This article is about the year 1883.
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1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII ) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar , the 1883rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 83rd year of the 19th century , and the 4th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1883, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
January–March [ edit ] April–June [ edit ] July–September [ edit ]
July 3 – The SS Daphne disaster in Glasgow leaves 124 dead.July 4 – The world's first rodeo is held in Pecos, Texas .July 22 – Zulu King Cetshwayo barely escapes a rebel attack with his life.August
August 12 – The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam .August 21 – An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota , leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic .August 26 –August 27 – Krakatoa volcano erupts at 10:02 AM (local time); 163 villages are destroyed, 36,380 killed by tsunami.August 29 – Dunfermline Carnegie Library , the first Carnegie library , is opened in Andrew Carnegie 's hometown, Dunfermline , Scotland.September 11 – Major Evelyn Baring becomes Consul-General of Egypt under British rule .September 15
September 29 – A consortium of flour mill operators in Minneapolis forms the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports but avoid the high tariffs of Chicago.
October–December [ edit ]
October 1 – Sydney Boys High School (the first boys' public school) is founded in Sydney, Australia.
October 4
October 15 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race .October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón , by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific .October 24 – Cardiff University , Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire).October 30 – Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground , injuring several people. The next day, Home Secretary Vernon Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground and introduces the Explosives Bill.November 3 – American Old West : Self-described "Black Bart the Po-8" makes his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture.November 14 – Chile's National Library of Congress is founded.November 18 – U.S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones , ending the confusion of thousands of local times.November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington .December 5 – Five people are killed in the Bisbee Massacre , the robbery of a general store by bandits in Bisbee, Arizona .[2]
Date unknown [ edit ]
German bacteriologist Robert Koch discovers the cholera bacillus .
Antoni Gaudí begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it will be consecrated in 2010 ).Duncan, Arizona , is founded.The suburb of Ingleburn , in Sydney, Australia, is established.
Construction of Speicherstadt as a free zone in the Port of Hamburg begins.
During construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high concentrations of nickel –copper ore at Murray Mine on the edge of the Sudbury Basin located near Sudbury, Ontario , Canada.
Otto von Bismarck pushes the first social security law through the Reichstag .A depression starts in Seattle , United States.
The British Parliament considers a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British community rises in protest and defeats the measure.
The Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by General Porfirio Díaz 's political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands and to retain one third of the land they survey.
Bernard Kroger establishes the first Kroger grocery store , in Cincinnati , Ohio .The first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created in France.
Founding of:
January–February [ edit ]
January 1
January 3 – Clement Attlee , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967 )January 4 – Johanna Westerdijk , Dutch plant pathologist (d. 1961 )January 5 – Döme Sztójay , prime minister of Hungary (d. 1946 )January 6 – Kahlil Gibran , Lebanese poet, painter, and novelist (d. 1931 )January 10
January 16 – Hugh Oswald Short , British aviation pioneer and aircraft builder, youngest of the Short Brothers (d. 1969 )January 19 - Waite Phillips , American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1964 )January 20
January 21 – Olav Aukrust , Norwegian poet (d. 1929 )January 30 – Eddie Collins , American vaudeville-veteran comic (d. 1940 )February 8 – Joseph Alois Schumpeter , Austrian economist (d. 1950 )February 9 – Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot , German architect, interior designer and designer (d. 1960 )February 15 – Sax Rohmer , English author (d. 1959 )February 16 – Elizabeth Craig , British writer (d. 1980 )February 18 – Nikos Kazantzakis , Greek writer (d. 1957 )February 22
