Maxine Waters

Maxine Waters

U.S. House California District 43

Tenure

1991 - Present

Term ends

2019

Years in position

27

Prior offices

California State Assembly

---

Democratic Party

Report an officeholder change

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000/year

Net worth

(2012) $964,007

Elections and appointments

Last elected

November 6, 2018

Education

Bachelor's

California State University, Los Angeles, 1970

Personal

Religion

Christian

Contact

Twitter

Maxine Waters is the Democratic representative from California's 43rd Congressional District in the U.S. House.

Waters began her political career in the California State Assembly, where she served from 1977 to 1991.

Based on analysis of multiple outside rankings, Waters is an average Democratic member of Congress, meaning she will vote with the Democratic Party on the majority of bills.

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Waters' academic, professional, and political career:

• 2013-Present: U.S. Representative from California's 43rd Congressional District
• 1993-2013: U.S. Representative from California's 35th Congressional District
• 1991-1993: U.S. Representative from California's 29th Congressional District
• 1977-1991: California State Assembly
• 1972-1988: Delegate, Democratic National Conventions
• 1970: Graduated from California State University, Los Angeles with B.A.

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Waters was assigned to the following committees:

• Committee on Financial Services

2015-2016

Waters served on the following committees:

• Financial Services Committee, Ranking Member
  • Task Force to Investigate Terrorism Financing, Ex Officio

2013-2014

Walters served on the following committees:

• Financial Services Committee, Ranking Member

2011-2012

• Financial Services Committee
  • Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises, Ranking Member
  • Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity
  • Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
• Judiciary Committee
  • Subcommittee on Immigration Policy and Enforcement
  • Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

• Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

  Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)

   Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

  Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.

  Voted Nay on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))

   Bill Passed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

  Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.

  Voted Nay on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)

   Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

  Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.

  Voted Nay on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Farm bill) (HR 2)

   Bill Failed (198-213) on May 18, 2018

  Proposed providing funding for agricultural subsidies and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), among other things.

  Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)

   Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017

  Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.

  Voted Nay on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)

   Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017

  Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally.

  Voted Nay on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)

   Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017

  Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws.

  Voted Nay on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

   Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017

  Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare.

• Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

  Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)

   Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018

  Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.

  Voted Yea on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)

   Bill Passed (193-231) on September 13, 2018

  Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.

  Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)

   Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018

  Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.

  Voted Nay on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)

   Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018

  Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.

  Voted Nay on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)

   Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018

  Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

  Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

   Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018

  Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.

  Voted Nay on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

   Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018

  Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)

   Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018

  Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

   Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018

  Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

   Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018

  Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

   Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017

  Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

   Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017

  Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018.

  Voted Nay on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)

   Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017

  Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.

  Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

   Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017

  Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.

  Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

   Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017

  Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.)

  Voted Nay on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

   Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017

  Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027.

  
  

  Voted Nay on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)

   Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017

  Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills.

  Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

   Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017

  Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.

  Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)

   Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017

  Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey.

  Voted Nay on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)

   Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017

  Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts.

  Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

   Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017

  Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.

• Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

  Voted Nay on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)

   Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018

  Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities

  Voted Nay on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

   Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018

  Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.

  
  

  Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)

   Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017

  Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.

  Voted Nay on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)

   Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017

  Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018.

  Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

   Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017

  Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.

  Did not vote on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)

   Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017

  Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.

  Did not vote on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)

   Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017

  Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.

  Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

   Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017

  Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority.

  Voted Nay on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)

   Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017

  The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

114th Congress The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session. For more information pertaining to Waters's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections. Economic and fiscal Trade Act of 2015 See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015 Trade adjustment assistance On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Waters was one of 144 Democrats to vote against the bill. Trade promotion authority On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Waters was one of 157 Democrats to vote against the measure. Trade promotion authority second vote After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining his or her original position on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Waters was one of 158 Democrats to vote against the amendment. Trade adjustment assistance second vote The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Waters was one of 175 Democrats to vote in favor of HR 1295. Defense spending authorization On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Waters voted with 142 other Democrats and eight Republicans against the bill. The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015. On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison. Waters voted with 134 other Democrats and 235 Republicans to approve the bill. On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015. 2016 Budget proposal On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, including Waters, voted against the resolution. 2015 budget On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017. Waters voted with 186 Democrats and 79 Republicans in favor of the bill. It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015. President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015. Foreign Affairs Iran nuclear deal See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015 On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Waters voted with 176 Democrats to approve the bill. Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Waters voted with 161 Democrats for the bill. Suspension of Iran sanctions relief On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Waters voted with 185 Democrats against the bill. Presidential non-compliance of section 2 On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Waters voted with 185 Democrats against the resolution. Export-Import Bank On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods. Waters voted with 185 Democrats and 127 Republicans in favor of the bill. Domestic USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Waters voted with 40 Democrats and 47 Republicans against the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015. Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Waters voted with 179 Democrats against the bill. Cyber security On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies. Waters voted with 43 Democrats and 19 Republicans against the bill. On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116. The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Waters voted with 78 Democrats and 37 Republicans against the bill. Immigration On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137. The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Waters voted with 134 Democrats and two Republicans against the bill. 113th Congress The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session. For more information pertaining to Waters's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections. National security NDAA Waters voted for HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote. DHS Appropriations Waters voted against HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 that was largely along party lines. CISPA (2013) Waters voted against HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities. The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party. Economy Farm bill On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, known as the Farm Bill. The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill provides for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop. However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states. Waters voted with 102 other Democratic representatives against the bill. 2014 Budget On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014. The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582 page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill. The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations. It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and the protection of the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Waters joined with the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill. Government shutdown See also: United States budget debate, 2013 On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201. At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference. Waters voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate. The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies. The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Waters voted for HR 2775. Federal Pay Adjustment Act Waters voted against HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees. The bill passed the House on February 15, 2013, with a vote of 261 - 154. The bill called for stopping a 0.5 percent pay increase for all federal workers from taking effect. The raises were projected to cost $11 billion over 10 years. Immigration Morton Memos Prohibition Waters voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status. The vote largely followed party lines. Healthcare Healthcare Reform Rules Waters voted against House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires that all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines. Social issues Abortion Waters voted against HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196 that largely followed party lines. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization. Previous congressional sessions Fiscal Cliff Waters voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. She was 1 of 172 Democrats that voted in favor of the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257 - 167 vote on January 1, 2013.

Issues

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Waters endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democrat primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

Noteworthy events

Ethics charges

In 2010, the Office of Congressional Ethics charged Waters with improper requests for a meeting with Treasury officials for OneUnited Bank. Waters' husband owned stock in the bank and served as a director until a few months before Waters requested those meetings. OneUnited reportedly got an infusion of TARP money, which could have protected an estimated $200,000 in bank stock owned by Waters' husband.

On June 6, 2012, the House Ethics Committee announced they would go ahead with the investigation, which had been delayed due to charges by Waters that lawyers for the committee were biased and violated House rules. In July 2011, Billy Martin, a former Justice Department prosecutor, was brought in to act as outside counsel. His inquiry corroborated some of Waters' allegations, but concluded that a fair hearing was not denied.

The committee announced on September 21, 2012, that Waters did not violate House rules.

Elections

2018

See also: California's 43rd Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 43

Incumbent Maxine Waters (D) defeated Omar Navarro (R) in the general election for U.S. House California District 43 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Maxine Waters  (D)	75.8	97,911
		Omar Navarro  (R)	24.2	31,188

---

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. Source

Total votes: 129,099

Primary election

Primary for U.S. House California District 43

Incumbent Maxine Waters and Omar Navarro defeated Frank DeMartini, Edwin Duterte, and Miguel Angel Zuniga in the primary for U.S. House California District 43 on June 5, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Maxine Waters  (D)	72.3	63,908
✔		Omar Navarro  (R)	14.2	12,522
		Frank DeMartini  (R)	7.0	6,156
		Edwin Duterte  (R)	4.2	3,673
		Miguel Angel Zuniga  (G)	2.3	2,074

---

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. It has been certified.

