Tax policy in Nevada
| Tax policy in Nevada | |
| Tax rates in 2015 | |
| Personal income tax: No state income tax | |
| State sales tax: 6.85% | |
| Corporate income tax: No corporate income tax | |
| Tax revenues in 2014 | |
| Total tax collections:[1] $7.143 billion | |
| Tax collections per capita:[1] $2,516 | |
| Rank:[1] 31 | |
| Total state expenditures • State debt • Nevada state budget and finances | |
Tax policy can vary significantly from state to state. States levy taxes to help fund the variety of services provided by state governments. Tax collections comprise approximately 40 percent of the states' total revenues. The rest comes from non-tax sources, such as intergovernmental aid (e.g., federal funds), lottery revenues and fees. The primary types of taxes levied by state governments include personal income tax, general sales tax, excise (or special sales) taxes and corporate income tax.[4]
| HIGHLIGHTS | |
Tax rates
Personal income tax
- See also: Personal income tax
Nevada does not levy a personal income tax.[6][7][8]
The table below summarizes personal income tax rates for Nevada and neighboring states in 2015. Numerical rankings are tabulated by excluding states with no personal income tax (as well as New Hampshire and Tennessee, which charge income tax only on dividends and interest) and are based on the highest possible tax rate for which an individual might be liable. Because some states are excluded from the rankings and a few share common uppermost rates, there are 34 numerical rankings, with 1 indicating the highest uppermost rate and 34 indicating the lowest.[7]
| Personal income tax rates, 2015 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Tax rates | Number of brackets | Brackets | Ranking | ||
| Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | |||
| Nevada | No state income tax | |||||
| California | 1% | 12.3% | 9 | $7,749 | $519,687 | 1 |
| Oregon | 5% | 9.9% | 4 | $3,350 | $137,650 | 3 |
| Washington | No state income tax | |||||
| Utah | 5% | 5% | 1 | Flat rate | 25 | |
| Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below. Source: Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015 | ||||||
Personal exemptions
States that collect a personal income tax allow individuals to claim personal exemptions on income taxes each year. The personal exemption indicates that only a person's income above a certain level is subject to taxation. A federal exemption began in 1913 when it was set at $3,000 (or nearly $67,000 in 2011 dollars). The income level rose to only $3,700 as of 2011, which means the exemption was at an overall lower value than in 1913. However, other features—such as regular deductions and tax credits—were added to the exemption, partially offsetting the decline in value.[9]
Exemptions work by reducing the amount of an individual's taxable income. Both state and federal taxes allow exemptions. The state exemptions for Nevada and its neighboring states as reported by the Tax Policy Center are reported in the chart below.[10]
Since Nevada does not levy a state income tax, the chart below is presented for context.
| Personal exemptions, 2015 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Single | Married | Dependents |
| Nevada | No state income tax | ||
| California (a) | $108 | $216 | $333 |
| Oregon (a) | $194 | $388 | $194 (n) |
| Washington | No state income tax | ||
| Utah | (t) | ||
| Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below. Source: Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015 t) Utah provides a tax credit equal to 6% of the federal personal exemption amounts (and applicable standard deduction). | |||
Capital gains tax
- See also: Capital gains tax
A capital gains tax is a tax levied on the profit gleaned from the sale of a capital asset. Examples of capital assets include stocks, businesses, land parcels, homes, personal items and more. Capital gains are taxable at both the federal and state levels. While the federal government taxes capital gains at a lower rate than regular personal income, states usually tax capital gains at the same rates as regular income. Nevada does not levy a personal income or capital gains tax. The combined uppermost federal and state tax rates totaled 25 percent, ranking 42nd highest in the nation.[11][12][13]
The table below summarizes uppermost capital gains tax rates for Nevada and neighboring states in 2015.
| Uppermost capital gains tax rates by state, 2015 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | State uppermost rate | Combined uppermost rate | Ranking |
| Nevada | 0% | 25% | 42 |
| California | 13.30% | 33% | 1 |
| Oregon | 9.90% | 31% | 3 |
| Washington | 0% | 25% | 42 |
| Utah | 5% | 28% | 26 |
| U.S. AVERAGE | 28.70% | ||
| Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below. Source: Tax Foundation, "The High Burden of State and Federal Capital Gains Tax Rates," accessed September 29, 2015 | |||
Sales tax
- See also: Sales tax
Almost all states employ a statewide sales tax, which ranges from 2.9 percent in Colorado to 7.5 percent in California. Additionally, many states allow the levying of local sales taxes, which are then added to the state's tax.
