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Nick K. Jones1,2*, Lucy Rivett1,2*, Chris Workman3, Mark Ferris3, Ashley Shaw1, Cambridge COVID-19 Collaboration1,4, Paul J. Lehner1,4, Rob Howes5, Giles Wright3, Nicholas J. Matheson1,4,6¶, Michael P. Weekes1,7¶1 Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK2 Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England, Cambridge, UK3 Occupational Health and Wellbeing, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK4 Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK5 Cambridge COVID-19 Testing Centre and AstraZeneca, Anne Mclaren Building, Cambridge, UK6 NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK7 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK*Joint first authorship¶Joint last authorshipCorrespondence: [email protected] UK has initiated mass COVID-19 immunisation, with healthcare workers (HCWs) given early priority because of the potential for workplace exposure and risk of onward transmission to patients. The UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has recommended maximising the number of people vaccinated with first doses at the expense of early booster vaccinations, based on single dose efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 disease.1-3At the time of writing, three COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency use authorisation in the UK, including the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). A vital outstanding question is whether this vaccine prevents or promotes asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than symptomatic COVID-19 disease, because sub-clinical infection following vaccination could continue to drive transmission. This is especially important because many UK HCWs have received this vaccine, and nosocomial COVID-19 infection has been a persistent problem.Through the implementation of a 24 h-turnaround PCR-based comprehensive HCW screening programme at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUHNFT), we previously demonstrated the frequent presence of pauci- and asymptomatic infection amongst HCWs during the UK’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.4 Here, we evaluate the effect of first-dose BNT162b2 vaccination on test positivity rates and cycle threshold (Ct) values in the asymptomatic arm of our programme, which now offers weekly screening to all staff.Vaccination of HCWs at CUHNFT began on 8th December 2020, with mass vaccination from 8th January 2021. Here, we analyse data from the two weeks spanning 18thto 31st January 2021, during which: (a) the prevalence of COVID-19 amongst HCWs remained approximately constant; and (b) we screened comparable numbers of vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs. Over this period, 4,408 (week 1) and 4,411 (week 2) PCR tests were performed from individuals reporting well to work. We stratified HCWs <12 days or > 12 days post-vaccination because this was the point at which protection against symptomatic infection began to appear in phase III clinical trial.226/3,252 (0·80%) tests from unvaccinated HCWs were positive (Ct<36), compared to 13/3,535 (0·37%) from HCWs <12 days post-vaccination and 4/1,989 (0·20%) tests from HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination (p=0·023 and p=0·004, respectively; Fisher’s exact test, Figure). This suggests a four-fold decrease in the risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination, compared to unvaccinated HCWs, with an intermediate effect amongst HCWs <12 days post-vaccination.A marked reduction in infections was also seen when analyses were repeated with: (a) inclusion of HCWs testing positive through both the symptomatic and asymptomatic arms of the programme (56/3,282 (1·71%) unvaccinated vs 8/1,997 (0·40%) ≥12 days post-vaccination, 4·3-fold reduction, p=0·00001); (b) inclusion of PCR tests which were positive at the limit of detection (Ct>36, 42/3,268 (1·29%) vs 15/2,000 (0·75%), 1·7-fold reduction, p=0·075); and (c) extension of the period of analysis to include six weeks from December 28th to February 7th 2021 (113/14,083 (0·80%) vs 5/4,872 (0·10%), 7·8-fold reduction, p=1x10-9). In addition, the median Ct value of positive tests showed a non-significant trend towards increase between unvaccinated HCWs and HCWs > 12 days post-vaccination (23·3 to 30·3, Figure), suggesting that samples from vaccinated individuals had lower viral loads.We therefore provide real-world evidence for a high level of protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection after a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, at a time of predominant transmission of the UK COVID-19 variant of concern 202012/01 (lineage B.1.1.7), and amongst a population with a relatively low frequency of prior infection (7.2% antibody positive).5This work was funded by a Wellcome Senior Clinical Research Fellowship to MPW (108070/Z/15/Z), a Wellcome Principal Research Fellowship to PJL (210688/Z/18/Z), and an MRC Clinician Scientist Fellowship (MR/P008801/1) and NHSBT workpackage (WPA15-02) to NJM. Funding was also received from Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust and the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. We also acknowledge contributions from all staff at CUHNFT Occupational Health and Wellbeing and the Cambridge COVID-19 Testing Centre.

