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Hey, look! We’ve got new clues on the triggers for leglessness in snakes!

We know that snakes originally had four limbs; they were basically just long lizards.

The fossil record was already strong as to when and how it happened (at least physically), and we’ve even known for a long time that the front limbs became vestigial and disappeared long before the hind limbs.

But now a new study seems to show that the Sonic Hedgehog Gene (SHH), which also influences eye, brain, and central midline splitting in vertebrates, is the gene responsible for reducing the size of snake limbs. It’s a fascinating gene, and is what’s responsible for most incidences of cyclopia (one-eyedness) in mammals.

While SHH is actually not mutated in snakes, an enhancer gene that turns it “on” and “off” during development has three separate mutations. Whereas a limbed vertebrate has the trigger gene keeping SHH active throughout the embryonic and fetal development process, in snakes, it flickers on and almost immediately shuts off. No limbs if it doesn’t stay on!

While this might not have been the very first step in making snakes legless, it’s a huge clue as to how they evolved.

I wonder what gene mutations are found in legless lizards? Get on it, Science!

More Information:

UF Health video explaination

Basics of why three tiny tweaks can influence all the limbs

First Lines Meme

rules: list the first lines of your last 20 stories. see if there are any patterns. then tag your favorite authors.

I was tagged by @iboatedhere and @querulousgawks.  Thank you!!

If we go only by what I’ve posted on AO3 (and not tumblr) and ignore WIPs:

01. halcyon - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

Lounging against the pillows where Jack has left him kiss-drunk and breathless, Bittle is beautiful.

02. Unravel Me - Dex/Nursey, Check, Please!

“You like me like this.”

03. Perpetual Motion - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

Back against the wall, body turned toward Bittle’s, Jack watches as Bittle unlocks his phone, fingers flying over the screen as he types something Jack can’t quite make out.

04. Good Boy - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

As soon as they’re through the door of the apartment, Jack crowds Bitty with his hips and hands and chest, pushing until Bitty feels the door hard against his back, Jack hard against his front.

05. quite new a thing - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

Bitty buys them on a whim, a perfect scrap of Falconers’ blue lace that slips beneath his fingers soft as air.

06. Nothing More Than You - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

Bitty wakes up alone, the sheets beside him cool.

07. Hold Me Close and Surrender - Jack/Bitty, Check, Please!

Jack is warm against him, chest broad, shoulders strong under Bitty’s hands as they sit on the end of Jack’s bed.

08. muscles better, nerves more - Damen/Laurent, Captive Prince

Damen swallows hard, his heart in his throat as he takes in the view before him, a king surveying his lands.

09. expectation - Dorian/Bull, Dragon Age Inquisition

Dorian stretches back in his seat at the Herald’s Rest, the fingers of one hand wrapped around the opposing wrist above his head, his back arched.

10. Contraband - Dorian/Bull, DAI

Dorian arrives first and lights a fire in the bedroom hearth.

11. Double Play - Dorian/Bull, DAI

The Bull doesn’t look at him when the clubhouse is full, not like this, his eye half-lidded and dark, focused the way he gets on the field, body angled home.

12. on the third day - Dorian/Bull, DAI

The Bull pauses just inside the door to their room as it latches behind him.

13. Bound - Dorian/Bull, DAI

Dorian sits in the corner of the Herald’s Rest, shoulders against the wall.

14. Harbor - Dorian/Bull, DAI

Dorian finds the Bull in the living room in front of one of the bay windows, one of the throw blankets–the dusty rose one, Bull’s favorite—pulled tight around his shoulders.

15. Communion - Dorian/Bull, DAI

The Bull spreads him out before the fire, rugs and furs and blankets laid down to ward off the chill of stone that Dorian complains of even in the warmest southern days.

16. it would be the first time - Dorian/Bull, DAI

As much as he enjoys the sex—and, oh, he enjoys it—Dorian thinks he may like the part before even more.

17. break of day - Dorian/Bull, DAI

The light creeping through the curtains when Dorian wakes up is cool and gray.

18. Touch and Go - Dorian/Bull, DAI

When Dorian Pavus, renowned monstrumologist, had agree to travel across the Waking Sea to speak at a symposium on the supposed existence of the Fallow Mire wendigo, he had done so under duress.

19. like gold to airy thinness beat - Dorian/Bull, DAI

The letter comes like all the rest, delivered by raven to Skyhold.

20. my love is like a powder keg - Dorian/Bull, DAI

Dorian is no blushing naïf.

I’m tagging @catknit7 @jaradel @marswithghosts @homsantoft @junemermaid @justsayins @rhysiana @tiptoe39 and anyone else who wants to do it!  (What I love about about these posts is how easy it is to get a sampling of work in one place.  Who knows what I’ve missed!)

kickstarter.com
Back my friend's kickstarter!!
Wear your nerdiness on your sleeve! Our full fleet of characters will be available for the first time in high-quality, durable acrylic!