Nevada's state sales tax was 6.85 percent in 2015. The average local tax was about 1.09 percent, meaning that the average combined sales tax was about 7.94 percent. This was the 13th highest combined sales tax in the country in 2015, and was the median, or third highest, among its neighboring states. The table below displays the state tax rates, average local tax rates, and average combined tax rates for Nevada and its neighboring states.
| Combined sales tax rates, 2015 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | State sales tax | Average local sales tax (a) | Combined | Ranking |
| Nevada | 6.85% | 1.09% | 7.94% | 13 |
| California (b) | 7.50% | 0.94% | 8.44% | 8 |
| Oregon | None | None | None | 47 |
| Washington | 6.50% | 2.39% | 8.89% | 5 |
| Utah (b) | 5.95% | 0.73% | 6.68% | 28 |
| "(a) City, county, and municipal rates vary. These rates are weighted by population to compute an average local tax rate. (b) Three states levy mandatory, statewide, local add-on sales taxes: California (1%), Utah (1.25%), Virginia (1%). We include these in their state sales taxes." | ||||
The sales tax rate in Nevada for tax year 2015 was 6.85 percent, but was scheduled to decrease to 6.50 percent on July 1, 2015. The table below summarizes sales tax rates for Nevada and neighboring states in 2015. The table also notes the state's policy with respect to types of items commonly exempted from sales tax (i.e., food, prescription drugs and nonprescription drugs).[14]
| Sales tax rates, 2015 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Sales tax rate | Exemption status | ||
| Food | Prescription drugs | Nonprescription drugs | ||
| Nevada | 6.85% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable |
| California | 7.50% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable |
| Oregon | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Washington | 6.50% | Exempt | Exempt | Taxable |
| Utah | 5.95% | 1.75% | Exempt | Taxable |
| Source: Tax Policy Center, "Sales Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 30, 2015 | ||||
Excise taxes
- See also: Excise taxes
Excise taxes, also known as selective sales or differential commodity taxes, are levied for the sales of specific goods or services. Excise taxes are considered indirect taxes because they are not charged directly to individuals. In most cases, the excise tax is paid by the producer or seller of an item. The cost of the tax is then included in the sale price of the item and passed on to the consumer. The tables below provide excise tax rates for motor fuel, alcohol and cigarettes in Nevada and neighboring states. In Nevada, excise tax revenues comprised 26.1 percent of total tax collections in 2013.[15][16][17][18]
| Fuel excise tax rates, 2015 (in cents per gallon) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Gasoline | Diesel | Gasohol | ||||||
| Excise tax | Other taxes | Total tax | Excise tax | Other taxes | Total tax | Excise tax | Other taxes | Total tax | |
| Nevada | 23¢ | 0.805¢ | 23.805¢ | 27¢ | 0.75¢ | 27.75¢ | 23¢ | 0.805¢ | 23.8¢ |
| California | 36¢ | 6.5¢ | 42.5¢ | 11¢ | 27¢ | 38¢ | 36¢ | 6.5¢ | 42.5¢ |
| Oregon | 30¢ | 0¢ | 30¢ | 30¢ | 0¢ | 30¢ | 30¢ | 0¢ | 30¢ |
| Washington | 37.5¢ | 0¢ | 37.5¢ | 37.5¢ | 0¢ | 37.5¢ | 37.5¢ | 0¢ | 37.5¢ |
| Utah | 24.5¢ | 0¢ | 24.5¢ | 24.5¢ | 0¢ | 24.5¢ | 24.5¢ | 0¢ | 24.5¢ |
| Note: For full annotations, see the source below. Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Motor Fuel Tax Rates 2000-2011, 2013-2015," accessed September 30, 2015 | |||||||||
| Alcohol excise tax rates, 2015 (in dollars per gallon) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Liquor | Wine | Beer | |||
| Tax rate | Does general sales tax apply? | Tax rate | Does general sales tax apply? | Tax rate | Does general sales tax apply? | |
| Nevada | $3.60 | Yes | $0.70 | Yes | $0.16 | Yes |
| California | $3.30 | Yes | $0.20 | Yes | $0.20 | Yes |
| Oregon | See footnote1 | N/A | $0.67 | N/A | $0.08 | N/A |
| Washington | $14.27 | -- | $0.87 | Yes | $0.26 | Yes |
