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Rights and Permissions

Beginning with articles submitted in Volume 106 (2009) the author(s) retains copyright to individual articles, and the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America retains an exclusive license to publish these articles and holds copyright to the collective work. Volumes 90–105 (1993–2008) copyright © by the National Academy of Sciences. Volumes 1–89 (1915–1992), the author(s) retains copyright to individual articles, and the National Academy of Sciences holds copyright to the collective work.

The PNAS listing on the Sherpa RoMEO publisher copyright policies & self-archiving detail pages can be found here.

Requests for Permission to Reprint

Requests for permission should be made in writing. For the fastest response time, please send your request via email to PNASPermissions{at}nas.edu. If necessary, requests may be faxed to 202-334-2739 or mailed to:

PNAS Permissions Editor
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NAS 340
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Anyone may, without requesting permission, use original figures or tables published in PNAS for noncommercial and educational use (i.e., in a review article, in a book that is not for sale) provided that the original source and the applicable copyright notice are cited.

For permission to reprint material in volumes 1–89 (1915–1992), requests should be addressed to the original authors, who hold the copyright. The full journal reference must be cited.

For permission to reprint material in volumes 90–present (1993–present), requests must be sent via email, fax, or mail and include the following information about the original material:

  1. Your full name, affiliation, and title
  2. Your complete mailing address, phone number, fax number, and email address
  3. PNAS volume number, issue number, and issue date
  4. PNAS article title
  5. PNAS authors' names
  6. Page numbers of items to be reprinted
  7. Figure/table number or portion of text to be reprinted

Also include the following information about the intended use of the material:

  1. Title of work in which PNAS material will appear
  2. Authors/editors of work
  3. Publisher of work
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  5. Number of copies of work to be produced
  6. Intended audience
  7. Whether work is for nonprofit or commercial use

PNAS authors need not obtain permission for the following cases: (1) to use their original figures or tables in their future works; (2) to make copies of their papers for their own personal use, including classroom use, or for the personal use of colleagues, provided those copies are not for sale and are not distributed in a systematic way; (3) to include their papers as part of their dissertations; or (4) to use all or part of their articles in printed compilations of their own works. Citation of the original source must be included and copies must include the applicable copyright notice of the original report.

Authors whose work will be reused should be notified. PNAS cannot supply original artwork. Use of PNAS material must not imply any endorsement by PNAS or the National Academy of Sciences. The full journal reference must be cited and, for articles published in Volumes 90–105 (1993–2008), "Copyright (copyright year) National Academy of Sciences, USA."

Requests for Permission to Photocopy

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Authorization to photocopy items for the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by The National Academy of Sciences provided that the proper fee is paid directly to CCC.

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