February 23 – Karl Jaspers , German philosopher (d. 1969 )February 28 – Gheorghe Argeșanu , 40th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1940 )
March–April [ edit ]
March 3 – Cyril Burt , educational psychologist (d. 1971 )March 4
March 7 – Michael Somogyi , Hungarian-American biochemist and professor (d. 1971 )March 19
March 24 – Dorothy Campbell , Scottish golfer (d. 1945 )March 27 – Dimitrios Semsis , Greek violinist (d. 1950)April 1
April 5 – Walter Huston , Canadian-born American actor (d. 1950 )April 11 – Leonard Mudie , English actor (d. 1965 )April 12 – Dally Messenger , Australian rugby league player (d. 1959 )April 15 – Stanley Bruce , eighth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1967 )April 25 – Semyon Budyonny , Cossack cavalryman and Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1973 )April 27 – Hubert Harrison , African American writer, critic, and activist (d. 1927 )April 30 – Jaroslav Hašek , Czech writer (d. 1923 )
May–June [ edit ]
May 1 – Tom Moore , Irish-American actor (d. 1955 )May 5
May 9 – José Ortega y Gasset , Spanish philosopher (d. 1955 )May 10 – Eugen Leviné , Communist leader of the Munich Soviet Republic (d. 1919 )May 14 – Charlie Seeling , New Zealand born rugby player d. 1956 )May 16 – Celâl Bayar , Turkish politician, statesman and the third President of Turkey (d. 1986 )May 18
May 23
May 24 – Elsa Maxwell , American gossip columnist and international party giver (d. 1963 )May 25 – Lesley J. McNair , American general (d. 1944 )May 26 – Mamie Smith , American Vaudeville singer (d. 1943 )May 27 – Jessie Arms Botke , American artist (d. 1971 )May 28 – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar , Indian pro-independence activist and Hindu nationalist (d. 1966 )May 31 – Lauri Kristian Relander , President of Finland (d. 1942 )June 5 – John Maynard Keynes , English economist (d. 1946 )June 7 – Sylvanus G. Morley , American scholar and World War I spy (d. 1948 )June 11 – Aubrey Fitch , American admiral (d. 1978 )June 18 – Mary Alden , American stage & screen actress (d. 1946 )June 20 – Royal E. Ingersoll , American admiral (d. 1976 )June 21 – Lluís Companys , President of Catalonia (d. 1940 )June 24 – Victor Francis Hess , Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964 )June 28 – Pierre Laval , Prime Minister of France (d. 1945 )June 29 – Lothrop Stoddard , American eugenicist and Radical scientific racist (d. 1950 )
July–August [ edit ]
July 1
July 3 – Franz Kafka , Austrian writer (d. 1924 )July 4 – Rube Goldberg , American cartoonist (d. 1970 )July 7 – Toivo Kuula , Finnish composer (d. 1918 )July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz , German general (d. 1948 )July 16 – Charles Sheeler , American photographer and artist (d. 1965 )July 19 – Max Fleischer , Austrian animator and film producer (Betty Boop ) (d. 1972 )July 20 – Catherine Bramwell-Booth , English Officer in The Salvation Army (d. 1987 )
July 23 – Stuart Paton , British screenwriter and film director (d. 1944 )July 25 – Alfredo Casella , Italian composer (d. 1947 )July 26 – Edwin Balmer , American science fiction and mystery writer (d. 1959 )July 28 – Angela Hitler , Austrian elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler (d. 1949 )July 29
August 2 – Aurelio Mosquera , Ecuadorian politician, 25th President of Ecuador (d. 1939 )August 9 – Chester Gillette , American murderer (d. 1908 by execution)August 12
August 15 – Ivan Meštrović , Croatian sculptor and architect, (d. 1962 )August 19
August 23
August 30 – Theo van Doesburg , Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931 )
September–October [ edit ]
September 2 – Rudolf Weigl , Polish biologist (d. 1957 )September 13 – August Zaleski , former President of Poland (d. 1972 )September 14 – Gadicherla Harisarvottama Rao , Indian journalist and independence activist (d. 1960 )September 15 – Esteban Terradas i Illa , Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950 )September 22 – Ferenc Oslay , Hungarian -Slovene historian, writer and irredenta (d. 1932 )October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi , Austrian civil engineer and "father of soil mechanics" (d. 1963 )October 8 – Otto Heinrich Warburg , German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970 )October 15 – Robert L. Ghormley , American admiral (d. 1958 )October 21 – D. S. Senanayake , 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1952 )October 26 – Paul Pilgrim , American athlete (d. 1958 )October 30 – Bob Jones, Sr. , American evangelist, pioneer religious broadcaster, and founder and first president of Bob Jones University (d. 1968 )October 31 – Anthony Wilding , New Zealand tennis player (d. 1915 )