| Utah | See footnote1 | Yes | See footnote4 | Yes | $0.41 | Yes |
| 1"In 17 states, the government directly controls the sales of distilled spirits. Revenue in these states is generated from various taxes, fees, price mark-ups, and net liquor profits." 2"General sales tax applies to on-premise sales only." 3"Rhode Island tax rate scheduled to decrease to $3.75 on July 1, 2015." 4"Washington privatized liquor sales effective June 1, 2012." 5"All wine sales are through state stores. Revenue in these states is generated from various taxes, fes, price mark-ups, and net profits." Note: For full annotations, see the source below. Source: Tax Policy Center, "Alcohol Rates, 2000-2010, 2013-2015," accessed September 30, 2015 | ||||||
| State cigarette taxes, 2015 (in cents per pack) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Tax rate | National ranking |
| Nevada | 80¢ | 35 |
| California | 87¢ | 33 |
| Oregon | 131¢ | 28 |
| Washington | 302.5¢ | 6 |
| Utah | 170¢ | 19 |
| Note: For full annotations, see the source below. Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Cigarette Taxes, 2015," accessed September 30, 2015 | ||
Corporate income tax
- See also: Corporate income tax
Corporate income tax is the tax levied by a state on a company's profits. Nevada does not levy a corporate income tax. The table below lists the corporate income tax rates for Nevada and neighboring states in 2015.[19][20]
| Corporate income tax rates, 2015 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Tax rate | Brackets | Number of brackets | |
| Lowest | Highest | |||
| Nevada | No corporate income tax | |||
| California | 8.84% | Flat rate | 1 | |
| Oregon | 6.6 - 7.6% | $1,000,000 | 2 | |
| Washington | No corporate income tax | |||
| Utah | 5% | Flat rate | ||
| Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below. Source: Tax Foundation, "State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2015," accessed October 7, 2015 | ||||
Business tax climate
In October 2014, the Tax Foundation released a report evaluating business tax systems in the states for fiscal year 2015. The report's authors graded the states by analyzing more than 100 variables in five general tax areas: corporate taxes, personal income taxes, sales taxes, unemployment insurance taxes and property taxes. States were scored on a scale of zero to 10, with a score of zero indicating the worst business tax structure and a score of 10 indicating the best. States were then ranked on a scale of one to 50, with a ranking of one indicating the state with the best business tax climate and a score of 50 indicating the state with the worst.[21]
In fiscal year 2015, Nevada's business tax climate was ranked third in the nation. The table below provides scores and rankings for Nevada and neighboring states. To access the full report, click here.[21]
| Business tax climate rankings, fiscal year 2015 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | 2014 | 2015 | Change from 2014 to 2015 | |||
| Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | |
| Nevada | 3 | 7.46 | 3 | 7.46 | 0 | 0 |
| California | 48 | 3.76 | 48 | 3.77 | 0 | 0.01 |
| Oregon | 12 | 5.78 | 12 | 5.74 | 0 | -0.04 |
| Washington | 11 | 5.82 | 11 | 5.79 | 0 | -0.03 |
| Utah | 9 | 5.98 | 9 | 5.91 | 0 | -0.07 |
| Note: For complete notes and annotations, please see the source below. Source: Tax Foundation, "2015 State Business Tax Climate Index," October 28, 2014 | ||||||
Property tax
- See also: Property tax
Most often, property tax applies to real estate, although some states levy property taxes on other types of personal property, such as automobiles. Generally speaking, an individual's property tax liability is determined by the tax rate and the tax base, which is "determined by both the assessed value of the property and ... the share of the assessed value that is subject to tax." To learn more about property taxes, including tabulation methods, see this page.[22][23][24]