Scene flow tracks the three-dimensional (3D) motion of each point in adjacent point clouds. It provides fundamental 3D motion perception for autonomous driving and server robot. Although the Red Green Blue Depth (RGBD) camera or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) capture discrete 3D points in space, the objects and motions usually are continuous in the macro world. That is, the objects keep themselves consistent as they flow from the current frame to the next frame. Based on this insight, the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is utilized to self-learn 3D scene flow with no need for ground truth. The fake point cloud of the second frame is synthesized from the predicted scene flow and the point cloud of the first frame. The adversarial training of the generator and discriminator is realized through synthesizing indistinguishable fake point cloud and discriminating the real point cloud and the synthesized fake point cloud. The experiments on Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) scene flow dataset show that our method realizes promising results without ground truth. Just as human, the proposed method can identify the similar local structures of two adjacent frames even without knowing the ground truth scene flow. Then, the local correspondence can be correctly estimated, and further the scene flow is correctly estimated.   Corresponding author(s) Email: [email protected]

Leukocyte differential test is a widely performed clinical procedure for screening infectious diseases. Existing hematology analyzers require labor-intensive work and a panel of expensive reagents. Here we report an artificial-intelligence enabled reagent-free imaging hematology analyzer (AIRFIHA) modality that can accurately classify subpopulations of leukocytes with minimal sample preparation. AIRFIHA is realized through training a two-step residual neural network using label-free images of isolated leukocytes acquired from a custom-built quantitative phase microscope. By leveraging the rich information contained in quantitative phase images, we not only achieved high accuracy in differentiating B and T lymphocytes, but also classified CD4 and CD8 cells, therefore outperforming the classification accuracy of most current hematology analyzers. We validated the performance of AIRFIHA in a randomly selected test set and cross-validated it across all blood donors. Owing to its easy operation, low cost, and accurate discerning capability of complex leukocyte subpopulations, we envision AIRFIHA is clinically translatable and can also be deployed in resource-limited settings, e.g., during pandemic situations for the rapid screening of infectious diseases.  Corresponding author(s) Email:    [email protected],  [email protected]

