Italian residents were detained, and in one of the darkest chapters in our history, Japanese immigrants and even Japanese American citizens were forced from their homes and imprisoned in camps.  We succumbed to fear.  We betrayed not only our fellow Americans, but our deepest values.  We betrayed these documents.”

It is the willingness to acknowledge what we have done well and done badly that resonates with me.  Not whether you approach the founding documents from a grand staircase, as Andrew Ferguson of The Weekly Standard once did and seems to yearn to do still.  He disliked it but I find beauty in the ground level exit that we all now use as we walk out of the building.

National Archives, Constitution Avenue and exhibits exit, 121515 cr

Walking west from the National Archives on Constitution Avenue takes you to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.  And then onto Theodore Roosevelt Bridge.  After crossing the Potomac River, you can walk from the Iwo Jima Memorial and the Netherlands Carillon into Arlington Cemetery.

The Marshall Drive entrance to the cemetery takes you into Section 27, where the first burials took place during the Civil War.  I used to live three blocks away and often walked in the Cemetery.  The day I finished graduate research in records at the Library of Congress and the National Archives, I walked home from Capitol Hill, almost 5 miles.  A burst of exuberance at almost having that history degree in hand.

The first member of the United States’ armed forces to be buried at Arlington was William Henry Christman on May 13, 1864.  Robert Poole includes his poignant story in “On Hallowed Ground” (video here.)  Among those buried in Section 27 are 1,500 United States Colored Troops.  James Parks, a former slave born on the Arlington estate, dug some of the graves.  He is buried in Section 15.

Arlington Cemetery, Section 27 121315 IMG_0779

Also buried in Arlington Cemetery are some Contrabands, former enslaved people who escaped or were freed by Union troops.  Some lived in Freedman’s Village, established on the Arlington estate in 1863.  U.S. Colored Troops provided protection to fugitives from former slaveowners.  Historians reportedly do not know the exact location of Freedman’s village but believe the site was somewhere in the southern portion of the Custis-Lee estate.

James Parks died in 1929.  Alley slums then still stood in the shadow of the U.S. Capitol.   Independence Avenue still was B Street, SW,  Constitution Avenue was B Street, NW.  I’ll be writing here next month about 4-1/2 Street, SW, described by historians as a border between segregated white and black neighborhoods in the capital city.

8a00429v

Alley dwellings Washington, DC 1934 Library of Congress

Robert Blake, Navy Medal of Honor recipient in 1863, was one of many so-called Contrabands who enlisted and fought on the Union side during the Civil War.   I shared his story in 2012 in “They’re not going anywhere.  They’re Americans.”   The title of my post about the District of Columbia Emancipation Act of 1862 comes from archivist Damani Davis’s account of stories told in records available at NARA.

Last year, I wrote in “I go home to a very different place than you” about a conversation between two National Archives’ employees, a white supervisory archivist and an African-American archives technician.  She listened and learned from him.  I wrote the post about my sister Eva and a colleague after seeing a tweet about discussions of employment and labor issues in an online professional forum.

Eva would have been dismayed to see someone tweet last year of online conversations among archivists, “I want to weep for the future of archives ‘professionals’ & all this ‘diversity privilege’ crap. #shutupandgettowork.”

People have different perspectives and experiences and expectations and political philosophies.  Ideally, we can state where we stand, hope for new insights (shared and gained).  And if nothing else, agree to disagree.  But Ralph Waldo Emerson’s admirable goal–“Let me never fall into the vulgar mistake of dreaming that I am persecuted whenever I am contradicted”–is not always easy to attain.

Washington can be a challenging place to work.  But I still have bursts of exuberance where I’ll take long walks, just as I did towards the end of grad school.  Some of the thoughts I later share here form as I’m walking through the city.  I am lucky I can walk in safe neighborhoods and look at scenes of beauty.

My twin sister Eva and I entered college at the same time.  Mom and Dad weren’t sure how paying tuition would work out as we were growing up.  They saved what they could and hoped for the best.  My parents ended up having not to contribute from their savings.  My family was lucky that we got need-based financial aid.

Eva and I were able to pay our undergraduate tuition with scholarship money and low interest loans under the 1958 National Defense Education Act program.  I worked summer jobs during college and took a fulltime job on graduating.  I paid for grad school out of my salary; tuition costs were not as high then as they are now.

Some us are privileged.  We received assistance, financial or otherwise.  We had mentors (and good role models later, if lucky).  We found jobs at a time when the market was different than now for library, archives, and records jobs.   Or we got  breaks that others did not.  We were in the right place at the right time.    We heard about vacancies as they opened, as I did when I came to work at the National Archives in 1976.  We found jobs where we could rise in rank as our responsibilities increased.

How we spend our money and time is individual.  Consider giving back how and when you can.  The models for doing so are out there.

Kate Theimer AHA panel 010314

In 2011, Kate Theimer (at right) marked her birthday month by asking for spontaneous contributions to an unofficial fund to pay registration fees for the Society of American Archivists (SAA) annual conference.  She has repeated the fund raising effort every year since then, helping students and young professionals in need.  A wonderful way to give back.  And yes, I had tears of joy in my eyes in 2014 as I watched Kate receive an overdue SAA Spotlight Award in Washington.

Terry Baxter and Maarja Krusten, SAA, Washington, 081415In 2011, Terry Baxter offered a series of prizes at his blog if archival and records colleagues contributed $1,000. to SAA’s Mosaic Scholarship Fund by August 26.  We did and he shaved off his trademark beard.  I posted a comment at Beaver Archivist blog–“Fab idea! I love stuff like this. Yeah, archivists definitely are groovy in a far out and happening kind of way.”   That’s a quote from Terry in 2009, a wonderful group hug to the community.

In 2015, Jarrett Drake sought volunteers and monetary donations during the SAA conference for an unofficial oral history project, the People’s Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland.   Because archivists came together, we now can learn from interviews of citizens whose stories otherwise might never have been recorded.

