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Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910)

Author of Anna Karenina

2,418+ Works 116,575 Members 1,858 Reviews 541 Favorited
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About the Author

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in Russia. He is usually referred to as Leo Tolstoy. He was a Russian author who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. Leo Tolstoy is best known for his novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877). Tolstoy's show more fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Family Happiness, and Hadji Murad. He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays. Tolstoy had a profound moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870's which he outlined in his work, A Confession. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. His ideas of nonviolent resistance which he shared in his works The Kingdom of God is Within You, had a profund impact on figures such as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. On September 23, 1862 Tolstoy married Sophia Andreevna Behrs. She was the daughter of a court physician. They had 13 children, eight of whom survived childhood. Their early married life allowed Tolstoy much freedom to compose War and Peace and Anna Karenina with his wife acting as his secretary and proofreader. The Tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution and the subsequent establishment of the Soviet Union. Leo Tolstoy's relatives and descendants moved to Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Tolstoy died of pneumonia at Astapovo train station, after a day's rail journey south on November 20, 1910 at the age of 82. (Bowker Author Biography) Count Leo Tolstoy was born in 1828 on the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana in the Tula province. He married in 1862 & was the father of 13 children. Tolstoy managed the estate of Yasnaya Polyana & ran its peasant schools, while writing his great novels, "War & Peace" (1869) & "Anna Karenina" (1877). He died in 1910. (Publisher Provided) show less

