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High-Resolution CBV-fMRI Allows Mapping of Laminar Activity and Connectivity of Cortical Input and Output in Human M1

Huber et al.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.005

Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof

RORβ Spinal Interneurons Gate Sensory Transmission during Locomotion to Secure a Fluid Walking Gait

Koch et al.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.011

Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
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DISC1 Regulates Neurogenesis via Modulating Kinetochore Attachment of Ndel1/Nde1 during Mitosis



Fei Ye, Eunchai Kang, Chuan Yu, Xuyu Qian, Fadi Jacob, Cong Yu, Mao Mao, Randy Y.C. Poon, Jieun Kim, Hongjun Song, Guo-li Ming, Mingjie Zhang

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.010

In Brief

xYe et al. use structural insights to uncover a functional interaction between psychiatric risk genes, DISC1 and Ndel1/Nde1, in regulating cell-cycle progression of neural stem cells during cortical development.

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Getting a Handle on Neuropharmacology by Targeting Receptor-Associated Proteins

Michael P. Maher, Jose A. Matta, Shenyan Gu, Mark Seierstad, David S. Bredt

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.001

In Brief

xEffective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders require selective modulation of dysfunctional circuits. This review by Maher et al. outlines a strategy for targeting neurotransmitter receptor-associated proteins. This innovative pharmacological approach promises to enhance drug efficacy and minimize side effects.

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Age-Dependent Effects of apoE Reduction Using Antisense Oligonucleotides in a Model of β-amyloidosis



Tien-Phat V. Huynh, Fan Liao, Caroline M. Francis, Grace O. Robinson, Javier Remolina Serrano, Hong Jiang, Joseph Roh, Mary Beth Finn, Patrick M. Sullivan, Thomas J. Esparza, Floy R. Stewart, Thomas E. Mahan, Jason D. Ulrich, Tracy Cole, David M. Holtzman

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.014

In Brief

xHuynh et al. demonstrated that apoE3 and apoE4 are critical factors in promoting amyloidosis during the early stages of Aβ plaque formation but not during the exponential growth phase. Importantly, reduction of apoE4 decreases neuritic dystrophy independent of Aβ pathology.

ApoE4 Accelerates Early Seeding of Amyloid Pathology



Chia-Chen Liu, Na Zhao, Yuan Fu, Na Wang, Cynthia Linares, Chih-Wei Tsai, Guojun Bu

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.013

In Brief

xLiu et al. have developed cell-type-specific and inducible apoE mouse models and demonstrate that astrocytic apoE4 is a potent factor in promoting amyloidosis during the seeding stage, but not the rapid growth period, of amyloid development. ApoE4 impairs Aβ clearance and accelerates Aβ aggregation, leading to enhanced amyloid pathology and neuritic dystrophy.

Kinetics of Releasable Synaptic Vesicles and Their Plastic Changes at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses



Mitsuharu Midorikawa, Takeshi Sakaba

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.016

In Brief

xMidorikawa and Sakaba combined electrophysiological recordings and total internal reflection microscopy and revealed the dynamics of synaptic vesicles at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons in basal and cAMP-potentiated states, which may be relevant for LTP.

Mechanosensory-Based Phase Coding of Odor Identity in the Olfactory Bulb



Ryo Iwata, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Takeshi Imai

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.008

In Brief

xIwata et al. demonstrate that phase coding, but not rate coding, in mitral cells is useful for concentration-invariant odor identity coding. They also found that mechanosensation in olfactory sensory neurons facilitates, rather than masks, the robust phase coding of odors.

Video Abstract

Local Order within Global Disorder: Synaptic Architecture of Visual Space

Fitzpatrick and colleagues find that synaptic inputs in the visual cortex are locally—but not globally—organized. This local functional synaptic clustering applies to a diverse set of inputs and appears to be a fundamental principle of dendritic organization. Future work should reveal more about the source of these clustered inputs and how clusters arise during the development of neural circuits.

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Orbitofrontal Cortex: A Neural Circuit for Economic Decisions

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.031

Published in issue: November 15, 2017

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xPadoa-Schioppa and Conen review recent advances on the neuronal mechanisms underlying economic choices. They propose that good-based decisions are formed in a neural circuit within the orbitofrontal cortex.

Molecular Neuroscience in the 21^st Century: A Personal Perspective

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.005

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xSüdhof proposes that a molecular and cellular understanding of the brain is essential for insight into how the brain processes information and how it becomes impaired in neuropsychiatric disorders, and illustrates this point by describing selected, unsolved major questions in molecular neuroscience.

Neuroscience-Inspired Artificial Intelligence

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xHassabis et al. review how neuroscience has informed research in artificial intelligence. They argue that a better understanding of biological brains will play a vital role in building intelligent machines.

Entrainment of Arteriole Vasomotor Fluctuations by Neural Activity Is a Basis of Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent “Resting-State” Connectivity



Celine Mateo, Per M. Knutsen, Philbert S. Tsai, Andy Y. Shih, David Kleinfeld

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.012

Published online: October 26, 2017

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xIn resting-state BOLD imaging, synchronous ultra-slow (∼0.1 Hz) oscillations in blood oxygenation between brain areas are interpreted as “functional” neuronal connections. Mateo et al. reveals a basis for this inference: neuronal activity entrains arteriole dilation that in turn drives oxygenation.

Optogenetic Tools for Subcellular Applications in Neuroscience

Benjamin R. Rost, Franziska Schneider-Warme, Dietmar Schmitz, Peter Hegemann

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.047

Published in issue: November 01, 2017

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xThe subcellular targeting of optogenetic molecules provides exciting new opportunities to manipulate neuronal cell biology. In this review, Rost et al. summarize currently available optogenetic tools and established subcellular targeting strategies and highlight important optogenetic tools that remain to be developed.

Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions

Nicola J. Allen, Cagla Eroglu

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.056

Published in issue: November 01, 2017

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xAllen and Eroglu review the current state of knowledge on the cell biology of astrocyte-synapse interactions and pose some pressing questions that need to be addressed to advance our understanding of the role of astrocytes in brain function.

Collective Behavior of Place and Non-place Neurons in the Hippocampal Network



Leenoy Meshulam, Jeffrey L. Gauthier, Carlos D. Brody, David W. Tank, William Bialek

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.027

Published online: November 16, 2017

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xCorrelation patterns in CA1 hippocampus only partially arise from place encoding. Meshulam et al. utilize a population-level modeling approach to uncover collective patterns of activity in CA1 neurons that substantially reflect not only position but also their internal network state.

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