And we saw scenes of beauty on Twitter.  “That’s love” @jmddrake tweeted, as he described a man in the neighborhood giving away his umbrella during the oral history project at a Cleveland community center.  Archivists sat outside in the rain, listening to on and off the record stories of the spectrum of police actions (many bad or horrific, some not) in the community.  Jarrett Drake and Bergis Jules also took part in a discussion of “The Secret Life of Records” during the Diversity Forum at the SAA Conference in Cleveland.

SAA 2015 Bergis Jules, Jarrett Drake

There were two conference recordings I most wanted to hear as a #SAALeftBehind.  One was the Diversity Forum.  The other was AOTUS David S. Ferriero speaking about “Challenges and Opportunities” at the National Archives.

I admire and respect David’s candor in the conference session (“Truth Bomb“).  David, whom I know in person, said some things in session 304 that Friday that needed to be said from Washington, and then some (“Contributing #archives style“).   It says a lot that such candor and insights are rare!

But I only caught glimpses on Twitter of the powerful discussion of diversity issues the day before with Jarrett Drake, Bergis Jules, and others.  The vendor didn’t record the Thursday session.   A discussion of silences, gaps, secrets that many of us wanted or needed to hear was lost to history.

Yesterday, @misterBooth tweeted dismay at learning from a SAA fundraising letter that the Mosaic scholarship fund “is entirely depleted.”  The scholarship’s aim is to promote SAA’s Diversity Strategic Priority.  The yearly award goal is, as “SAA and SAA Foundation budgets permit, up to two scholarships of $5,000 each” to minority students in graduate archival programs.

We’re archivists.  We recognize challenges and opportunities.  President Obama said last Wednesday at the National Archives that our nation is a place

“. . . where we can be a part of something bigger.  A place where we can contribute our talents and fulfill our ambitions and secure new opportunity for ourselves and for others.  A place where we can retain pride in our heritage, but where we recognize that we have a common creed. . . [a place]. . . . .where our children know themselves to be a part of this nation, no longer strangers, but the bedrock of this nation, the essence of this nation.”

We.  Not just I and mine.

What better way to give thanks for what we have, than to listen to others.  And learn how to help them join us, financially and through other support, in preserving as much of the nation’s story as we can!

Everyone

Four years ago, I attended the annual Bill of Rights Day Naturalization Ceremony at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  I messed up a bit because I acted spontaneously.  I simply showed up, cleared security, then told officials in the lobby I was there for the ceremony.  They directed me to a room where they said I could wait.  Others in what turned out to be a holding room were petitioners for citizenship and their families.  After they checked in and received instructions, officials escorted them to the ceremony.

I stayed seated, then got up and asked how I could reach the Rotunda.  “Who are you?” one of the officials asked.  I didn’t know what to say.  Citizen.  Federal employee.  I simply said, “I’m a friend and supporter of the National Archives.”  She told me how to reach the Rotunda.  (This was before I started visiting frequently and learned how to navigate space renovated since I had worked in the building).

David speaking in Rotunda at NARA A1, with Judge Lamberth at right, 121511

I took a seat in the back and watched a deeply moving event at which AOTUS David S. Ferriero gave welcoming remarks and Judge Royce Lamberth presided over the naturalization ceremony.    And I’m glad my awkwardness when I arrived and didn’t express well who I was enabled me to see the petitioners prepare to become citizens.

No two people are alike, of course, we’re shaped by our experiences, whom we’ve known, and our innate characteristics, among other elements.  Even twins, which I was, have shared characteristics and different ones.  My sister, Eva, who died December 16, 2002, loved history and the archival mission.   As NARA employees, we often talked about workplace and people issues.  Our longtime, cherished friend, Tim Mulligan, took the photo of Eva in his office at Archives 2 and of us in 1995.  One characteristic Eva and I shared was not putting on  what for both of us was a mask of gravitas unless we absolutely had to do so!

Evaoffice1995 Maarja and Eva at NARA A2 1995

Eva was more task oriented than I, powering through household chores on the weekend to the point of exhaustion.  I would work on some things, take a break, work some more, take another break.  A mellower approach but one that stretches out getting things done.  Our styles didn’t always mesh when we wanted to go off to do something.  I can still hear Eva saying, “Any time, Maarja!  Let’s go!” as I hurried to finish and head out with her.

Maarja and Eva 1983

As I am, Eva was a people-liking Introvert who cared a great deal about her colleagues.  As a supervisory archivist, she tried to develop employees’ different strengths so they best could contribute and succeed.   I still remember the joy she expressed during one of our walks when she was able to give an employee an exemplary performance review.  She had worked to identify areas where the person could shine–and she succeeded.

Eva thought in terms of “the village” — permanent employees, contractors, everyone who contributed.  And she looked out for the newbies to make sure they did not get left out at social events.

Declass peeps Dec. 16, 1994 celebrating-end-of-ph-i-archives-ii-move-1994-2

Christmas was Eva’s favorite time of year.  She decorated the records declassification area at Archives 2.  And took part in (and often also directed!) party planning.   You see her at Archives 2 in 1994 and with the declassification division director, Jeanne Schauble, in her last full year in Federal service, 2001.

Declass party December 2001 Archives II

An account of the last Christmas party that Eva planned and attended at the National Archives in December 2001 shows how she looked out for others, including her colleagues’ spouses, such as Heidi.  And a new NARA declassification division employee named Pamela Wright.

“Shortly after I sat down, Chuck joined me…Heidi sat near me and Chuck introduced himself to her – she said she had heard a lot about him. I did not realize they had not met. A bit later I was talking with Mary Kay Schmidt and Pamela Wright after Chuck and AJ had gone off, and I decided to involve Heidi in our conversation. (MKS recently rejoined NWMD after being downtown and on detail, PW was hired in the group of archivists this fall when Joe got his job).