So I don’t usually promo people here on my art blog, but I wanna throw this on here because my friends are doing a kickstarter to get some equipment to manufacture acrylic charms! Not only is their art super quality, BUT if this goes through they’re gonna offer printing services to other artists. Such as me. They’ll be able to make acrylic charms for me. Haha.

I’ve already seen their sample prints and they’re HELLA quality. They look nice and are also like, really durable. 

So check them out and back them if you can!!

Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins Ava DuVernay’s ‘A Wrinkle in Time’ (EXCLUSIVE)

Gugu Mbatha-Raw is on board to join Disney’s movie adaptation of “A Wrinkle in Time.”

Ava DuVernay is on board to direct with Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, and Storm Reid also attached to star in the film.

Jennifer Lee, who wrote and co-directed “Frozen” with Chris Buck, is penning the adaptation of Madeleine L’Engle’s book for Disney. The story follows children as they travel through time and visit strange worlds in order to find their missing scientist father.

Duvernay has since confirmed Variety’s report on Twitter:

“A Wrinkle in Time” is the first book in L’Engle’s “Time Quartet” series, which includes “A Wind in the Door,” “Many Waters,” and “A Swiftly Tilting Planet.”

Mbatha-Raw would play the role of Mrs. Murry — Meg and Charles Wallace’s mother. She is a scientist who, with Meg’s father, comes up with the notion of the wrinkle in time. Mbatha-Raw was most recently seen in “Free State of Jones” and will star next in Bad Robot’s “God Particle.”

She will follow that up with Disney’s “Beauty and the Beast” in the role of Plumette.

She is repped CAA.

Source: Variety

Lost Boys by Ruth B.

[Intro]
There was a time when I was alone
Nowhere to go and no place to call home
My only friend was the man in the moon
And even sometimes he would go away, too

[Verse 1]
Then one night, as I closed my eyes,
I saw a shadow flying high
He came to me with the sweetest smile
Told me he wanted to talk for awhile
He said, “Peter Pan. That’s what they call me.
I promise that you’ll never be lonely.”
And ever since that day…

[Chorus]
I am a lost boy from Neverland
Usually hanging out with Peter Pan
And when we’re bored we play in the woods
Always on the run from Captain Hook
“Run, run, lost boy,” they say to me,
“Away from all of reality.”

[2x]
Neverland is home to lost boys like me
And lost boys like me are free

[Verse 2]
He sprinkled me in pixie dust and told me to believe
Believe in him and believe in me
Together we will fly away in a cloud of green
To your beautiful destiny
As we soared above the town that never loved me
I realized I finally had a family
Soon enough we reached Neverland
Peacefully my feet hit the sand
And ever since that day…

[Chorus]
I am a lost boy from Neverland
Usually hanging out with Peter Pan
And when we’re bored we play in the woods
Always on the run from Captain Hook
“Run, run, lost boy,” they say to me,
“Away from all of reality.”

[2x]
Neverland is home to lost boys like me
And lost boys like me are free

[2x]
Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, Wendy Darling,
Even Captain Hook.
You are my perfect story book
Neverland, I love you so,
You are now my home sweet home
Forever a lost boy at last

And for always I will say…

[Chorus]
I am a lost boy from Neverland
Usually hanging out with Peter Pan
And when we’re bored we play in the woods
Always on the run from Captain Hook
“Run, run, lost boy,” they say to me,
“Away from all of reality.”

[2x]
Neverland is home to lost boys like me
And lost boys like me are free

(submitted by Jade Estrella via The Soundtrack thread for Songbird!Shikako)

anonymous asked:

I swear, one of my favorite things to do is read all of TV Tropes' incest pages for reading/viewing material. Some of the entries do have an anti-incest tone, but a surprising amount of them don't.

It’s been a while since I have been back to read those pages but they are very entertaining. Especially back before I had this blog, a lot of the canon I watched was because I saw it on there. 

Incest Is Relative

Brother-Sister Incest

Parental Incest

Incest Subtext

Incest Yay Shipping

Villainous Incest

Surprise Incest

This is also a very fun read. 

Kissing Cousins

Incestuous Casting

So many pages! 

Like you said, sometimes there’s a very anti-incest tone, but usually the comments are amused or matter-of-fact. 

useful things for those going back 2 school:

hope this helps someone ! have a great school year ! xoxo sareena

anonymous asked:

Do you have any spare time in your life to help curious learners give some lessons on art? I mean, however bad you think you are in teaching others, you can still be some aid, at least by sharing what you experience during creating art

I dont really have time to do that, im sorry…  im not an art teacher, and i feel my experiences are of little value. so instead i hope this list of resources made by others can help you more than i can:

Art Youtube Channels:

Free Online Courses on a ton of subjects (including art!)

Brushes:

Inspiration & Stories:

Archives & Free Resources:

Books:

*Drawing

*Sketching

*Animation

*Color

*“Art of” Books:


Remember, a resource post is nothing if you dont use it. You can watch videos and click links all day, but nothing replaces putting the time in to draw. You get best at what you do most. Draw the most, and you will get good at it. I promise.


good luck!!!