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Толстой, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Lev Nicolaievic Tolstoi, Lev NikolaeviD Tolstoj, Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Lev Niolaievitx Tolstoi, ΛΕΩΝ ΤΟΛΣΤΟΪ, Leo Nikolaivich Tolstoy, Lev Nikolaevic Tolstoï, Lev Nicholaevic Tolstoj, Lev Nicolaevici Tolstoi, Leo Nikoleyvich Tolstoy, Lew Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaevic Tolstòj, Lev Nicolaevič Tolstoj, Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Tolstoi Lev Nikolaevich, Лев Толсто́й, Lev Nikolajevic Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič Tolstoj, L. Nikolajevič Tolstoj, Leo Nikoleyvich Tolstoy, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Lev Nikolajevic Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaievich Tolstoy, Lev Nikilayevich Tolstoy, Leo Nikolaivitch Tolstoi, TOLSTOÏ Léon, Lev Nikolaevitch Tolstoj, Tolstoi Tolstoy, Lyof N., Lev Nikolayeviç Tolstoy, Lev Nikolaevics Tolsztoj, Léon Tolstoï, Leon Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Leo Nikolaevitch Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaievich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoï, Lev Nicolaievich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Leo Nikoleyevich Tolstoy, Nikolajević Lav Tolstoj, Lev Nikolàevič Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstói, Lev Nikolaevič Tolstoĭ, Leon Nikolaieich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaevič Tolstòj, Leo Tolstoi; Leo Tolstoy, Lav Nokplajevič Tolstoj, Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevič Tolstoi, Count Leo Tolstoy Tolstoy, Leon Nikolaievich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaievich Tolstoï, Lyof Nikolaivitch Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaevič̌ Tolstoy, Лев Н. Толстой, Lev Nikolatevitsj Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitch Tolstöi, TOLSTOI Lev Nikoláievich, Léo Tolstój, Lev Tolstoi (Leo Tolstoy), Lev Nikolaevitch Tolstoï, Lyof N. Tolstoi (Tolstoy), TOLSTOI COUNT LEO NIKOLAI, Leo Nicholeyevich Tolstoy, Lev Nikolàevič Tolstòj, Leo Nikolaievitch Tolstoy, Lev Nikolajevics Tolsztoj, Leo Tolstoy; Lev Tolsztoj, Liev Nikolaievich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolaewitsch Tolstoi, Leon Nikolaievich Tolstoi, Lev Nikolajewitsj Tolstoj, Lev Nikolaevitch Tolstöi, Lev Nikoláyevich Tolstóy, גרף לב טולסטוי, Tolstoy: Leo; Tolstoi: Leo, Count Leo Tolstoy] Tolstoi, Lev Nyikolajevics Tolsztoj, Léon Tolstói, Lev Nikoláievich Tolstói, Liev Nikolayevich Tolstói, LEV NİKOLAYEVİÇ TOLSTOY, Lew Nikolajewitsch Tolstoi, Leon Nikolaevitch Tolstoï, Leo Nikolajewitsch Tolstoj, Ljef Nikolajewitsj Tolstoj, León Nicolaievich Tolstoy, León Tolstói, Leon Nicolaievitch Tolstoi, Leon Nikolayevitch Tolstoi, Liev Nikoláievich Tolstói, Ljef Nikolájewitsj Tolstoj, Leon Nikolaievitch Tolstói, Ljev Nikolájewitsj Tolstój, Lev NikolaeviÏc Tolstoj, লেভ তলস্তয়, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoï, Tolstoi; León Nicolaievitch, León Nikoláievich Tolstói, Liév Nikoláievitch Tolstói, Léon Nikolaïevitch Tolstoï, graf Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoĭ, Л.Н. граф Толстой, Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Lev Nikolaeviéc Tolstoj, Leo N. Tolstoi/ Leo N. Tolstoj, Comte Léon Tolstoï, Léon Nikolaïévitch Tolstoï, Count. Lev Nikolaevich TOLSTOI, Lyof N. (Leo Tolstoi) Tolstoï, Lyof N. = Tolstoy Tolstoi, Leo, Lav Nikolajevič Tolstoj, Lew Nikolajewitsj Graaf Tolstoj, Count. Leo Nicolaevitch Tolstoy, Leo N. Lev N. / Tolstoi Tolstoj, লেভ তলস্তোয়, লেভ তলস্তয়, Graf Leo Nikolajewitsch Tolstoi, Leo Nikolajewitsch Graf Tolstoi, Liev Nikolayevich Tolstói, Lev Nikolaevitch Tolstöi, Lyof N. Tolstoi [Tolstoy] Tolstoy, Léon (Lev Nikolaevitch] Tolstoï, 1828-1910 Leo Nikoleyevich Tolstoy, לב ניקוליביץ טולסטוי, Liev Nicolaievitch Tolstoi (1828-1910), Illustrated by A. Pakhomov Lev Tolstoi, לב ניקוליביץ טולסטוי, Schriftsteller Lev Nikolaevič Tolstoj, לב ניקוליביץ' טולסטוי, Lév Nicoláievitch Tolstói (1828-1910), Лев Николаевич Тостой, Толстой Лев Николаевич, Лев Николаевич Толстой, Лев Николаевич Толстой, לב ניקוליביץ' טולסטוי, Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1828-1910 Gra, Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1828-1910 Gra, Comte Lev Nicolaïevitch Tolstoï (1828-1910), grāfs Лев Николаевич Толстой, Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1828-1910 Selectio, Leo Tolstoy Translated by Louise Maude with an int, Count Lyof N. Tolstoi (Leo Tolstoy); Nathan Haskell Dole (trans), Лев Толстой, граф, 1828-1910. Л.Н. Толстой., Leo Translated And With An Introduction By Edmonds Tolstoy, Rosemary, Лев Николаевич (Tolstoy Толстой, Lev Nikolaevich), Lev Nikolaevič [Verfasser] Schaffgotsch Tolstoj, Xaver [Mitwirkender], Leo Tolstoy, graf, 1828-1910 ***NOTE: THIS IS A "PRINT ON DEMAND" VERSION FROM THE ORIGINAL BOOK***, Count Lev Nikolayevich (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й Tolstoy, pronounced [lʲef nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪt͡ɕ tɐlˈstoj]

Also includes: Tolstoi (1)