. . . .A bit later I circulated, and took some pictures, and by 12:30 I sent Mark and Jeff to get more beer. AJ asked me how things had gone with set up. . . . I told him Ivonne, Mary Kay, Pamela, Meredith, Marina, Richard and Ray had helped set things up. I was checking tables and consolidating newly brought platters, when AJ started MC-ing the ceremonial portion, just as the guys got back with the refilled beer coolers.

AJ named everyone.”

The operations of the declassification team largely remained unseen.  And there was no NDC Blog yet.  But Eva and her colleagues–she also worked on Special Access and FOIA–contributed a great deal to researchers’ understanding of how the Federal government works.   To this day, as NARA declassifies and digitizes Federal records, I look at the declassification stamps to see who worked to make access happen.

Jay Bosanko and Eva Krusten,1995. at NARA A2 Maarja and Jay Bosanko, NARA Gala Dinner, Rotunda, 102815 IMG_0153

One of the colleagues whom Eva mentored, Jay Bosanko, now is Chief Operating Officer of the National Archives.   (You see Jay with Eva in 1995 when he was an archives technician and with me at NARA earlier this Fall.)  In giving an award to Ed Cachine, NARA National Declassification Center employee, Jay said in 2012 that

“the work of the NDC is incredibly important – noble really – and it deserves our very best – we need to stay the course and do what is right, even in the face of immense pressure to deviate.  Ed knows the importance of this and serves as an example for all of us!”

The same is true for all who work to make access happen.  Some of that nobility lies in the equitable nature of the work.  Archivists work to make knowledge available to all.   Not to a favored few.  Or members of a scholarly elite.  But everyone.  They do so knowing that it will be used freely, sometimes as we ourselves might, sometimes very differently.  And accepting that this is what we do here in Washington and throughout the nation.

Earlier this year I thought about putting up a page at my blog with links to resources on how archivists and government information professionals work.  I still may do so.  But watching the livestream of the Naturalization Ceremony at the National Archives yesterday brought together some loose threads for me.

AOTUS David S. Ferriero welcoming remarks, keynote speaker President Obama listening, Naturalization Ceremony, NARA 121515

David Ferriero welcomed the petitioners and talked about the story of the United States of America.  And how that story is told in diverse records, some of which show the journeys to citizenship of countless Americans.  He beautifully linked the past, present, and future, telling the new citizens that their stories now join those of others who came before.  And add to the rich and diverse records held in public trust by NARA.

President Obama speaking at NARA, Bill of Rights Naturalization Ceremony, 121515

President Barack Obama gave the keynote address at the National Archives yesterday after the petitioners took the oath of citizenship.  (NARA staff photographer Jeff Reed took the photo.)  He spoke about values of which I recognized some in my late sister, the child of war refugees.

“We are Americans.  Standing up for each other is what the values enshrined in the documents in this room compels us to do -– especially when it’s hard.  Especially when it’s not convenient.  That’s when it counts. That’s when it matters — not when things are easy, but when things are hard.

The truth is, being an American is hard.  Being part of a democratic government is hard.  Being a citizen is hard.  It is a challenge.  It’s supposed to be.  There’s no respite from our ideals.  All of us are called to live up to our expectations for ourselves — not just when it’s convenient, but when it’s inconvenient.  When it’s tough.  When we’re afraid.”

The President spoke of immigration being our origin story.  He explained,

“Our system of self-government depends on ordinary citizens doing the hard, frustrating but always essential work of citizenship — of being informed.  Of understanding that the government isn’t some distant thing, but is you.”

Those born to immigrant parents–especially those who made wrenching decisions to flee their homeland and leave families behind–often want to give back, to pay it forward, to help others succeed.   After Eva died, then AOTUS John Carlin wrote in a condolence letter sent to my mother and to me that “Eva was as committed a NARA employee as could be found.”

Even during her last year–she knew from the time of her diagnosis in July 2001 that she was terminal–Eva sought to further the agency mission and to help colleagues succeed.  During the last month or so of her life, she would talk to a NARA colleague on the phone.  Or read an email.  And tell me, “I’ll rest a little.  And then see what I can do.”

And soon after that, when I walked to her room, I’d see her at the computer, offering email notes on an unclassified work product.  Or (and this so was Eva at heart) looking over a draft to see how someone best could get a promotion. I’d see her sending advice on how to highlight a colleague’s accomplishments.  She gave a lot of thought to proposed applications for promotion that friends in Declass forwarded to her for review.

“I’ll wait a little” never lasted very long, she wanted to do what she could.

The President is right. Government is not a dehumanized distant thing, it functions for you, due to people who are as human as you are.  And when we enter Federal service, we have opportunities to make it better, to build on the work of our predecessors.  I’ve seen so many people at NARA do that across Democratic and Republican administrations.

NARA, 121515

I’m glad Eva was an officer of the United States.  And a public servant.  Yes, the two go hand in hand in people such as Eva.  Someone who worked on the purpose-driven mission of sharing knowledge of our past–sobering, uplifting, dismaying, inspiring historical events–with her fellow citizens, of the United States, of the world.

Of helping others be informed.  And in her contributions, as so many who went before and who will follow, herself became part of NARA’s story, too.  Part of a beautiful, often noble, team of very different people working together.

We don’t always know how to describe ourselves.  But we do know where we want to go.  And we truly are lucky, when we have good people in our lives who help us on the journey.

The social quilt: pieces, patterns


Saturday morning, Nick Blackbourn shared a link to an article from Study Hacks Blog (Decoding Patterns of Success).   The author of “Deep Habits:  The Dangers of Pseudo-Depth” looked at two scenarios for handling workplace projects with deadlines.  In one, the writer unplugs and takes a walk at the start of the day.  She then visits a library, tries a draft, decides it still is too muddled, goes to a coffee shop, jots down some thoughts, returns to the library, and then to her office to write out the final.  She only checks her email when she arrives in the office.