November–December [ edit ]
November 3 – Chaturbhuj Sahay , Samrth Guru and Spiritual Reformer (d. 1957 )November 4 – Nikolaos Plastiras , Greek general and politician (d. 1953 )November 8 – Arnold Bax , English composer (d. 1953 )November 9 – Edna May Oliver , stage and film character actress (d. 1942 )November 11 – Ernest Ansermet , Swiss conductor (d. 1969 )November 14 – Ado Birk , 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942 )November 18 – Carl Vinson , U.S. Congressman (d. 1981 )November 25
December 3 – Anton Webern , Austrian composer (d. 1945 )December 9
December 10 – Giovanni Messe , Italian field marshal and politician (d. 1968 )December 12
December 13 – Belle da Costa Greene , American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (d. 1950 )December 14 – Morihei Ueshiba , Japanese martial artist and founder of aikido (d. 1969 )December 16
December 17 – Raimu , French actor (d. 1946)December 22
December 25 – Hugo Bergmann , German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (d. 1975 )December 26 – Maurice Utrillo , French artist and illustrator (d. 1955 )December 28 – Lloyd Fredendall , American general (d. 1963 )December 29 – Forrest Taylor , American stage, film and television actor (d. 1965 )December 31 – Leo Otis Colbert , American admiral and engineer, third Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (d. 1968 )
Date unknown [ edit ] January–June [ edit ]
January 8 – Miska Magyarics , Slovene poet in Hungary (b. 1825 )January 10
January 23 – Gustave Doré , French artist (b. 1832 )January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow , German composer (b. 1812 )February 13 – Richard Wagner , German composer (b. 1813 )February 15 – Prince Kachō Hiroatsu of Japan (b. 1875 )February 17
March 4 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens , Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812 )March 14 – Karl Marx , German communist philosopher (b. 1818 )March 20 – Charles Lasègue , French physician (b. 1816 )March 21 – Grigol Orbeliani , Georgian poet and soldier (b. 1804 )March 28 – Napoleon Bonaparte Buford , American general and railroad executive (b. 1807 )April 4 – Peter Cooper , American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (b. 1791 )April 15 – Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1823 )April 16 – Charles II, Duke of Parma (b. 1799 )April 26 – Napoleon Orda , Belarusian composer and artist (b. 1807 )April 30 – Édouard Manet , French painter (b. 1832 )May 24 – Keʻelikōlani , princess of Hawaii (b. 1826 )May 26 – Abdelkader El Djezairi , Algerian leader (b. 1808 )June 20 – John William Colenso , Bishop of Natal (b. 1814 )June 26 – Edward Sabine , Irish astronomer (b. 1788 )
July–December [ edit ]
July 22 – Edward Ord , U.S. Army officer (b. 1818 )July 23 – Rose Massey , English actress (b. 1851 ?)July 24 – Matthew Webb , First recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids. (b. 1848 )July 27 – Montgomery Blair , American politician (b. 1813 )July 28 – Carlo Pellion di Persano , Italian admiral and politician (b. 1806 )August 24 – Henri, Count of Chambord , pretender to the French throne (b. 1820 )September 3 – Ivan Turgenev , Russian writer (b. 1818 )September 10 – Otto Pius Hippius , Baltic German architect (b. 1826 )September 16 – Junius Brutus Booth, Jr. , American actor and theatre manager (b. 1821 )October 5 – Joachim Barrande , French palaeontologist (b. 1799 )October 14 – Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet , writer and Liberal Party politician (b. 1818 )October 20 – George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall (b. 1797 )October 22 – Thomas Mayne Reid , Irish-American novelist (b. 1818 )October 30
November 19 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens , German engineer (b. 1823 )December 13 – Victor de Laprade , French poet and critic (b. 1812 )December 27 – Andrew A. Humphreys , American general and civil engineer (b. 1810 )
Dates unknown [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ "History of melrose sevens" . Retrieved 2014-03-02 . ^ "Bisbee Massacre", in The Encyclopedia of Lawmen, Outlaws, and Gunfighters , Leon Claire Metz, ed. (Infobase Publishing, 2002) p25
Further reading and year books [ edit ]
1883 Annual Cyclopedia (1884) online
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