Series

Works by Leo Tolstoy

Anna Karenina (1875) 40,078 copies, 643 reviews
War and Peace (1869) 30,096 copies, 462 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886) 5,737 copies, 159 reviews
Resurrection (1899) 3,171 copies, 40 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories (1859) 2,693 copies, 22 reviews
The Kreutzer Sonata (1889) 1,684 copies, 39 reviews
Childhood, Boyhood, Youth (1856) 1,227 copies, 12 reviews
The Kingdom of God is Within You (1894) 1,177 copies, 7 reviews
Hadji Murat (1912) 1,153 copies, 30 reviews
The Cossacks (1863) 995 copies, 16 reviews
A Confession (1882) 890 copies, 24 reviews
War and Peace (1/2) (1869) 853 copies, 16 reviews
What is art? (1897) 827 copies, 8 reviews
War and Peace (2/2) (1869) 793 copies, 6 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories (2009) 586 copies, 7 reviews
A confession and other religious writings (1882) 572 copies, 2 reviews
Master and Man (1895) 497 copies, 11 reviews
Family Happiness (1859) 483 copies, 15 reviews
Anna Karenina. Vol. 1/2 (1878) 478 copies, 5 reviews
The Sebastopol Sketches (1855) 466 copies, 6 reviews
War and Peace [Norton Critical Edition] (1865) 451 copies, 7 reviews
The Works of Leo Tolstoi (1904) 405 copies, 1 review
Anna Karenina (2/2) (-0001) 369 copies, 4 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilych and Other Stories (1960) 368 copies, 1 review
What Men Live By (1881) 360 copies, 9 reviews
Master and man and other stories (2005) 327 copies, 2 reviews
The Gospel in Brief (Texts & Contexts) (1997) 301 copies, 2 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilych & Master and Man (1981) 271 copies, 1 review
The Cossacks and other stories (1960) 257 copies, 1 review
Walk in the Light and Twenty-Three Tales (1999) 237 copies, 3 reviews
The Devil (1911) 219 copies, 2 reviews
Where Love Is, There God Is Also (1885) 201 copies, 5 reviews
War and Peace: Original Version (2001) 186 copies, 3 reviews
The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Short Stories (1889) 185 copies, 3 reviews
Father Sergius (1911) 182 copies, 9 reviews
The Forged Coupon (1911) 179 copies, 4 reviews
Childhood (1979) 163 copies, 10 reviews
The Cossacks, and The Raid (1852) 160 copies, 1 review
Tolstoy's Short Fiction (1991) 160 copies, 1 review
Short Stories (1975) 156 copies, 2 reviews
The Portable Tolstoy (1978) 152 copies
War and Peace (2/3) (1973) — Author — 117 copies
Fables and Fairy Tales (1960) 108 copies, 4 reviews
What Men Live By and Other Tales (2004) 107 copies, 2 reviews
War and Peace (3/3) (1973) — Author — 104 copies
War and Peace (2/4) (1869) — Author — 104 copies
Strider: The Story of a Horse (1886) — Author, some editions — 103 copies, 2 reviews
War and Peace (1/4) (1869) 101 copies, 1 review
War and Peace (1/3) (1968) — Author — 100 copies
Twenty-Three Tales (1906) 100 copies, 3 reviews
Divine and human : and other stories (2000) 95 copies, 2 reviews
What Then Must We Do? (1886) 89 copies, 1 review
Philipok (2000) 88 copies, 4 reviews
Boyhood (1974) 88 copies, 2 reviews
The death of Ivan Ilyich, and, Confession (2014) 86 copies, 4 reviews
War and Peace (4/4) (1869) 84 copies
Two Hussars (1856) 82 copies, 1 review
War and Peace (3/4) (1869) — Author — 82 copies
The Cossacks / War and Peace / Anna Karenina (2007) — Author — 79 copies
The law of love and the law of violence (1970) 79 copies, 2 reviews
Sus mejores cuentos (1988) 75 copies, 2 reviews
A Prisoner in the Caucasus (1872) 72 copies
Four Great Russian Short Novels (1961) — Contributor — 71 copies
The Death of Ivan Ilyich - The Devil - Father Sergius (1982) — Author — 68 copies, 3 reviews
Ivan the Fool (1885) 67 copies, 2 reviews
Tolstoy Short Stories (2018) 67 copies
The Power of Darkness (1989) 67 copies
A Letter to a Hindu (1997) 61 copies, 2 reviews
The Death of Ivan Ilych & Hadyi Murad (1884) 60 copies, 2 reviews
Polikushka (1863) — Author — 55 copies
Youth (1972) 54 copies
Stories and Legends (1946) 53 copies, 1 review
La muerte de Iván Ilich y otros relatos (1982) 53 copies, 2 reviews