In the other scenario, she gets up in the morning, checks her email and sends off some replies from home, then goes directly to her office and with occasional breaks to check email, powers through her writing assignment.  The first scenario produces deeper writing because her brain has the time and space to get up to speed on the topic and stay in high gear.

“Let the hard task sink in and marinate. Push through the initial barrier of boredom and get to a point where your brain can do what it’s probably increasingly craving in our distracted world: to think deeply.”

Not everyone can unplug that way at the start of the day.  Some jobs are 24/7, especially at the higher ranks.  But there’s something to be said for letting issues marinate.  As I’ve noted, some (long-since retired) federal senior executives I knew once talked to me about the importance of “thinking time” in their over-scheduled professional lives.

And getting out for a walk or a run can help center us, as David S. Ferriero pointed out in 1982 in “Burnout at the Reference Desk.”   This was long before he took charge of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  He wrote it as a Supervisory Librarian at the humanities library at MIT.

David’s article resonated with me and many librarians and archivists because it wasn’t didactic or theoretical.  He described a very real workplace where employees and managers face different challenges.  David pointed to the value of understanding how working conditions affect you yourself.  And taking what you’ve learned and using it to help others deal with workplace issues.  Regarding problems, I especially like his recognition of the nod from the group that it’s “alright to have those feelings.”  Nowadays, that nod may come on Social Media, especially on Twitter.

I found refreshing Ferriero’s 1982 discussion of options for supervisors and employees.  He candidly described pros and cons of several approaches to looking out for signs of workplace burnout.  David may no longer be a Supervisory Librarian (although he’s still willing to get up on a ladder!).  But some of the same practical, other-centered ethos comes through in the Supervisors Handbook that NARA issued in 2014.  Including taking responsibility for your decisions and actions–and fixing what didn’t work out as intended!  Yup, that’s part of “being bold.”  The photos of the Big Dude, aka AOTUS, are from the pancake flipping contest at the NARA staff party on Thursday.

NARA staff holiday party, Trevor Plante, David Ferriero, 121015 David Ferriero, cleaning ceiling after pancake flipping contest, NARA party, 121015

Not everyone is as lucky as I in having comfortable places to walk in Washington.   And safe spaces to share some (not all!) of my thoughts online.  I apply message discipline and keep some of my thoughts to myself in online social space.  It’s important to recognize the limits of openness when we talk about public engagement and collaboration.

Canadian Embassy 120815 Maarja at NARA, 120815

Respecting what can and cannot be done out in the open is key to using social tools effectively.   And people need to recognize themselves in offered scenarios.  As Ashley Stevens once observed, diverse people have different preferences for communications.  Including talking through some issues one-on-one with friends and colleagues and supervisors.

Last week, @aseriouslady tweeted from the archives and library perspective about legacies.  She observed thoughtfully of those of us privileged to work with and study these issues and to engage on them online,

“It’s only just now dawning on me that the selves we leave behind when we die will be myriad and fractured as a result of social media.

Mementos have changed to reflect a more complete self (text msg, video, chat, email, &c.) but also require reconciliation with the whole.

I imagine it somewhat like trying to piece a quilt back together without a pattern. The shapes could form many patterns.

It changes the nature of ‘leaving a legacy’ though. We don’t have the same control (however limited) over the perception others have of us.

So there are respects in which the image is both more and less true to the self it represents.

More true because there is qualitatively more (& more authentic) data offering varied but still self-generated perspectives on the deceased.

Less true because those perspectives may be out-of-line with the way the [deceased] wished to be perceived: the ‘legacy’ as we know it.”

Her tweets focused on themes that interest me.  What do and can we really know about the subjects we study?  Are our interpretations fair?  How reliable is the evidence?  Are we taking into account gaps (including economic and technological ones) and silence?

How do various people tweet?  What do their word choices mean? Do they tweet and blog strategically?  Or spontaneously?  Or in a combination of the two?  How do their social choices affect engagement in learning and teaching?  And what affects the internal and external impact of corporate social media output in the public and private sector?

As I started this post Saturday morning, @jmddrake tweeted a link to a McSweeney’s piece that demonstrated the importance of word choices and the impact of ambiguity.   The author of “An Interactive Guide to Ambiguous Grammar” took the phrase “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” and demonstrated in repeated revisions how word changes affect meaning.   The #BlackLivesMatter final version is sobering.

Jarrett and I have talked on Twitter about records management implications in some of these issues.  And he and Bergis Jules discussed some of them this year at the Society of American Archivists conference.  As a #SAALeftBehind, I looked forward to listening to the conference recording. I respect and want to learn from what Bergis and Jarrett are doing.  To my dismay, the vendor did not record the diversity forum!

SAA 2015 Bergis Jules, Jarrett Drake

A recent Twitter conversation about the killing of Laquan McDonald reminds us that sometimes we can trace what happened in records.  At other times, we end up largely with the press release version and have to seek answers elsewhere.  As one of the Twitter participants observed, sometimes archivist and records manager obligations do not align exactly.   This can be difficult for information professionals to discuss “out in the open,” especially if protecting an employer (or one’s own job) is a situational element.

I wrote about gaps in records this summer after I posted on the Archives & Archivists Listserv about Bergis Jules’s curation of  #BlackLivesMatter tweets.  My post led to an onlist inquiry from another subscriber about preserving the voices of the Tea Party movement.  I still post to the Listserv from time to time but keep in mind that others with whom I engage elsewhere no longer do.

I recently read an #OpenLabWorkshop Slideshare on change by Michael Edson, Smithsonian Institution Web and New Media Strategist.  I followed the hashtag earlier this month.  I had registered to attend some Open Lab sessions but a last minute retirement luncheon for a friend at MPOW led me to change my plans.