Total votes: 88,333

2016

See also: California's 43rd Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Maxine Waters (D) defeated Omar Navarro (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Both candidates advanced past the top-two primary on June 7, 2016, by default.

U.S. House, California District 43 General Election, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maxine Waters Incumbent	76.1%	167,017
	Republican	Omar Navarro	23.9%	52,499
Total Votes				219,516
Source: California Secretary of State

U.S. House, California District 43 Primary, 2016
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maxine Waters Incumbent	76.1%	92,909
	Republican	Omar Navarro	23.9%	29,152
Total Votes				122,061
Source: California Secretary of State

2014

See also: California's 43rd Congressional District elections, 2014

Waters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. She and John Wood (R) advanced past the blanket primary on June 3, 2014, unopposed. Waters went on to defeat Wood in the general election on November 4, 2014.

U.S. House, California District 43 General Election, 2014
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maxine Waters Incumbent	71%	69,681
	Republican	John Wood	29%	28,521
Total Votes				98,202
Source: California Secretary of State

2012

See also: California's 43rd Congressional District elections, 2012

Waters won re-election in the 2012 election for the U.S. House, representing California's 43rd District as a Democrat. She was displaced from her former district, the 35th, by redistricting. She and Bob Flores (D) advanced past the blanket primary on June 5, 2012. Waters went on to defeat Flores in the general election on November 6, 2012.

U.S. House, California District 43 General Election, 2012
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Maxine Waters Incumbent	71.2%	143,123
	Democratic	Bob Flores	28.8%	57,771
Total Votes				200,894
Source: California Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

Full history

To view the full congressional electoral history for Maxine Waters, click [show] to expand the section.

2010 On November 2, 2010, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated K. Bruce Brown (R) and Suleiman Charles Edmondson (Write-in) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2010 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 79.3% 98,131      Republican K. Bruce Brown 20.7% 25,561      N/A Suleiman Charles Edmondson 0% 2 Total Votes 123,694 2008 On November 4, 2008, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Ted Hayes (R) and Herb Peters (L) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2008 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 82.6% 150,778      Republican Ted Hayes 13.2% 24,169      Libertarian Herb Peters 4.2% 7,632 Total Votes 182,579 2006 On November 7, 2006, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) and Paul Ireland (L) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2006 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 83.7% 82,498      Republican Gordon Michael Mego 8.5% 8,343      Libertarian Paul Ireland 7.8% 7,665 Total Votes 98,506 2004 On November 2, 2004, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Ross Moen (R), Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) and Charles Tate (L) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2004 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 80.5% 125,949      Republican Ross Moen 15.1% 23,591      American Independent Gordon Michael Mego 2.2% 3,440      Libertarian Charles Tate 2.2% 3,427 Total Votes 156,407 2002 On November 5, 2002, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Ross Moen (R) and Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2002 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 77.5% 72,401      Republican Ross Moen 19.4% 18,094      American Independent Gordon Michael Mego 3.1% 2,912 Total Votes 93,407 2000 On November 7, 2000, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Carl McGill (R), Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) and Rick Joseph Dunstan (Natural Law) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 2000 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 86.5% 100,569      Republican Carl McGill 10.8% 12,582      American Independent Gordon Michael Mego 1.6% 1,911      Natural Law Rick Joseph Dunstan 1% 1,153 Total Votes 116,215 1998 On November 3, 1998, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 1998 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 89.3% 78,732      American Independent Gordon Michael Mego 10.7% 9,413 Total Votes 88,145 1996 On November 5, 1996, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Eric Carlson (R) and Gordon Michael Mego (American Independent) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 1996 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 85.5% 92,762      Republican Eric Carlson 12.1% 13,113      American Independent Gordon Michael Mego 2.4% 2,610 Total Votes 108,485 1994 On November 8, 1994, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Nate Truman (R) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 1994 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 78.1% 65,688      Republican Nate Truman 21.9% 18,390      N/A Write-in 0% 3 Total Votes 84,081 1992 On November 3, 1992, Maxine Waters won re-election to the United States House. She defeated Nate Truman (R), Alice Mae Miles (P&F) and Carin Rogers (L) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 35 General Election, 1992 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters incumbent 82.5% 102,941      Republican Nate Truman 14% 17,417      Peace and Freedom Alice Mae Miles 2.2% 2,797      Libertarian Carin Rogers 1.3% 1,618      N/A Write-in 0% 3 Total Votes 124,776 1990 On November 6, 1990, Maxine Waters won election to the United States House. She defeated Bill DeWitt (R) and Waheed Boctor (L) in the general election. U.S. House, California District 29 General Election, 1990 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Maxine Waters 79.4% 51,350      Republican Bill DeWitt 18.6% 12,054      Libertarian Waheed Boctor 2% 1,268 Total Votes 64,672