Tolstoy's letters (1978) 50 copies, 1 review
The Live Corpse (1900) — Author — 48 copies, 1 review
Anna Karenina (Norton Critical Editions) (1993) — Author — 47 copies
After the Ball (1903) 46 copies, 1 review
Martin the Cobbler [1977 film] (1977) — Original story — 44 copies
La Guerre et la Paix, tome 1 (2015) 43 copies, 1 review
Vader Sergius en andere verhalen (1974) 43 copies, 1 review
Tolstoy's Diaries (1979) 42 copies
La tormenta de nieve (1856) 40 copies, 1 review
The Godson (1886) 36 copies
The Light Shines in Darkness (2001) — Author — 36 copies
Resurrection (1/2) (1991) 34 copies, 1 review
Resurrection (2/2) (2009) 33 copies
Nikolenka's Childhood (1963) 33 copies, 3 reviews
What I Believe (1999) 32 copies
Tales of Army Life (2020) 32 copies
Tales of Sevastopol the Cossacks (1983) 32 copies, 1 review
The Wisdom Of Leo Tolstoy (Wisdom Library) (1968) 31 copies, 1 review
Volkserzählungen (1983) 30 copies
The Three Questions (1903) 29 copies, 3 reviews
Anna Karénine (1951) 28 copies, 1 review
Anna Karenina (1/3) (1969) — Author — 28 copies
Meistererzählungen (1989) 28 copies, 1 review
Polikushka and Two Hussars (2010) 27 copies
Tolstoy on Education (1967) 27 copies
I quattro libri di lettura (1875) 27 copies
The Slavery Of Our Times (1901) 26 copies
Anna Karenina (3/3) (1969) — Author — 26 copies
Die großen Erzählungen (1930) 25 copies, 1 review
Enfance et adolescence (1990) 25 copies
Uc Olum (1859) 25 copies
On Life: A Critical Edition (2007) 24 copies
Last Diaries (1979) — Author — 24 copies, 2 reviews
Plays (2010) 23 copies
Anna Karenina (2/3) (1969) — Author — 23 copies
Government Is Violence (1990) 22 copies
The Death of Ivan Ilych / Father Sergius (1995) 22 copies, 1 review
Krig och fred II 1806-1812 (2017) 22 copies
El camino de la vida (2019) 22 copies
Russian Stories and Legends (1967) 22 copies
Bethink Yourselves! (2008) 21 copies, 1 review
Tutti i racconti vol. 1 (1991) 21 copies
Obras (1901) 21 copies
Polikusjka : Efter balen (1974) 21 copies
Selected essays (1964) 20 copies
Tutti i racconti vol. 2 (1991) 19 copies
Obras Completas I (2003) 19 copies, 1 review
Anna Karenina 19 copies
Die Kreutzer-Sonate Die Kosaken (1952) — Author — 19 copies, 1 review
Krig och fred III 1812 (2017) 19 copies
The Short Novels of Tolstoy (1946) — Author — 18 copies
Tutti i racconti (2000) 18 copies
Katia (2009) 18 copies, 3 reviews
Die schönsten Erzählungen (1999) 18 copies
The Wisdom of Human Kind (1999) 17 copies
Two Old Men (1885) 17 copies
Cuentos para niños (1972) 17 copies
War and Peace (BBC Dramatization) (1997) 17 copies, 1 review
The Greatest Short Stories (2018) 17 copies
The Cause of it All (1900) 17 copies, 1 review
Three Simple Men: And Other Holy Folktales (2015) 17 copies, 2 reviews
Fruits of Culture (2009) 16 copies
A Manhã de um Senhor (2013) 16 copies
De weg van het leven (1993) 15 copies
Tolstoï : Souvenirs et récits (1961) 15 copies, 1 review
Verhalen en novellen (2015) 15 copies
Ein großer Tag für Vater Martin (1995) 15 copies, 1 review
La muerte de Iván Ilich y otros relatos (1983) 15 copies, 1 review
Utvalgte fortellinger (1974) 14 copies, 1 review
Frühe Erzählungen (1976) 14 copies
LA ESCUELA DE YASNAIA POLIANA (1978) 14 copies, 1 review
Cartas (1979) 14 copies
Varya and Her Greenfinch (1986) 14 copies
The Great Man 14 copies, 1 review
Lives and Deaths: Essential Stories (2019) 14 copies, 2 reviews
Relatos (2008) 14 copies
Obras completas (2004) 13 copies
Alyosha the Pot (1905) 13 copies, 1 review
Recollections and essays (1937) 13 copies
Nine stories, 1855-63 (1934) 13 copies
Meester en knecht (1946) 12 copies
Three Hermits (1886) 12 copies
Geduld ist alles. Geschichten und Gedichte (2016) 12 copies, 1 review
The First Distiller (2010) 12 copies, 1 review
Christianity and patriotism (2013) 11 copies, 2 reviews
Verhalen 11 copies, 1 review
Il risveglio interiore (2010) 11 copies, 2 reviews
Guerra y paz I (2003) 11 copies
My Confession My Religion (1994) 11 copies
Ч. 1-4 (1993) 11 copies
Späte Erzählungen (1976) — Author — 11 copies
Tales (1986) 10 copies