I found the energy and synergy in the #OpenLabWorkshop Twitter conversations exciting.  Edson’s presentation conveyed that well.  But my reason for not attending the event in Crystal City reminded me that effective and sustainable cultural change depends less on “change experts” than on the person at the top of an organization.  The people in his or her care are highly diverse.  Who they are often defies easy categorization and classification.

That’s why I support a “no labels” approach to discussing what I prefer to call “change un-management.”  And avoiding barrier terms such as “resistance” and “fear.”  In fact, I’d like to see more presenters acknowledge the incredible sensitivities that surround what effectively are publicly shared indirect case studies of one’s own colleagues.  People who can’t offer their own perspectives on speakers’ views of cultural change throughout the ranks.

That conference speakers discuss change in venues that promote openness and inclusion can add stress and cognitive dissonance for the silent subjects of workplace change case studies.  This applies to conference sessions on other topics, too–such as diversity.  We need to listen when our colleagues tell us, “I go home to a very different place than you.”

In the Social Media age, you’re not just talking to the group in the room.  You’re talking to countless unknown people who may see what you said, directly or as summarized by others.  I’ll look at the diversity issue in a forthcoming post.  This one focuses on organizational change.

A good way to prepare public presentations on change is to imagine colleagues sitting in the room along with the change agents attending your session.  Not the early adopter colleagues.  But the ones who haven’t bought into change yet but still may be reachable.   Picture the head of your organization, whose success depends on people embracing his or her change vision, sitting there, as well.  He or she hears from employees across the workplace spectrum.  Your pitch needs to bring together as many of them as you can.

Words and phrasing matter greatly.  Look at what I’ve done in this post.  By introducing Jarrett Drake by his Twitter handle, identifying open lab workshops by hashtag, and using the acronym for My Place of Work, I signal, “hey, I’m comfortable on Twitter.”   That can be a bonding mechanism–or it can be distancing.

A couple of years ago, before it imploded over education and labor issues, I posted to the Archives and Archivists Listserv and used YMMV.  A reader wrote me offline to ask what it means.   Most of the people in my Twitter community are comfortable asking each other, “Hey, what’s that?”  I’m glad the Listserv subscriber did so, too, although privately.  I had used YMMV for a breezy effect.  But it just as well could be interpreted (rightly or wrongly) as a coded reference to me preferring “my other community” where we chat in 140 character bursts.  A reminder of diverse interpretations.

Use of jargon requires careful consideration.   There are no easy answers to some communications conundrums.  Situational imbalances play a role here, as well.  People in outwards facing functions have the microphone.  They do the marketing (sometimes of their own accomplishments!) as the face of the employer.  People in back office functions rarely are heard.  Yet both perform critically important jobs.

The same terms that bond and energize functional practitioners inside and outside government (“disruption,” “skunk works,” “idea lab,” “liberating records”) can unwittingly create barriers across functions inside an employing organization.  This especially is the case if interpretations may conflict or are subject to various meanings.

“Liberating records” can mean finding technology solutions outside a cultural organization.  Or other contributions by the crowd.  Or transcription or scanning by the public.  But it also can mean the ability of employees to process records professionally and to strive for integrity-based disclosure review and declassification.  Or records appraisal.

You see references to the repetitive labor in public service in a 2013 letter from Council 260 of the American Federation of Government Employees, which represents employees in the NARA bargaining unit.  I linked to the union letter to David about NARA’s draft Strategic Plan two years ago in “Archivesland, seeing is believing.”  The best place to read about the final Strategic Plan is at AOTUS blog, as I explained the next year in “Because it is the future!”

Consideration of the impact of in-group jargon doesn’t just apply to Social Media and engagement experts.  Traditional archival functions have their own jargon, too.  “Equity holders,” “exemptions,” “public interest balancing test.”   And “scope and content note.”  And even “finding aid.”  Some of the most enjoyable conversations I see on Twitter are focused on improving the user experience.  Reducing semantic barriers depends on empathy and finding balance.

Respect for “the unlike” (people in functions different from yours) and humility can do wonders in creating what most is needed in cultural change.  In my experience, being able to relax, sit back, and absorb the purpose of new initiatives depends on feeling respected.  And it’s always worth keeping in mind the contributions of colleagues in functions other than your own.

Easy to do, if you believe, as I do, that it really does “take a village!”

Where we look

On Tuesday, December 2, 2015, I walked up to the Rotunda from the lobby of the museum side of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).   An elevator near the stairs provides alternative access to the main exhibits.  It was after hours and I was at NARA for a holiday reception.  Christmas is my favorite time of year.  I have many good memories of it, some associated with friends and family, some with the National Archives.

NARA, steps from visitors lobby to Rotunda level 120215 NARA holiday reception 120215

I started my job at the National Archives and Records Service (as it then was known) on December 6, 1976.   I should have started in November but I couldn’t get a two-week release from my prior Federal job.  Trudy Peterson, one of the NARS officials who interviewed me in the fall of 1976, put me at ease by telling me, “You can be our Christmas present!”  It was a kind welcome for a history major embarking on her dream job.  Of course, I wore my old badge from 1977 on Tuesday!  You see behind me the Rubenstein Gallery in the visitors lobby space that was redesigned in 2013.

maarjas-nars-suitland-badge-1977-cropped1 Maarja, NARA, Holiday reception and shopping event, 120215

I left the reception in the lobby during the middle of the holiday event last week to go upstairs so I could look at some documents.  Last month, the National Archives put the Refugee Act of 1980 on display in a temporary case in the West Rotunda Gallery.  In “Frame of Reference” I wrote about its significance to my family and how my parents had come to the United State as refugees after World War II.  Both left their homeland in Europe to flee totalitarian rule.

As I walked up the steps, I thought about a 2014 review by Andrew Ferguson of the “Records of Rights” permanent exhibit and the overall National Archives’ museum experience.  Public disagreement and the ability to offer differing perspectives is a part of being a citizen here, unlike in the country my parents fled at the end of the war.