Campaign donors

Comprehensive donor history

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf.
Why is that? While candidates and parties must file detailed expenditure reports, independent organizations and unions are not required to file reports in every case. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer.
Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website.

Comprehensive donor information is shown below. Based on available campaign finance records, Waters raised a total of $6,122,226 in elections. Ballotpedia updates the information below in the years following a general election.

Maxine Waters campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Result	Contributions
2016	U.S. House, California District 43		$939,363
2014	U.S. House (California, District 43)		$1,301,923
2012	U.S. House (California, District 43)		$729,887
2010	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$694,021
2008	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$781,102
2006	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$793,431
2004	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$390,923
2002	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$240,320
2000	U.S. House (California, District 35)		$251,256
Grand total raised			$6,122,226
Source: Follow the Money

2016

Waters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2016. During that election cycle, Waters' campaign committee raised a total of $939,363 and spent $966,552. This is less than the average $1.46 million spent by U.S. House winners in 2016.

Cost per vote

Waters spent $5.79 per general election vote received in 2016.

U.S. House, California District 43, 2016 - Maxine Waters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$939,363
Total Spent	$966,552
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$2,846
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$3,196
Top contributors to Maxine Waters's campaign committee
Democratic State Central Cmte of Ca	$35,000
Californians for Lower Drug Prices	$20,000
Coalition for Student Success	$20,000
For Adult Industry Responsibility Commit	$20,000
AFLAC Inc	$10,000
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Insurance	$107,250
Real Estate	$65,501
Accountants	$41,000
Democratic/Liberal	$37,086
Securities & Investment	$33,500
Source: Open Secrets

2014

Waters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2014. During that election cycle, Waters' campaign committee raised a total of $1,301,923 and spent $1,062,921. This is less than the average $1.45 million spent by House winners in 2014.

Cost per vote

Waters spent $15.25 per general election vote received in 2014.

U.S. House, California District 43, 2014 - Maxine Waters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$1,301,923
Total Spent	$1,062,921
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$11,173
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$11,819
Top contributors to Maxine Waters's campaign committee
Votesane PAC	$41,000
American Express	$11,000
UBS AG	$11,000
Avenue Ventures	$10,400
L&L Energy	$10,400
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Insurance	$114,000
Securities & Investment	$89,500
Real Estate	$78,740
Commercial Banks	$57,650
Lawyers/Law Firms	$42,400

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Waters' campaign funds before the 2014 election.

Below are Waters' FEC reports.

Maxine Waters (2014) Campaign Finance Reports
Report	Date Filed	Beginning Balance	Total Contributions for Reporting Period	Expenditures	Cash on Hand
April Quarterly	April 15, 2013	$46,683.21	$100,483.27	$(74,599.62)	$72,566.86
July Quarterly	July 15, 2013	$72,566.86	$127,149.33	$(90,062.88)	$109,653.31
October Quarterly	October 18, 2013	$109,653.31	$153,828.36	$(111,968.95)	$151,512.72
Year-End	January 15, 2014	$151,512	$190,644	$(80,801)	$261,355
April Quarterly	April 14, 2014	$261,355	$130,901	$(28,307)	$363,948
Pre-Primary	May 22, 2014	$363,948	$48,750	$(99,646)	$313,052
July Quarterly	July 15, 2014	$313,052	$166,690	$(56,979)	$422,963
October Quarterly	October 15, 2014	$422,963	$179,890	$(197,720)	$405,133
			Running totals
			$1,098,335.96	$(740,084.45)

2012

Waters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2012. During that election cycle, Waters' campaign committee raised a total of $729,887 and spent $717,251. This is less than the average $1.5 million spent by House winners in 2012.