Sulla vita (2012) 10 copies
5 Russian Masters (2003) 10 copies
The ant and the pigeon (1987) 10 copies
Little Philip: A Russian Story (1994) 10 copies, 1 review
Studentenjaren (2011) 9 copies
Tolstoi (2016) 9 copies
De literator en de holbewoner (1964) — Author — 9 copies
[Guerra e pace] 1 (1990) 9 copies
Fortellinger (2017) 9 copies
Contra aquellos que nos gobiernan (2014) 8 copies, 1 review
Der Überfall (1979) 8 copies, 1 review
The novels and other works of Lyof N. Tolstoï (1907) — Author — 8 copies
Povesti i rasskazy (1988) 8 copies
Six Russian Short Novels (1963) 8 copies, 1 review
Cuentos Escogidos (1995) 8 copies
Redemption (2014) 8 copies
[Guerra e pace] 2 (1990) 8 copies
Om vold og kjærlighet (1977) 8 copies
HADJI MURAD AND OTHER STORIES. (2022) — Author — 7 copies
Noveller 7 copies
Anna Karenina, Book 7 (2016) 7 copies
Plody prosveshhenija (1979) 7 copies
Essays and Letters (2009) 7 copies
The inevitable revolution (1975) — Author — 7 copies
Omatuntoja (2013) 7 copies
The lion and the dog (1988) 7 copies
Kreutzersonate / Eine Frage der Schuld (2010) 7 copies, 1 review
ANNA KARÉNINE 7 copies
Voyna i mir: Tom I-II (2000) 7 copies
Une paysanne russe (2003) 6 copies
Placeres Crueles (2014) 6 copies
La guerra y la paz . I (1981) 6 copies
Relatos (2020) 6 copies
Mulheres Fascinantes (2017) 6 copies
Oorlog en vrede (2010) 6 copies
Stories for Children (1977) 6 copies
Correspondencia (2008) 6 copies
War and Peace: v. 2 (2013) 6 copies
Tolstoin tarinoita (1979) 6 copies
Stories (1983) 6 copies
Cuentos (2010) 6 copies
Histórias de Bichos (2013) 6 copies
"Lucerna" y "Albert" (2024) 6 copies, 1 review
Fortellinger og legender (2001) 6 copies
OBRAS. (1976) 6 copies
De dood van een rechter (2024) 6 copies
İvan İlyiç'in Ölümü (2014) 6 copies, 1 review
Ilkgenclik (2015) 6 copies
Teatro 6 copies
Ainsi meurt l'amour (1997) 6 copies
Tagebuch 1895-1898 (1918) 5 copies
Little stories (1971) — Author — 5 copies
I cosacchi e altri racconti (1996) 5 copies, 1 review
Tutti i romanzi 5 copies
Selected Tales 5 copies
Aforismos (2019) 5 copies
Anna Karenina [1985 TV movie] (1995) — Author — 5 copies
My Confession : critique of dogmatic theology (1904) — Author — 5 copies
Un musicien déchu (2000) 5 copies
Fables, Tales and Stories (1960) 5 copies
War And Peace [abridged] (1956) 4 copies
Избранное (1993) 4 copies
Cuentos populares (2004) 4 copies
Obras completas . IV (2004) 4 copies
Guerra e pace II 4 copies, 4 reviews
Nach vierzig Jahren. Volkserzählung (1987) 4 copies, 1 review
Arte de Recomeçar (2017) 4 copies
Die Brüder des Zaren (1964) 4 copies
La sonate à Kreutzer, suivie de Pourquoi? (2011) 4 copies, 2 reviews
Genclik (2015) 4 copies
posthumous works (2007) 4 copies
Oorlog en Vrede 4 copies
Historia de mi infancia (1988) 4 copies
Krig og fred (1979) 4 copies
Memorie di una contadina (2008) 4 copies
Work, Death and Sickness (1903) 4 copies
La vita buona (1996) 4 copies, 1 review
War and Peace Part 1 (2018) 4 copies
Fortællinger 4 copies
The Young Tsar (2015) 4 copies
Essays from Tula (1948) 4 copies
I diari (1997) 4 copies
La verità su mio padre (2004) 4 copies
Rat i mir- tom 1 (2010) 3 copies
Tres tormentas de nieve (2004) 3 copies
Ma Religion 3 copies
Jeunesse suivi de souvenirs. (1971) — Author — 3 copies
Anna Karenina 1.Cilt (2019) 3 copies
Los decembristas (2004) 3 copies
Idylles paysannes (2003) 3 copies
Quale scuola? 3 copies
Detiam (2005) 3 copies
Life (1958) 3 copies
La verdadera vida (1982) 3 copies, 1 review
Anna Karenina / Bind 2 (1994) 3 copies
L'amo i el criat (1984) 3 copies
Wojna i pokoj. Tomy 1-2 (2000) 3 copies
Romanzi brevi (1992) 3 copies
Szevasztopol (2003) 3 copies
Guerre et Paix 2 (2016) 3 copies
Anna Karenina (2015) 3 copies
Nouvelles (1967) 3 copies
Tolstoi's Essay (1922) 3 copies
Tipi (2021) 3 copies
Babine, o tolo 3 copies
No es pot tirar llenya al foc (1994) 3 copies, 1 review
Oorlog en vrede 3 copies
Verhalen 2 3 copies, 1 review
Ljucern (2013) 3 copies
The Great Bear 3 copies
Bir Gencin Drami (2016) 3 copies
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Common Knowledge