Ferguson complained that the approach to the exhibits no longer was as grand as he remembered it being through the 1990s.  Writing from a perspective that to me seemed to reflect some ableism, he observed

“The Archives is still one of the premier attractions for tourists in Washington, but visitors no longer make such a grand ascent. They’re not allowed to. As at the Capitol building and the Supreme Court, unauthorized citizens can no long-er climb the broad staircase outside to enter through the bronze doorways. Instead, as at the Capitol and the Supreme Court, they gain access around the back of the building, on the bottom floor, and then once admitted they get to the ceremonial spaces by the backstairs, like a scullery maid.”

I find that there is no shame in working as a maid or in a similar position.  And physical elements such as grand staircases mean less to me than ease of access for diverse people.  And what they as individuals bring into the space they enter.  That differs from person to person.  My focus on Tuesday was on what I cherish and why.

When my well-educated parents arrived in the United States as refugees displaced by war, they were grateful for whatever jobs they could get.  And they were very, very lucky that their economic circumstances soon improved.  Not everyone is as fortunate in the opportunities they find.

My mother initially worked as a housekeeper in Long Island, cooking, cleaning, and caring for the children of an upper middle-class family.  Before finding a job with the Voice of America (VOA) at the Department of State in New York City, my father (a journalist and novelist) worked as a night clerk in a seedy hotel and as a watchman at a construction site in Harlem.

Mom and Dad with us, in good handsWhen my twin sister and I were born, my father was between jobs.  Unemployed.   Due to the required waiting period, my parents didn’t become naturalized citizens until after they moved to Washington as VOA became a component in the newly established United States Information Agency (USIA).   My sister and I were U.S. citizens from the time we were born in Manhattan.  Birthright citizenship, as it is called.

The photo shows my family in Central Park where my parents liked to walk.  Free recreational activities meant a lot to them even after their economic circumstances improved.  As is the case with many members of the World War II generation, my Mom still is frugal.  She recycles, considers the environment, and looks to keep household costs under control.

As a child, most of the clothing my late sister and I wore was sewn by my talented Mom, pictured with me last month at Thanksgiving.  I admire her resilience and continued cheerfulness despite increasing infirmity and limitations in old age.  As with many who had to flee their native lands, she always has displayed some ethnic decorative objects (you see some in the photo) while cherishing the United States as the nation that gave her comfortable refuge.

Maarja and Edla, Thanksgiving, 112715 IMG_0526

Their humble job experiences when they first came to the U.S. didn’t diminish my Mom and Dad as human beings.  (I never heard them grumble about that as they shared reminiscences.)  And I didn’t feel any less a citizen last Tuesday for not walking into the Rotunda up a grand staircase.  Far from it!  My mind was on where I was headed and why, not how I got there.  I was thinking about the deeply moving naturalization ceremony I witnessed as a visitor to the Rotunda four years ago.  AOTUS David Ferriero welcomed the new citizens for whom Judge Royce Lamberth administered the oath on December 15, 2011.

David speaking in Rotunda at NARA A1, with Judge Lamberth at right, 121511

Before visiting the Rotunda Galleries during last week’s reception, I had wonderful chats on the lobby level with NARA photographer Jeff Reed and David Ferriero.  Jeff took the photo of the Refugee Act that David used in the blog post I mentioned in “Frame of Reference.”  I told him how much I liked that.

refugee-act-on-display

As in many archives museums, preservation considerations mean visitors may not take photographs of exhibits at NARA.    All the more reason for me to be grateful that I was able to take pictures of my favorite exhibit, “Records of Rights,” at a tweet up in December 2013.   NARA shares many good images on Social Media.  “Records of Rights” is featured, along with other exhibits, in Jeff’s photos of a wonderful genealogy camp at NARA this past July.

Records of Rights, genealogy camp, July 2015, photo by Jeff Reed

NARA Genealogy Camp July 2015 A1

NARA Genealogy Camp, July 2015 A1

Andrew Ferguson found much to dislike in “Records of Rights.”  He grumbled,

“In keeping with today’s curatorial fashion, the Archives museum is pitched to the intelligence and attentiveness of a slightly unruly 12-year-old boy. Wide aisles and open spaces accommodate running, skipping, and scampering, and the muted, pinpoint lighting offers many shadows from which to pounce on unsuspecting classmates.”

And he didn’t think the exhibit in the Rubenstein Gallery provided a good foundation for viewing the Charters in the Rotunda Gallery.  I disagreed, as I explained in “Climbing the Steps, Working the Steps,” my rebuttal to Andrew Ferguson.  To me the challenges, change, and ongoing evolution displayed in the Records of Rights exhibit embody the spirit of the nation.

Records of Rights exhibit poster, NARA Shuttle stop, 7th Street, 062515

Slavery and Emancipation section of Records of Rights exhibit

I’m glad I have this platform to offer such rebuttals.  But I hesitated a long time before launching my blog on December 6, 2010.  I first thought about starting a blog in 2008-2009 but the time wasn’t right.   I had to work through my conflicting reactions to what I was seeing in the blogosphere back then.

I’m grateful to Kate Theimer, Lance Stuchell, Rebecca Goldman, Maureen Callahan, Terry Baxter, Danelle Orange, and others who then led by example in blogging.  Most of all, to Kate for showing at Archivesnext how to “put yourself out there.”  (I especially admired how she handled critics–we all will have them!–with grace and class and fortitude, remaining true to herself.)

I learned a lot during 2008-2009 by watching @archivesnext work through her ideas about the past, present and future.  Kate taught me about the value of blogging as developmental, flexible, an expression of learning as well as teaching–a work in progress.   And Kate provided safe space for those who made mistakes at times (raises hand).  She let me learn from my errors, as others I respect have, as well.