Property taxes comprise the lion's share of local government revenues. In 2010, property taxes accounted for 75 percent of the tax revenues collected by local government entities (such as cities, counties, school districts, etc.). States, on the other hand, generate very little revenue from property taxes. Property tax rates can vary substantially from locality to locality within a state.[22][23]
The table below provides the mean amount of property taxes paid, as well as property tax as a mean percentage of home value, for Nevada and neighboring states for 2012. In terms of mean property taxes paid, Nevada ranked second lowest when compared to neighboring states, nearly matching Utah.[22]
| Mean property taxes paid per state, 2012 | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Mean property taxes paid | Property tax as a percent of home value |
| Nevada | $1,518 | 1.01% |
| California | $3,164 | 0.88% |
| Oregon | $2,594 | 1.12% |
| Washington | $2,914 | 1.12% |
| Utah | $1,514 | 0.73% |
| Source: Tax Policy Center, "Residential Property Taxes in the United States," November 18, 2013 | ||
The table below lists per capita state and local property tax collections for Nevada and neighboring states for fiscal year 2012. According to the Tax Foundation, which compiled the data below, Nevada ranked 35th in the country in terms of property tax collections per capita.[25]
| State and local property tax collections per capita, 2012 | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Collections per capita | Ranking |
| Nevada | $1,039 | 35 |
| California | $1,363 | 22 |
| Oregon | $1,296 | 27 |
| Washington | $1,345 | 24 |
| Utah | $945 | 39 |
| Source: Tax Foundation, "Facts and Figures 2015: How Does Your State Compare?" accessed October 5, 2015 | ||
Estate and inheritance taxes
- See also: Estate and inheritance taxes
Nevada does not levy any estate or inheritance taxes, although residents are subject to the federal estate tax.[26]
Tax revenues
- See also: Nevada state budget and finances
The table below summarizes general fund revenue sources for Nevada and neighboring states in 2013. All figures are rendered in millions of dollars (for example, $1,500 translates to $1,500,000,000). Per capita figures have not been abbreviated.[27]
| General fund revenue sources, 2013 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Sales tax | Personal income tax | Corporate income tax | Other taxes and fees | Grand total | Per capita revenues |
| Nevada | $919 | $0 | $0 | $2,168 | $3,087 | $1,106.40 |
| California | $20,240 | $63,901 | $7,509 | $6,545 | $98,195 | $2,561.66 |
| Oregon | $0 | $6,300 | $500 | $496 | $7,296 | $1,856.46 |
| Washington | $7,656 | $0 | $0 | $8,116 | $15,772 | $2,262.38 |
| Utah | $1,633 | $2,652 | $313 | $495 | $5,093 | $1,755.68 |
| Source: National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report: Examining Fiscal 2011-2013 State Spending," accessed September 24, 2014 | ||||||
The table below lists tax collections by source as a percentage of total collections for Nevada and neighboring states in 2013.[3]
| Tax collections by source as a percentage of total tax collections, 2013 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Property tax | Sales tax | Select sales (excise) taxes | Personal income tax | Corporate income tax | Other taxes |
| Nevada | 3.3% | 51.8% | 26.1% | 0% | 0% | 18.8% |
| California | 1.5% | 25.5% | 10.6% | 50.2% | 5.6% | 6.6% |
| Oregon | 0.2% | 0% | 14.9% | 68.3% | 5% | 11.5% |
| Washington | 10.4% | 59.6% | 18.9% | 0% | 0% | 11.1% |
| Utah | 0% | 29.8% | 13.5% | 45.1% | 5.2% | 6.4% |
| Source: Tax Policy Center, "State Tax Collection Shares by Type 2000-2013," June 20, 2014 | ||||||
Tax ballot measures
| Voting on taxes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ballot measures | ||||||||
| By state | ||||||||
| By year | ||||||||
| Not on ballot | ||||||||
| ||||||||
- See also: Taxes on the ballot and List of Nevada ballot measures
Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to taxes in Nevada.