Canonical name
Tolstoy, Leo
Legal name
Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich
Other names
Толстой, Лев Николаевич
Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich
Tolstoi, Leo N.
Birthdate
1828-09-09
1828-08-28 (OS)
Date of death
1910-11-20
1910-11-07 (OS)
Burial location
Tolstoy Home, Yasnaya Polyana, Tula, Russia
Gender
male
Nationality
Russia
Birthplace
Yasnaya Polyana, Tula, Russian Empire
Place of death
Astapovo, Ryazan, Russian Empire
Cause of death
pneumonia
Places of residence
Tula Region, Shchekino District, Russian Empire
Moscow, Russian Empire
Kazan, Russian Empire
Education
University of Kazan
Occupations
novelist
short-story writer
playwright
Relationships
Tolstoy, Sophia (wife)
Tolstoy, Alexandra (daughter)
Tolstoy, Tatyana (daughter)
Tolstaya, Tatyana (great-grandniece)
Tolstoy, Ilia (son)
Tolstoy, Aleksey Konstantinovich (second cousin)
Short biography
Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (9 September 1828 – 20 November 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received multiple nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and nominations for Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902 and 1910 and the fact that he never won is a major Nobel prize controversy.

Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, he is best known for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood, and Youth (1852–1856), and Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), Family Happiness (1859), and Hadji Murad (1912). He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays.