I sometimes laugh on Twitter that I should call my blog MaarjaNARA.  I admire the archival mission, in its transcendence and in its dissonance, both.  I support the Charter for Change that David and the team issued five years ago.  And I respect the employees of all ranks in diverse units who work on a challenging mission.  “Noble, really,” as Chief Operating Officer Jay Bosanko once said.

In many ways, I am in a different place in 2015 than I was in 2010 when I launched Nixonara.  How to handle the firmness or certitude that readers may look for in advocacy or in sharing professional or personal experiences with the fairness owed to different, even conflicting, perspectives on the matter at hand can be a challenge for me!  That’s one reason I increasingly try to accept chaos and dissonance.  I try to do my best and definitely learn lessons and adjust.  But I’ll never be perfect, no more than anyone else.

I found it deeply moving to look at the Refugee Act after hours at NARA on Tuesday.  I walked from the West Rotunda Gallery to the main Rotunda exhibit space, where a few other holiday reception guests were looking at the Charters.  I looked at the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.  I shook hands with the guards on duty (an African-American woman to the left of the exhibit case, an African-American man to the right).  I talked to the guards about the documents they were protecting for us and I thanked them.  And walked back down the stairs to the reception.

It was a beautiful evening in Washington.

Space, ambiguity and clarity

As archivists, librarians, and historian-archivists, we share knowledge but do so within the limitations of our holdings, which may contain gaps and silences.  How researchers assess and use information and how they engage with us is up to them (“Who’s in?“).  Especially for historian-archivists, but also for others in knowledge sharing professions, that this is so can get complicated at times.  Sometimes, All The Things don’t fit together neatly.  It isn’t always easy to  embrace chaos or at least learn to accept dissonance.

An archival visionary whom I admire, Kate Theimer, touched on transcendence in a speech on participatory archives in January 2014.  For many archivists and librarians, sharing knowledge is a key component in performing purpose-driven work.  Our focus is on access to records about the past–and for some of us, ensuring preservation of diverse information about the present, as well.   We sometimes feel transcendence yet we recognize discordance, too.  Part of that requires keeping some of our thoughts to ourselves.   Safe space becomes all the more precious, as a result!

In professional settings, in the physical or virtual research room, we sometimes hear users of records offer theories about events they are studying.  My archival training was that it’s not our job–as representatives of our employing organization–to debate interpretation with individual external users of records while we’re on duty.

This isn’t due to our being Introverts, although many of us are.  (Hold that thought!)   Rather, we see staying on the sidelines as part of providing access to information and knowledge to a diverse group in public service.  (With internal workplace research, reasonable debate is good.  Hold that thought, too!)

I read many books based on records held in the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  Some are by academics, some by journalists, some by former government officials, some by public policy or political advocates.  Recently, observations about nuance and complexity caught my eye in a review of a book based on some of those records.

In a November 2015 post on H-Net’s H-Diplo Listserv, historian Luke Nichter reviews William Burr and Jeffrey Kimball’s Nixon’s Nuclear Specter.   Luke’s assessment of research materials and the actions of those under study resonates with me.

“The decent interval theory also deserves a more nuanced look, especially now that many more of Nixon’s White House tapes are available for research. Until recently scholars have tended to use the Nixon tapes far too selectively to bolster particular viewpoints while ignoring evidence to the contrary. Based on my own work with the Nixon tapes that have touched on this subject, I would suggest that the picture is more complicated. Too much reliance on any single explanation can result in overly simplistic conclusions.”

Luke points out that actions and reactions evolve and change.  That’s as much the case in the Oval Office as in other workplaces.

“There are days on the tapes that suggest that the decent interval theory does not adequately explain Nixon and Kissinger’s frustrated attitude; at times they speak of desiring no interval at all other than the duration necessary to quickly withdraw troops and POWs. In addition, their thinking evolves over time. For example, following Nixon’s groundbreaking visit to China during late February 1972, the tenor and content of their discussions seems much closer to support for the idea of a decent interval theory. But before then, Nixon and Kissinger’s moods could swing wildly depending on how the war was going. Their feelings about the war revolved around–and responded to–the latest casualty figures, news media coverage, political polls, and reports from the field. Some days they were up and some days they were down.”

As good historians do, and Eric Foner reminded us in a recent public program at NARA, Luke understands that living through events as a decision maker can be more chaotic than some retrospective examinations suggest.  And that the content of records answers some questions but not others.  Recognizing such reticence is a part of doing historical research.

I had the pleasure of hearing Luke and Douglas Brinkley speak about The Nixon Tapes, 1971-1972 at NARA on August 8, 2014.   (The follow-up volume for 1973 was published this autumn.)  My companions at the book lecture included other archivists, Fred Graboske and Cary McStay among them.  Rod Ross, whom I featured in my last blog post, also sat with us in the McGowan Theater.

Fred Graboske, Cary McStay, Maarja Krusten, Luke Nichter, Douglas Brinkley, NARA 080814

Luke’s recognition of complexity reflects the historian’s “Habits of Mind” that Anthony Grafton and James Grossman discussed in an essay a year ago.  In December 2014, I looked at what Grafton and Grossman wrote about the scholarly mindset.   They pointed to the value of having an open mind, of listening, and of questioning assumptions.

“. . . .in the archive the historian has the opportunity and the obligation to listen. A good historian enters the archive not to prove a hypothesis, not to gather evidence to support a position that assumptions and theories have already formed. But to answer a question. It’s an amazing experience to see and talk with and learn from the dead.”

Grafton and Grossman see empathy as an element in seeking to understand past events.

“Someone who becomes a historian becomes a scholar—not in the sense of choosing a profession, but in the broader meaning of developing the scholarly habits of mind that value evidence, logic, and reflection over ideology, emotion, and reflex. A student of history learns that empathy, rather than sympathy, stands at the heart of understanding not only the past but also the complex present.”