Cost per vote

Waters spent $5.01 per vote received in 2012.

U.S. House, California District 43, 2012 - Maxine Waters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$729,887
Total Spent	$717,251
Total Raised by Election Runner-up	$4,204
Total Spent by Election Runner-up	$3,220
Top contributors to Maxine Waters's campaign committee
Marvin Engineering	$15,000
Comcast Corp	$12,500
American Assn for Justice	$10,000
Certus Bank	$10,000
Credit Union National Assn	$10,000
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Real Estate	$51,750
TV/Movies/Music	$44,320
Lobbyists	$34,074
Securities & Investment	$28,250
Public Sector Unions	$23,500

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Waters' campaign funds before the 2012 election.

2010

Waters won re-election to the U.S. House in 2010. During that election cycle, Waters' campaign committee raised a total of $694,021 and spent $718,505.

Her top five contributors between 2009-2010 were:

U.S. House, California District 35, 2010 - Maxine Waters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$694,021
Total Spent	$718,505
Total Raised by General Election Opponent	$17,340
Total Spent by General Election Opponent	$20,370
Top contributors to Maxine Waters's campaign committee
National Assn of Realtors	$11,000
American Assn for Justice	$10,000
American Federation of Teachers	$7,500
National Assn of Letter Carriers	$7,000
United Auto Workers	$5,500
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms	$26,526
Real Estate	$23,294
Health Professionals	$21,100
Industrial Unions	$20,500
Public Sector Unions	$19,000

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.
Breakdown of the source of Waters' campaign funds before the 2010 election.

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

• Changes in Net Worth
• The Donation Concentration Metric

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Waters' net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $-3,512,984 and $5,440,998. That averages to $964,007, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Waters ranked as the 210th most wealthy representative in 2012. Between 2004 and 2012, Waters' calculated net worth decreased by an average of 8 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.

Maxine Waters Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2004	$2,669,090
2012	$964,007
Growth from 2004 to 2012:	-64%
Average annual growth:	-8%
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Waters is the ranking Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services. Waters received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Real Estate industry.

From 1989-2014, 21.38 percent of Waters' career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.

Maxine Waters Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$6,341,866
Total Spent	$5,958,692
Ranking member of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Real Estate	$379,719
Lawyers/Law Firms	$308,899
Industrial Unions	$264,000
Public Sector Unions	$240,150
Securities & Investment	$163,250
% total in top industry	5.99%
% total in top two industries	10.86%
% total in top five industries	21.38%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Waters was a "far-left Democrat" as of July 2014. In June 2013, Waters was rated as a "rank-and-file Democrat."

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.

Waters most often votes with:

• Mark Pocan
• Chris Gibson

Waters least often votes with:

• Jim Matheson
• Randy Weber

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Waters missed 1,225 of 16,058 roll call votes from January 1991 to September 2015. This amounted to 7.6 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Waters paid her congressional staff a total of $964,115 in 2011. She ranked 56th on the list of the lowest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 221st overall of the lowest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, California ranked 5th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Waters ranked 53rd in the liberal rankings in 2013.

2012

Waters ranked 50th in the liberal rankings in 2012.

2011

Waters ranked 53rd in the liberal rankings in 2011.

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Waters voted with the Democratic Party 93.1 percent of the time, which ranked 106th among the 204 House Democratic members as of July 2014.

2013

Waters voted with the Democratic Party 95.7 percent of the time, which ranked 90th among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.