In the 1870s Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work A Confession (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. Tolstoy's ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. Tolstoy also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry George, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly Resurrection (1899).

Members

Discussions

Anna Karenina in George Macy devotees (February 2023)
The Death of Ivan Ilyich: Oct-Dec '22 Group Read in Geeks who love the Classics (January 2023)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 2, Part III in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (June 2021)
Group read: War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy in 75 Books Challenge for 2017 (February 2017)
Group Read: War and Peace in 2016 Category Challenge (April 2016)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Intro thread (no spoilers) in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (December 2015)
Anna Karenina Group Read 2013 in 75 Books Challenge for 2013 (July 2014)
Anna Karenina Group Read 2013- Part 2 in 75 Books Challenge for 2013 (April 2013)
TonyH reads in 2012 in Club Read 2012 (January 2013)
New edition of War and Peace? in Fans of Russian authors (July 2012)
WWII, from the inside in History at 30,000 feet: The Big Picture (February 2012)
Who Translated the 1911 Everyman's Library War and Peace? in Fans of Russian authors (September 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 3, Part III in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (July 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 3, Part II in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (July 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 2, Part V in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (July 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 2, Part IV in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (July 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Epilogue II in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (June 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 1, Part 3 spoiler thread in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (June 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Epilogue I in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (June 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 4, Part IV in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (June 2011)
War And Peace in Book talk (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 1, Part 2 spoiler thread in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - "Wrap Up" (spoiler) Thread in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 4, Part III in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 4, Part II in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 1, Part 1 spoiler thread in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 4, Part I in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
War and Peace Group Read 2011 - Vol 3, Part I in 75 Books Challenge for 2011 (May 2011)
***Group Read: Anna Karenina (SPOILERS) in 75 Books Challenge for 2010 (September 2010)
***Group Read: Anna Karenina (Spoiler Free) in 75 Books Challenge for 2010 (August 2010)
Anna Karenina - eromsted in Review Discussions (December 2009)
Group Read: War and Peace in 75 Books Challenge for 2009 (December 2009)
Group Read: Anna Karenina in 75 Books Challenge for 2009 (November 2009)
War and Peace in Fans of Russian authors (April 2009)
War and Peace in 1001 Books to read before you die (May 2008)
Anna Karenina in Someone explain it to me... (May 2008)
war and peace character tree in 1001 Books to read before you die (November 2007)

Reviews

I mean, good lord, what can you say. I am a better human being for reading this book.
 
Flagged
BooksForDinner | 642 other reviews | Jan 3, 2025 |
[Sophia Tolstaya] was real to him only when and because he wanted physical love; he became cold when he was sexually sated, and indifferent to her. The man—artist and husband, wanting to be a saint, on the path toward the renunciation of all power, all wealth, all violence—managed not to cut off his nose to spite his face. "A man," he wrote in a letter, "ought not to set himself the task of chastity, but only the approach towards chastity." — Andrea Dworkin, Intercourse


On Emotional Infection

The first lines of Eugene Onegin (that classic of Russian Sensibility) concern our hero's sick-unto-death uncle. Though Eugene is solicitous in this scene, this only shows that the moribund might — to a certain extent — still have some use for us. It seems the wealthy uncle on his deathbed has a quality in common with the moribund theory of aesthetics: the unspoken anticipation of a transfer of power. Perhaps this explains the construction of Richard Pevear's preface to my edition of this text, which is remarkable in its impudence, "He wanted to purify art of all non-good feelings, all false and enslaving mysteries, all that is ambiguous, irrational, antinomic. He wanted art to progress towards – what? More singing and banging on scythes? More stories about chickens?" (28). I suspect even hardline "Tolstoyans" may have difficulty taking everything in 'What is Art?' "literally and seriously." Pevear recuperates Tolstoy's project by a retreat to an understanding of the text as a "psychological investigation." (This is also how Harold Bloom recuperates Shakespeare's worst excesses — the trick is that every "text" is "psychological.") Instead, I propose that one might read the What is Art? "literally and seriously" as a frank conception of the "Tolstoyan" project.