There’s a spectrum in use of archival records from aspirationally objective scholarship to veiled or clear advocacy to simply partisan “opposition research.”  Sometimes researchers use records for knowledge.  Sometimes for advocacy.  Sometimes as an objective historian does.  Sometimes as a demagogue does.  And sometimes people who participated in or were affected by events discover themselves in the archives.

When we say that the future of archives is participatory, we’re looking at the contributions users of records can make to their use and understanding.  We share contextual information about how and why they were created.  They share personal or specialized knowledge.  Some of this now plays out in public.

Earlier this week, I saw someone tweet to @USNatArchives about an article about World War II.  A U.S. Army Air Force (as it then was) veteran stated that an archival photograph was reversed.  The Tweeter asked if NARA could switch it.  The thoughtful reply from @USNatArchives was that if the photo came into the holdings that way from the creating entity, then it was a record, as is.  But that annotation might be possible.   I read the tweets as a low key, organic two-way learning opportunity on display in public.

That this occurred on Social Media is thanks to the Big Dude, aka AOTUS David S. Ferriero.  David, whom I wouldn’t meet in person and come to know, like and admire until a year later, launched a blog in 2010.  That the Archivist of the United States was blogging was noteworthy!  Kate Theimer (a writing and learning role model for many of us) wrote about it at Archivesnext.  And Jennifer Howard took note at the Chronicle of Higher Education at which she then worked.

Among the blog posts that drew the most comments at AOTUS blog was one in 2011 in which David talked about being an Introvert.  Many archivists and librarians are, as well, I among them.  So, too, Ashley Stevens, pictured with David this year and with me last year.

David Ferriero and Ashley Stevens, 072415 courtesy Ashley Stevens  maarja-krusten-and-ashley-stevens-saa-20142c-081514-1

This week, Ashley wrote at her blog about outreach and coping mechanisms for Introverts.

“Outreach is tough.  And, [it] isn’t for the weary or the cautious person.  One way my job and, to a greater extent, outreach challenges me is unpacking all of my introversion.  To be clear, I think anyone and everyone should do outreach.

However, for the introverted folk among us, don’t let your introverted tendencies keep you from embarking on this career path if that’s your passion. I’m an introvert but I also do outreach.  The biggest challenge I’ve faced is the near constant people drain.  You have to engage with people.  Sometimes when you feel like it and other times when you don’t.  In the first couple of months of my new job, I left work drained with a massive headache and desperately craving uninterrupted silence.

I’ve learned to cope a number of ways.  First, I actually take my 15 minute breaks and go for walks a la NixoNARA.  The weather in Texas is pretty nice and the surroundings near my office building are covered with sidewalks and trees.  Or, taking an environmental break from the office and going out to lunch either at a nearby cafe or a picnic.”

I admire Ashley for facing these issues and sharing her insights in public!    Her tips on public speaking, overcoming nerves, and working as what she terms  “a people-liking Introvert” have helped me and others.  So, too, what David Ferriero wrote in 1982 about “Burnout at the Reference Desk.”  (I shared his article with many archivists and librarians in 2014.  We had some wonderful one on one conversations about it.)  And yes, Introverts definitely need breaks and space to recharge!

Reflecting pool, mallards and Washington Monument, sunset 112515

NARA 112415 museum side

I’m lucky that even in downtown Washington, D.C. I have beautiful places to walk on Capitol Hill and along the Mall.  Sometimes I take breaks to recharge.  Sometimes I walk after work so I can let my thoughts wander as I listen to music and look at the sights.    Sometimes, things fall into place as my mind wanders.  At other times, I let go and accept dissonance rather than trying to fit All The Things into a narrative that fits together tidily.

The people side of managing technological change has been a theme here–and earlier at ArchivesMatter(s), which I launched in April 2010.  Such blogging puts our development and struggles on display.

I like many of the goals in NARA’s Charter for Change, which I support.   But some of my friends who work (or then worked) at NARA in 2011 and 2012 told me internal discussion of some Transformation issues seemed “third rail” to them.  This especially was the case with technology and Social Media, areas that some NARA staff then told me they saw as the domain of “Ferriero’s favorites.”

NARA’s cultural shift raised for some longtime employees perceptions of a new dominant group.  The high visibility of this group itself was new to NARA, as for many in what we now call GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums.)  Processing archivists traditionally work in the background, most of their labor not on display.  In his comments at an IMLS Focus Session this April, David Ferriero pointed to the importance of recognizing the value and contributions of staff in traditional and creative functions, both.  Yes!

I’ve spent some time reading books on managing change and raising questions about it here at my blog, especially in 2013.  What I’ve found is that as with history, there is clarity in some areas, ambiguity in others.

I liked much of what I read in 2013 in John Kotter’s work (David has referenced it) and that of Neil Coleman.    Cass Sunstein offers useful insights in some of his books, as well.  What I’ve read since 2013 resonated more for me than the old William Bridges model some NARA officials turned to ten years ago when top management sought buy-in for a new electronic records archive.

Describing employees as “afraid” of change, and using negative characterizations (such as “resistance”) in public presentations sent up red flags for me when I heard presentations in 2006 from NARA based on Bridges work.   Bridges highlights the need to listen.  But managers need to recognize when the employee feels pressure to conform, hide his or her questions, or adopt a disguise.

Dogs and kitty as a dog

looked in 2014 at my longtime frustration with the Bridges model in “Relax! Be foolish. Counter-cultural change un-management.”  In my view

“A much better and more neutral way to look at change is to think in terms of buy in.  And to look at where listeners are in terms of a spectrum where they may shift forward, back, forward again, rather than distinct phases of the type Bridges applied.  This means embracing change as chaotic.”

The greatest gift we can give others is safe space.

Cat friend neighborhood walk Dog friend during January walk, 2015

I’m grateful to those who let me find it.  Those walks Ashley and I and other Introverts enjoy help me see that.  And we appreciate those who walk with us. And let us walk with them.