Tam Hunt [1], Jonathan SchoolerUniversity of California Santa Barbara Synchronization, harmonization, vibrations, or simply resonance in its most general sense seems to have an integral relationship with consciousness itself. One of the possible “neural correlates of consciousness” in mammalian brains is a combination of gamma, beta and theta synchrony. More broadly, we see similar kinds of resonance patterns in living and non-living structures of many types. What clues can resonance provide about the nature of consciousness more generally? This paper provides an overview of resonating structures in the fields of neuroscience, biology and physics and attempts to coalesce these data into a solution to what we see as the “easy part” of the Hard Problem, which is generally known as the “combination problem” or the “binding problem.” The combination problem asks: how do micro-conscious entities combine into a higher-level macro-consciousness? The proposed solution in the context of mammalian consciousness suggests that a shared resonance is what allows different parts of the brain to achieve a phase transition in the speed and bandwidth of information flows between the constituent parts. This phase transition allows for richer varieties of consciousness to arise, with the character and content of that consciousness in each moment determined by the particular set of constituent neurons. We also offer more general insights into the ontology of consciousness and suggest that consciousness manifests as a relatively smooth continuum of increasing richness in all physical processes, distinguishing our view from emergentist materialism. We refer to this approach as a (general) resonance theory of consciousness and offer some responses to Chalmers’ questions about the different kinds of “combination problem.”  At the heart of the universe is a steady, insistent beat: the sound of cycles in sync…. [T]hese feats of synchrony occur spontaneously, almost as if nature has an eerie yearning for order. Steven Strogatz, Sync: How Order Emerges From Chaos in the Universe, Nature and Daily Life (2003) If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.Nikola Tesla (1942) I.               Introduction Is there an “easy part” and a “hard part” to the Hard Problem of consciousness? In this paper, we suggest that there is. The harder part is arriving at a philosophical position with respect to the relationship of matter and mind. This paper is about the “easy part” of the Hard Problem but we address the “hard part” briefly in this introduction.  We have both arrived, after much deliberation, at the position of panpsychism or panexperientialism (all matter has at least some associated mind/experience and vice versa). This is the view that all things and processes have both mental and physical aspects. Matter and mind are two sides of the same coin.  Panpsychism is one of many possible approaches that addresses the “hard part” of the Hard Problem. We adopt this position for all the reasons various authors have listed (Chalmers 1996, Griffin 1997, Hunt 2011, Goff 2017). This first step is particularly powerful if we adopt the Whiteheadian version of panpsychism (Whitehead 1929).  Reaching a position on this fundamental question of how mind relates to matter must be based on a “weight of plausibility” approach, rather than on definitive evidence, because establishing definitive evidence with respect to the presence of mind/experience is difficult. We must generally rely on examining various “behavioral correlates of consciousness” in judging whether entities other than ourselves are conscious – even with respect to other humans—since the only consciousness we can know with certainty is our own. Positing that matter and mind are two sides of the same coin explains the problem of consciousness insofar as it avoids the problems of emergence because under this approach consciousness doesn’t emerge. Consciousness is, rather, always present, at some level, even in the simplest of processes, but it “complexifies” as matter complexifies, and vice versa. Consciousness starts very simple and becomes more complex and rich under the right conditions, which in our proposed framework rely on resonance mechanisms. Matter and mind are two sides of the coin. Neither is primary; they are coequal.  We acknowledge the challenges of adopting this perspective, but encourage readers to consider the many compelling reasons to consider it that are reviewed elsewhere (Chalmers 1996, Griffin 1998, Hunt 2011, Goff 2017, Schooler, Schooler, & Hunt, 2011; Schooler, 2015).  Taking a position on the overarching ontology is the first step in addressing the Hard Problem. But this leads to the related questions: at what level of organization does consciousness reside in any particular process? Is a rock conscious? A chair? An ant? A bacterium? Or are only the smaller constituents, such as atoms or molecules, of these entities conscious? And if there is some degree of consciousness even in atoms and molecules, as panpsychism suggests (albeit of a very rudimentary nature, an important point to remember), how do these micro-conscious entities combine into the higher-level and obvious consciousness we witness in entities like humans and other mammals?  This set of questions is known as the “combination problem,” another now-classic problem in the philosophy of mind, and is what we describe here as the “easy part” of the Hard Problem. Our characterization of this part of the problem as “easy”[2] is, of course, more than a little tongue in cheek. The authors have discussed frequently with each other what part of the Hard Problem should be labeled the easier part and which the harder part. Regardless of the labels we choose, however, this paper focuses on our suggested solution to the combination problem.  Various solutions to the combination problem have been proposed but none have gained widespread acceptance. This paper further elaborates a proposed solution to the combination problem that we first described in Hunt 2011 and Schooler, Hunt, and Schooler 2011. The proposed solution rests on the idea of resonance, a shared vibratory frequency, which can also be called synchrony or field coherence. We will generally use resonance and “sync,” short for synchrony, interchangeably in this paper. We describe the approach as a general resonance theory of consciousness or just “general resonance theory” (GRT). GRT is a field theory of consciousness wherein the various specific fields associated with matter and energy are the seat of conscious awareness.  A summary of our approach appears in Appendix 1.  All things in our universe are constantly in motion, in process. Even objects that appear to be stationary are in fact vibrating, oscillating, resonating, at specific frequencies. So all things are actually processes. Resonance is a specific type of motion, characterized by synchronized oscillation between two states.  An interesting phenomenon occurs when different vibrating processes come into proximity: they will often start vibrating together at the same frequency. They “sync up,” sometimes in ways that can seem mysterious, and allow for richer and faster information and energy flows (Figure 1 offers a schematic). Examining this phenomenon leads to potentially deep insights about the nature of consciousness in both the human/mammalian context but also at a deeper ontological level.

