An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another state. Territorial waters have the same sovereign attributes as land, and enclaves may therefore exist within territorial waters. An exclave is a portion of a state geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. Many exclaves are also enclaves. Enclave is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. San Marino and Lesotho are examples of enclaved states. Unlike an enclave, an exclave can be surrounded by several states. Naxçivan is such an exclave. Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves. Enclaves and semi-enclaves can exist as independent states (Monaco, Gambia and Brunei are semi-enclaves), while exclaves always constitute just a part of a sovereign state. A pene-enclave is...
