NIKON SMALL WORLD IN MOTION

JUST ANNOUNCED: 2017 NIKON SMALL WORLD VIDEO WINNERS

Congratulations to the 2017 winners of the Nikon Small World in Motion Photomicrography Competition. Featured below are the top three entries in this year’s competition, announced on September 21.

1st place

Live-tracking of a growing root tip of Arabidopsis thaliana, over a period of 17 hours

Dr. Daniel von Wangenheim

View on Nikon site

2nd place

Perspiration on a human fingertip

Tsutomu Tomita & Shun Miyazaki

View on Nikon Site

3rd place

Leukocyte accumulations and platelet aggregations after endothelium injuries, in a living mouse

Dr. Satoshi Nishimura

View on Nikon Site

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Latest videos from Cell

Tracking Immunoevasion

When cancer cells lose the ability to present neoantigens to immune cells through human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss, they are able to evade the body’s immune response. Now, Swanton and colleagues present a computational tool that allows researchers to determine whether a tumor has genetic alterations the HLA genes by looking at sequencing data.

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Performing Paper-Based Cell-Free Reactions

In this video, we highlight the simple process of running cell-free transcription and translation reactions on paper substrates. The workflow involves cutting paper discs and placing them into a 384 multiwell plate or custom cartridge, adding a solution containing the cell-free reaction and diagnostic RNA sensors, and then freeze-drying. The resulting reactions are stable at room temperature for distribution and can be activated with the simple addition of water. This video was not peer-reviewed.

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Paper-Based Synthetic Gene Networks Electronic Reader

The portable reader provides a low cost way to quantify our paper-based sensors. It is composed of off-the-shelf electronic components that are housed in a laser-cut acrylic box. Starting at the top of the box, the main components include the: LED layer, cartridge layer, electronic sensor layer and the bottom stack. The bottom stack is composed of an Arduino, data shield and SD card, as well as a battery shield and Li ion battery that can be recharged using a micro-USB. Reactions are read by inserting the cartridge containing the paper-based reactions into the slot between the LED and sensor layers. Once turned on, the reader measures the transmission of light through the paper every minute using an LED with a wavelength that matches the maximum absorbance (570 nm) of the purple toehold switch reporter. This video was not peer-reviewed.

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Latest videos from Neuron

Local Order within Global Disorder: Synaptic Architecture of Visual Space

Fitzpatrick and colleagues find that synaptic inputs in the visual cortex are locally—but not globally—organized. This local functional synaptic clustering applies to a diverse set of inputs and appears to be a fundamental principle of dendritic organization. Future work should reveal more about the source of these clustered inputs and how clusters arise during the development of neural circuits.

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Circuit for Arousal from Sleep during Hypercapnia

Kaur et al. identify calcitonin gene-related peptide neurons in the parabrachial nucleus as a key switch for waking up the brain in response to elevated CO2. This switch provides a target for preventing sleep disruptions in obstructive sleep apnea.

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GLP-1 Regulates Feeding by Enhancing AMPA-R Trafficking

In this study, Liu et al. describe that the stimulation of GLP-1 afferent fibers within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus is sufficient to suppress food intake. GLP-1R activation enhances excitatory synaptic transmission, mediated by PKA and GluA1 S845 phosphorylation.

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Latest videos from Current Biology

How Ants Deal with Confusing Cues

In this study, Roman Huber and Markus Knaden from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, challenge homing desert ants by manipulating the reliability of the ants’ nest cues. While ants focus their nest search on cues that they have experienced at the nest only, they rather ignore cues that appear at the nest but in addition are omnipresent in the environment.

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Pongo tapanuliensis, a New Orangutan Species

Nater et al. describe a new great ape species, the Tapanuli orangutan Pongo tapanuliensis. An isolated population from Batang Toru, the southernmost orangutan population in Sumatra, has evolved independently from the northern Sumatran and Bornean species. Their evidence is based on population genomic analyses, as well as morphological and behavioral variation. Fewer than 800 individuals of P. tapanuliensis survive in the wild.

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Camouflage Colors in the Dinosaur Sinosauropteryx

Color patterns in the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx are reconstructed to better understand how it may have behaved and to determine what environment it may have lived in. Distinct color patterns known to be associated with camouflage in modern animals are present, including countershading, a striped tail, and a “bandit” mask across the face. These suggest that not only was Sinosauropteryx most likely part of a complex predator-prey dynamic, but it was also better adapted to live in open environments with lots of light. Paleocolor can inform not only behavior, but also extinct habitat preferences.

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