- Nevada Amendment on the Tax Exemption of Financial Property, Question 1 (1942)
- Nevada Amendment to the Sales and Use Tax Act, Question 5 (1988)
- Nevada Corporate Tax for Education, Question 6 (1990)
- Nevada Establishment of the Carson City and County of Ormsby Municipal Government, Question 3 (1968)
- Nevada Estate Tax, Question 6 (1982)
- Nevada Exemption of Property Taxes, Question 1 (1982)
- Nevada Federal Estate Tax, Question 5 (1986)
- Nevada Government Resale Sales and Use Tax, Question 7 (1998)
- Nevada Hazardous Operation Relocation for Property Tax Reduction, Question 6 (1994)
- Nevada Initiative on Government Taxes and Fees, Question 12 (1984)
- Nevada Initiative to Limit the General Tax on Real Property, Question 6 (1978)
- Nevada Initiative to Limit the General Tax on Real Property, Question 6 (1980)
- Nevada Legislative Supermajority for Tax Increases, Question 11 (1994)
- Nevada Legislative Supermajority for Tax Increases, Question 11 (1996)
- Nevada Legislative Tax Exemptions Amendment, Question 3 (2008)
- Nevada Legislature Votes Twice for Tax Increases, Question 16 (1996)
- Nevada Margin Tax for Public Schools Initiative, Question 3 (2014)
- Nevada Measure to Increase the Sales and Use Tax, Question 1 (1963)
- Nevada Measure to Retain the Sales and Use Tax Act, Question 8 (1956)
- Nevada Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption, Question 4 (2016)
- Nevada Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)
- Nevada Mining Tax Cap Amendment, Question 2 (2014)
- Nevada Motor Vehicle Tax, Question 1 (1962)
- Nevada Permit Deposit of Public Money, Question 4 (1984)
- Nevada Personal Income Tax, Question 9 (1988)
- Nevada Personal Income Tax Prohibition, Question 9 (1990)
- Nevada Property Tax Exemption for Business Inventories, Question 4 (1978)
- Nevada Property Tax Exemption for Water Conservation, Question 6 (1998)
- Nevada Proposal to Amend the Sales and Use Tax Act, Question 6 (1988)
- Nevada Repeal of the Poll Tax, Question 1 (1966)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax, Question 8 (2006)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Act of 1955, Question 1 (1979)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Aircraft Exemption, Question 15 (1996)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Amendment, Question 3 (2010)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Amendment, Question 4 (2008)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Farm Equipment Exemption, Question 3 (2002)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Government and Charity Exemption, Question 7 (1994)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Horse Exemption, Question 4 (1994)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Medical Supply Exemption, Question 13 (1996)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Metal Bars and Medallions Exemption, Question 4 (1990)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Nonprofit Exemption, Question 14 (1996)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Penalty, Question 4 (1974)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Professional Racing Equipment Exemption, Question 4 (2002)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Revision, Question 8 (2004)
- Nevada Sales and Use Tax Textbook Exemption, Question 3 (1990)
- Nevada Single Family Property Tax Reduction, Question 8 (2002)
- Nevada State Personal Income Tax (1988)
- Nevada Support Our Schools Initiative (2008)
- Nevada Tax Exemption for Food for Human Consumption, Question 1 (1984)
- Nevada Tax Exemption for People with Disabilities, Question 8 (1986)
- Nevada Tax Exemption for Personal Property in Transit, Question 1 (1960)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Aircraft Components, Question 4 (1986)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Bank Stocks, Question 1 (1986)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Building Materials, Question 7 (1988)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Food for Human Consumption, Question 9 (1980)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Food for Human Consumption, Question 9 (1982)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Gold, Silver and Platinum Bars, Question 8 (1988)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Household Goods and Furniture, Question 8 (1980)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Household Goods and Furniture, Question 8 (1982)