Cannabis sativa is an extraordinarily versatile species. Hemp and its cousin marijuana, both C. sativa, have been used for millennia as a source of fibre, oil and for medicinal, spiritual and recreational purposes. Because the consumption of Cannabis can have psychoactive effects, the plant has been widely banned throughout the last century. In the past decade, evidence of its medicinal properties did lead to the relaxation of legislation in many countries around the world. Consequently, the genetics and development of Cannabis as well as Cannabis-derived products are the subject of renewed attention.Here, we review the biology of C. sativa, including recent insights from taxonomy, morphology and genomics, with an emphasis on the genetics of cannabinoid synthesis. Because the female Cannabis flower is of special interest as the site of cannabinoid synthesis, we explore flower development, flowering time well as the species’ unique sex determination system in detail. Furthermore, we outline the tremendous medicinal, engineering, and environmental opportunities that Cannabis bears. Together, the picture emerges that our understanding of Cannabis biology currently progresses at an unusual speed. A future challenge will be to preserve the multi-purpose nature of Cannabis, and to harness its medicinal properties and sustainability advantages simultaneously.

Quantum chemistry must evolve if it wants to fully leverage the benefits of the internet age, where the world wide web offers a vast tapestry of tools that enable users to communicate and interact with complex data at the speed and convenience of a button press. The Open Chemistry project has developed an open source framework that offers an end-to-end solution for producing, sharing, and visualizing quantum chemical data interactively on the web using an array of modern tools and approaches. These tools build on some of the best open source community projects such as Jupyter for interactive online notebooks, coupled with 3D accelerated visualization, state-of-the-art computational chemistry codes including NWChem and Psi4 and emerging machine learning and data mining tools such as ChemML and ANI. They offer flexible formats to import and export data, along with approaches to compare computational and experimental data.

This paper responds to one by Graham Martin and colleagues, who offered a critique of my previous publications on masks for the lay public in the Covid-19 pandemic. I address their charges that my co-authors and I had misapplied the precautionary principle; drawn conclusions that were not supported by empirical research; and failed to take account of potential harms. But before that, I remind Martin et al that the evidence on mask wearing goes beyond the contested trials and observational studies they place centre stage. I set out some key findings from basic science, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, case studies and natural experiments, and use this rich and diverse body of evidence as the backdrop for my rebuttal of their narrowly-framed objections. I challenge my critics’ apparent assumption that a particular kind of systematic review should be valorised over narrative and real-world evidence, since stories are crucial to both our scientific understanding and our moral imagination. I conclude by thanking my academic adversaries for the intellectual sparring match, but exhort them to remember our professional accountability to a society in crisis. It is time to lay straw men to rest and engage, scientifically and morally, with the dreadful tragedy that is unfolding across the world.

This Supporting information includes interactive plots, videos, and data captured while performing evaluation and validation experiments for our paper. 

The construct of wellbeing has been criticised as a neoliberal construction of western individualism that ignores wider systemic issues including increasing burden of chronic disease, widening inequality, concerns over environmental degradation and anthropogenic climate change. While these criticisms overlook recent developments, there remains a need for biopsychosocial models that extend theoretical grounding beyond individual wellbeing, incorporating overlapping contextual issues relating to community and environment. Our first GENIAL model \cite{Kemp_2017} provided a more expansive view of pathways to longevity in the context of individual health and wellbeing, emphasising bidirectional links to positive social ties and the impact of sociocultural factors. In this paper, we build on these ideas and propose GENIAL 2.0, focusing on intersecting individual-community-environmental contributions to health and wellbeing, and laying an evidence-based, theoretical framework on which future research and innovative therapeutic innovations could be based. We suggest that our transdisciplinary model of wellbeing - focusing on individual, community and environmental contributions to personal wellbeing - will help to move the research field forward. In reconceptualising wellbeing, GENIAL 2.0 bridges the gap between psychological science and population health health systems, and presents opportunities for enhancing the health and wellbeing of people living with chronic conditions. Implications for future generations including the very survival of our species are discussed.  

Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield across global regions is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control and pollination services in adjacent crops using a global dataset of 529 sites. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.