Perhaps the chief feature of character drama in Tolstoy is the Relapse. Even in Gogol (who is generally the better writer) an afternoon of sweaty scythe-work can change forever a chief character's "relation to the peasant class." Pushkin's Onegin is a steady traipse through the "stages on life's way" in a tragic romance sans-paroxysm. In Tolstoy, an infectious love for the peasant can be cured that same evening with a stroll on the Nevsky Prospect. We find these relapses in Tolstoy particularly "true" since they represent our experience of the cyclic return to "real life." Moments of infectious good-humor (albeit always already presaging a return to the quotidian) seem to reflect the Tolstoyan notion of "Art" described in this text: "Art is that human activity which consists in one man’s consciously conveying to others, by certain external signs, the feelings he has experienced, and in others being infected by those feelings and also experiencing them" (90).

What's interesting about art-as-emotional-infection is that it appears to invert, in its structure, the Tolstoyan "ethics" of chastity. The notion of an uneventful life punctuated by episodes of infectious excitement (followed by the relapse to Normal Relations) seems to be, pardon me, a direct analogy to the sexual relation. Ivan Ilyich who can only sustain a Christian Feeling when he is having his feet rubbed, finds his analog in Dworkin's gloss on Sophia Tolstaya, "cold indifference to her after intercourse, which changed only when he wanted intercourse again. This afflicts her marriage from its beginning until his death" (Dworkin, Intercourse). So perhaps it's not "Intercourse" that's the problem, but the fact of its cyclical recurrence. At this point, one might point to herpetic infection as model for the relation to art that arises from the periodic recurrence of, "others being infected by feelings one has experienced (and also experiencing them)." (Another parallel: The schmaltzy scene of peasant with his "Falcine" sickle has its corollary in the malarial "Falciparum," vector of cyclical fever.)

One of the highlights of this text is Tolstoy's amusing critique of the "artificial" use of leitmotif in Siegfried (186), though one would have suspected that the Wagnerian opera, constructed as a Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art"), would epitomize "infectious" art-work. This seems a bit paradoxical since the notion of "infectious feeling," which frees Tolstoy from the world of contemporary art criticism, gives no criteria for a negative judgment. No matter how "artificial" something might be, Tolstoy acknowledges, "one can get accustomed to anything” (150). We find that, in order to substantiate his ability to make judgments, Tolstoy declares a second movement: "Great works of art are great only because they are accessible and comprehensible to everyone" (151). So Tolstoy returns to the realm of art criticism that he had attempted to depart with the first movement, creating an enclosure for the critical art-object.

This is a problematic closure. (Least of all because one then wonders: For Tolstoy, are great works of art, in their universal appeal, like great works of Intercourse . . . excuse me, perhaps a question for another essay.) We are always already beyond the notion that a peasant woman's simple song, or "stories about chickens" have universal appeal beyond the "Russian Sensibility." (Lispector, of course, is the exception.) What is to be done when confronted by people without a (Russian) Soul; moreover, what of that quantity of persons who don't experience the "infectious feeling" in their Body. Should Tolstoy dismiss his Art or denigrate the critic whose mere existence brings his theory of total "accessibility" into question. Of course, we already have a model for a squabble over inconsequential matters (e.g. Art) between two parties that want to annihilate each other, though they really both want the same thing, i.e. the marital struggle. So we suspect Tolstoy would exclude these critics with the same fervor and indifference he employed in his marriage to Sophia Tolstaya. It seems writers like Tolstoy always have a phrase at hand for Critics who are "unloving" (soul-less) and "unfuckable" (dis-embodied): Frigid Bitches.
… (more)
 
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Joe.Olipo | 7 other reviews | Jan 1, 2025 |
Wow Mr. LT how do you manage to weave such immense emotions and depth in a short number of pages?
 
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KnickKnackKittyKat | 5 other reviews | Dec 31, 2024 |

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