- Nevada Tax Exemption of Prescription Medicines, Question 8 (1970)
- Nevada Tax of Contractors, Question 6 (1986)
- Nevada Tax of Personal Property by a Governmental Contractor, Question 2 (1983)
- Nevada Tax of Used Cars, Question 8 (1984)
- Nevada Tax on Manufactured Homes , Question 10 (1984)
- Nevada Tax on Materials used in Making a Mobile Home, Question 7 (1982)
- Nevada Taxation of Contractor Materials, Question 3 (1986)
- Nevada Taxation of Minerals, Question 1 (1989)
- Nevada Taxation of Mines, Question 2 (1984)
- Nevada Taxation on Agricultural and Open-Space Real Property, Question 3 (1974)
Recent news
The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Nevada taxes. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles; they are included to provide readers with the most recent news articles on the subject. Click here to learn more about this section.
Tax policy in Nevada - Google News Feed
- Loading...
Contact information
- Nevada Departmennt of Taxation
- 1550 College Parkway, Suite115
- Carson City, NV 89706
- Phone: 775-684-2000
- tax.nv.gov
See also
- Nevada
- Nevada state budget and finances
- Personal income tax
- Sales tax
- Corporate income tax
- Property tax
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Federation of Tax Administrators, "2014 State Tax Revenue," accessed October 26, 2015
- ↑ The Constitution of the State of Nevada, "Article 10," accessed October 17, 2014
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tax Policy Center, "State Tax Collection Shares by Type 2000-2013," June 20, 2014
- ↑ Brunori, D. (2011). State Tax Policy: A Political Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute Press
- ↑ Federation of Tax Administrators, "2014 State Tax Revenue," accessed October 26, 2015
- ↑ Investing Answers, "Tax Bracket," accessed September 24, 2014
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tax Policy Center, "Individual State Income Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed September 29, 2015
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Personal Income Tax Rates and Brackets 2014 Update," March 21, 2014
- ↑ Tax Policy Center, "What is the personal exemption?" accessed December 14, 2015
- ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "3. Personal Exemptions and Dependents," accessed December 14, 2015
- ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "Topic 409 - Capital Gains and Losses," August 19, 2014
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "The High Burden of State and Federal Capital Gains Tax Rates," February 11, 2014
- ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Capital Gains and Dividends: How are capital gains taxed?" June 22, 2011
- ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Sales Tax Rates 2000-2015," accessed October 2, 2015
- ↑ Tax Policy Center, "Excise taxes," accessed October 20, 2014
- ↑ Investopedia, "Excise Tax," accessed October 20, 2014
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "Excise Taxes," accessed October 20, 2014
- ↑ Internal Revenue Service, "Excise Tax," accessed October 20, 2014
- ↑ Investopedia, "Corporate Tax," accessed September 24, 2014
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Corporate Income Tax Rates and Brackets for 2015," accessed October 7, 2015
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Tax Foundation, "2015 State Business Tax Climate Index," October 28, 2014
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Tax Policy Center, "Residential Property Taxes in the United States," November 18, 2013
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Bankrate, "Property taxes explained," February 3, 2000
- ↑ Investopedia, "Property Tax," accessed September 26, 2014
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "Facts and Figures 2015: How Does Your State Compare?" accessed October 5, 2015
- ↑ Tax Foundation, "State Estate and Inheritance Taxes in 2014," May 28, 2014
- ↑ National Association of State Budget Officers, "State Expenditure Report: Examining Fiscal 2011-2013 State Spending," accessed September 24, 2014
| ||