Researchers' ability to accurately screen fossil and subfossil specimens for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation on a broad scale but are of nominal use for specimens of similar depositional environments. Cell and tissue biomolecular histology is thus proposed as a novel proxy for determining sequence preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy. Biomolecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why fossils/subfossils of some depositional environments preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies.

IntroductionConsistent with World Health Organization (WHO) advice [1], UK Infection Protection Control guidance recommends that healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should use fluid resistant surgical masks type IIR (FRSMs) as respiratory protective equipment (RPE), unless aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) are being undertaken or are likely, when a filtering face piece 3 (FFP3) respirator should be used [2]. In a recent update, an FFP3 respirator is recommended if “an unacceptable risk of transmission remains following rigorous application of the hierarchy of control” [3]. Conversely, guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that HCWs caring for patients with COVID-19 should use an N95 or higher level respirator [4]. WHO guidance suggests that a respirator, such as FFP3, may be used for HCWs in the absence of AGPs if availability or cost is not an issue [1].A recent systematic review undertaken for PHE concluded that: “patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are breathing, talking or coughing generate both respiratory droplets and aerosols, but FRSM (and where required, eye protection) are considered to provide adequate staff protection” [5]. Nevertheless, FFP3 respirators are more effective in preventing aerosol transmission than FRSMs, and observational data suggests that they may improve protection for HCWs [6]. It has therefore been suggested that respirators should be considered as a means of affording the best available protection [7], and some organisations have decided to provide FFP3 (or equivalent) respirators to HCWs caring for COVID-19 patients, despite a lack of mandate from local or national guidelines [8].Data from the HCW testing programme at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUHNFT) during the first wave of the UK severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic indicated a higher incidence of infection amongst HCWs caring for patients with COVID-19, compared with those who did not [9]. Subsequent studies have confirmed this observation [10, 11]. This disparity persisted at CUHNFT in December 2020, despite control measures consistent with PHE guidance and audits indicating good compliance. The CUHNFT infection control committee therefore implemented a change of RPE for staff on “red” (COVID-19) wards from FRSMs to FFP3 respirators. In this study, we analyse the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs before and after this transition.

Among the various connection forms of tubular joints, tube-gusset joints are widely used in practical engineering due to their simple structure and convenient manufacturing process. When the bearing capacity of the tubular joint is insufficient, filling the chord with concrete has proven to be an effective method of strengthening. However, fewer studies have been conducted on the failure mechanism, force transmission mechanism, and bearing capacity calculation model of the concrete-filled circular steel tubular (CFCST)-gusset joints. In this study, four CFCST-gusset K-joints and one circular hollow section (CHS)-gusset K-joint were experimentally tested, considering parameters such as the chordal diameter-thickness ratio ( γ), the web to chord diameter ratio ( β) and wall thickness ratio ( τ), the gusset plate to web thickness ratio ( t g/ t i). According to experimental investigation, the finite element method (FEM) was employed to analyse the influence of these parameters on the mechanical behaviour of the CFCST-gusset K-joints. The results show that the CFCST-gusset K-joints exhibited two distinct failure modes, namely, web member failure and gusset plate failure. However, the CHS-gusset K-joint failed due to the excessive plastic deformation of the chord tube. The gusset plate to web thickness ratio t g/ t i is the most critical factor affecting the failure patterns and bearing capacity of the CFCST-gusset K-joints. The value of t g/ t i should be larger than 2 in practical engineering to prevent joint failure. A least-square method was used to fit the bearing capacity computational model of the CFCST-gusset K-joints. Regression validation confirmed the high accuracy of this computational model.

A Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model base on deep learning has been proposed for predicting low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) life. By analyzing the LCF and TMF data of compacted graphite iron (CGI), characteristic parameters were identified that can simultaneously represent both types of fatigue, achieving a unification of the parameters for the two fatigue life models. The incorporation of fatigue life physical information as a constraint in the loss function of the deep neural network enabled accurate predictions of LCF and TMF for CGI under small-sample conditions. Comparative analysis results indicated that the deep learning-based PINN model outperformed traditional machine learning models in terms of prediction accuracy. Additionally, comparisons with traditional LCF and TMF life prediction models showed that the deep learning-based PINN model achieves high prediction accuracy while possessing generalization and extrapolation capabilities unattainable by traditional models. These results demonstrate that the PINN model exhibits high accuracy and versatility.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), when left untreated, transitions into chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of CD4 + T lymphocytes has long been associated with determining the disease fate due to their ability to modulate the immune response by releasing cytokines and assisting the actions of CD8 + T lymphocytes, macrophages and aiding in the secretion of immunoglobulins by B cells. In this review, we focus on the roles of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and TFH cells and the signaling cascades driving AKI progression, resolution, and cell death. Murine models have been pivotal in elucidating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine modulation. Diagnosing AKI requires potent biomarkers to assess disease severity and outcomes, which, coupled with immunological insights, could improve AKI treatment and reduce mortality. This review provides a roadmap of immune dynamics from AKI onset through resolution and related cell death events.

Reading comprehension and arithmetic computation are core components of academic ability in children. How they are learned and their neuro-cognitive foundations have long been key topics in pedagogy, psychology, educational neuroscience, and learning science. Previous research has predominantly focused on the cognitive mechanisms underlying reading comprehension or arithmetic computation from a disciplinary domain-specific perspective. The visual form-perception hypothesis, grounded in a disciplinary domain-general perspective, posits that visual form perception serves as a shared cognitive foundation for both reading and arithmetic abilities in children, with the lateral occipital complex potentially being a key brain region involved in language ability, mathematical ability and visual form perception This hypothesis not only advances theories regarding the cognitive neural basis underlying the development of reading comprehension and arithmetic computation, but also offers novel insights for teaching--learning theories and educational practices. Future research should explore the visual form perception hypothesis through longitudinal studies, investigations into cognitive mechanisms, and causality assessments

Aiming at the problem of access delay caused by the contention of resource requests from a large-scale distributed Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network leading to unavoidable conflicts, we propose a grant-free access scheme based on the prediction channel. Specifically, we spread the transmit signals over multiple subcarriers by spreading the frequency, and summaries the signal detection problem for grant -free access as a multi-measurement vector (MMV) compression sensing problem. The channel is estimated based on beacon, and the orthogonal approximation message passing (OAMP)-MMV algorithm is used. Sparsity ratio and noise variance are learnt using variational inference (VI). Finally, the likelihood ratio (LLR) is used to identify the active nodes. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme outperforms various baseline schemes and achieves low-latency and highly reliable random access.

Theoretical frameworks and measurements for interpersonal emotion regulation in adults are well-established. However, the understanding of interpersonal emotion regulation in young children remains unclear, and no measurement tools exist for their specific strategies. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire for assessing interpersonal emotion regulation in children aged 3-6. Through a series of four studies, we developed the Children’s Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale (CIERS). The final scale comprises 21 items across five factors: Extrinsic Emotion Improvement, Receiving Comfort from Others, Positive Emotion Sharing, Extrinsic Emotion Worsening, and Self-Soothing. The scale demonstrates excellent psychometric properties. Implications for future research are discussed. Moreover, no gender and age differences were found in each IER dimension. This research contributes to the broader emotion regulation literature by elucidating IER strategies in young children.

Storytelling is one of the beloved teaching methods for language teachers to enhance cognitive abilities and promote second language acquisition for young learners. Thus, teachers need to learn how to evaluate the storybooks as the quality of material will affect their teaching success. However, past studies have yet to look into how teachers can analyse storybooks through gamified perspectives in a field of Teach English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), although many textbook evaluative methods exist. By utilising Chou’s (2015) Octalysis framework, the eight motivational core drives help teachers approach storytelling innovatively (e.g., Chris Haughton’s ”Do not Worry, Little Crab”) through proactive sociocultural perspectives to make proper adjustments in teaching vocabulary and the moral of a story to young students, based on my teaching experiences with wealthy grade 1 students (e.g., Han and Tibetan students) from private educational institutions in [] district, [] city, China. Consequently, incorporating gamification elements in storytelling can help teachers understand its strengths and weaknesses, advancing the current knowledge about the opportunities of using gamification in educational fields. Future teachers and educators should consider ways to motivate students following this approach in their teaching environments and thus make proper pedagogical adaptations.