2016 Democratic National Convention

• Delegate to the 2016 DNC (click to expand)

  See also: Democratic National Convention, 2016

  Maxine Waters
  Democratic National Convention, 2016
  Status:	Superdelegate
  State:	California
  Supporting:	Hillary Clinton
  Delegates to the DNC 2016
  Calendar and delegate rules overview • Types of delegates • State election law and delegates • Superdelegates by state

  Waters was a superdelegate to the 2016 Democratic National Convention from California. Waters was one of 75 superdelegates from California. Superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were not bound by the results of their state’s primary or caucus to support a specific presidential candidate. Waters supported Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination. Clinton formally won the Democratic nomination for president on July 26, 2016.

  What is a superdelegate?

  See also: Superdelegates and the 2016 Democratic National Convention

  Superdelegates, in 2016, were automatic delegates to the Democratic National Convention, meaning that, unlike regular delegates, they were not elected to this position. Also unlike regular delegates, they were not required to pledge their support to any presidential candidate, and they were not bound by the results of their state's presidential primary election or caucus. In 2016, superdelegates included members of the Democratic National Committee, Democratic members of Congress, Democratic governors, and distinguished party leaders, including former presidents and vice presidents. All superdelegates were free to support any presidential candidate of their choosing at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.

  California primary results

  See also: Presidential election in California, 2016

  In California's Democratic primary—which took place on June 7, 2016—475 pledged delegates were at stake, more than any other state in the 2016 Democratic nominating season. California's delegate haul represented almost 20 percent of the 2,383 delegates needed to secure the Democratic nomination and almost 12 percent of the 4,038 pledged delegates up for grabs in 2016. Polling from March and April showed Hillary Clinton with a lead in California over rival Bernie Sanders, ranging from six to 14 points. In 2008, Clinton won the state over Barack Obama 52 to 43 percent. California's pledged delegates were allocated on a proportional basis. California's 73 superdelegates were not required to adhere to the results of the June 7 primary election.

  California Democratic Primary, 2016
  Candidate	Vote %	Votes	Delegates
  Hillary Clinton	54.2%	2,580,865	269
  Bernie Sanders	44.9%	2,135,718	206
  Roque De La Fuente	0.2%	7,757	0
  Henry Hewes	0.1%	6,997	0
  Keith Judd	0.1%	6,771	0
  Michael Steinberg	0.2%	10,247	0
  Willie Wilson	0.2%	11,260	0
  Totals		4,759,615	475
  Source: The New York Times and California Secretary of State

  Delegate allocation

  See also: 2016 presidential nominations: calendar and delegate rules

  

  California had 551 delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Of this total, 476 were pledged delegates. National party rules stipulated how Democratic delegates in all states were allocated. Pledged delegates were allocated to a candidate in proportion to the votes he or she received in a state's primary or caucus. A candidate was eligible to receive a share of the state's pledged delegates if he or she won at least 15 percent of the votes cast in the primary or caucus. There were three types of pledged Democratic delegates: congressional district delegates, at-large delegates, and party leaders and elected officials (PLEOs). Congressional district delegates were allocated proportionally based on the primary or caucus results in a given district. At-large and PLEO delegates were allocated proportionally based on statewide primary results.

  Seventy-five party leaders and elected officials served as unpledged delegates. These delegates were not required to adhere to the results of a state's primary or caucus.

Personal

Email [email protected] to notify us of updates to this biography.

Waters and her husband, Sidney, have two children.

See also

• United States House of Representatives
• United States congressional delegations from California
• California's 43rd Congressional District elections, 2014
• California's 43rd Congressional District

External links

Suggest a link

• Search Google News for this topic

• Biographies:
  • U.S. Congress
• Political profiles:
  • GovTrack
  • CongressMerge
  • OpenCongress
  • Project Vote Smart
• Financial (federal level):
  • FEC contributions
  • OpenSecrets.org
  • LegiStorm.com
• Interest group ratings:
  • Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions:
  • On The Issues
  • Project Vote Smart
• Public statements:
  • Project Vote Smart
• Voting record:
  • Project Vote Smart
  • Washington Post
• Media appearances:
  • C-SPAN
• Media coverage:
  • New York Times
  • Washington Post

• Facebook page
• Twitter feed
• YouTube channel

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Augustus Hawkins	U.S. House - California 1991-Present	Succeeded by -