Background Borderline personality disorder is linked to challenges such as low career success, relationship difficulties, increased conflicts, and lower life satisfaction, often due to poor distress tolerance and high aggression. Psychotherapy is the main treatment, with medication as a supplementary option. This study investigates the effectiveness of imagery rescripting in reducing aggression and improving distress tolerance compared to medication-as-usual. Method The study used an experimental design with pre-tests and post-tests and included a control group. Thirty-two individuals with borderline personality disorder were matched and assigned to experimental and control groups. Over 5 weeks, the experimental group received one weekly session of mental imagery reconstruction along with medication-as-usual, while the control group only received medication-as-usual. Findings The results indicated that imagery rescripting along with medication can be effective in reducing aggression from 103.53 to 86.93 (mean = 16.60, SD = 6.23, p = 0.000) and increasing distress tolerance from 26.86 to 38.59 (mean = 11.73, SD = 5.37, p = 0.000) in people with borderline personality disorder, and medication alone is also effective in reducing aggression from 104.64 to 85.78 (mean = 18.85, SD = 9.13, p = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference in the aggression scale between the two groups (mean = 1.14, SD = 3.13, p = 0.717). Conclusion The imagery rescripting technique may help individuals with BPD reduce self-directed anger and improve emotional tolerance by addressing the roots of unpleasant emotions. This technique shows promise in enhancing distress tolerance and potentially decreasing self-harming behaviors.

While advancements in the prediction of wind turbine loads and wakes within the actuator line method large eddy simulation (ALM-LES) framework have been an active research topic in recent years, the modelling of the tower and nacelle has received comparatively less attention. This paper investigates different numerical modelling methods for the representation of the support structure and discusses the implications and trade offs associated with each method. Three support structure modelling approaches are investigated: explicitly meshing the support structure; a direct forcing meshless representation; and a combination of actuator disc/line method for the representation of the nacelle/tower. All methods contribute to a more realistic representation of the near wake mean flow when compared to experimental measurements. In the measured far wake, the interaction between the tower and rotor wakes creates asymmetries in the mean flow profiles. The meshed and cell-blocking numerical representations are capable of replicating these far wake asymmetries. In contrast, the actuator method has a less pronounced effect on the far wake mean flow.

Title PageManuscript type: Case Image

Digital pre-distortion (DPD) technology is an efficient method to linearize power amplifiers (PAs). Current DPD techniques usually demand a sampling rate 5-7 times the source signal bandwidth in order to produce an effective pre-distorted signal. Nevertheless, since the signal bandwidth in 5G systems typically exceeds 100MHz, the needed sampling rate will significantly raise the power consumption. Thus, a low sampling rate pre-distortion structure is proposed in this letter. The structure only conducts linear operations in the digital domain and then utilizes the nonlinearity of the compensatory PA to directly generate a pre-distorted signal in the analog domain. The simulation results show that the suggested technique can achieve a similar suppression performance as conventional schemes when the sampling rate reduced to the same as the bandwidth of the source signal.

In this work, the CCS-mass trends of ion mobility-derived collision cross section (IM-derived CCS) of negatively and singly charged iron metal center (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) coordinated with 3 or 4 ligands being halides or carboxylate generated by electrospray operating in negative ionization mode have been reported. The CCS-mass trends were fitted using the equation CCS = A ×mass pow (where A is an apparent density parameter and pow is an apparent rotationally averaged shape parameters). The value of the pow parameter is generally between 0.5 to 1, where 2/3 corresponds to the pow value describing a spherical shape as sensed by ion mobility. Iron-halide complexes led to pow parameters well below the typical limit of 0.5, which could only be explained by refining the fitting equation using a linear combination of these A and pow parameters. The latter find their physical meaning in terms of inhomogeneous mass distribution within the rotationally averaged volume of the iron-ligands complex ions. By acquiring the CCS-mass trend of iron-halide and iron-carboxylate complexes, it was possible to predict the IM-derived CCS and the CCS-mass trends of any combination of iron-halides/carboxylates complexes. The results show no differences in trend between planar trigonal and tetrahedral geometries according to valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (Gillespie-Nyholm models)