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Profile image for Corinna Ace

Corinna Ace

United States

Product Manager

Staff
Profile image for Charmayne Adams

Charmayne Adams

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Terri Agnew

United States

Operations Support - GNSO Lead Administrator

Staff
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Eleeza Agopian

United States

Strategic Planning and Initiatives Sr. Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Yan Agranonik

United States

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk and Audit

Staff
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Brian Aitchison

United States

Lead Researcher, GDD, Operations and Policy Research

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Alan Akahoshi

United States

Sr. Product Manager, IANA Services

Staff
Profile image for Seda Akbulut

Seda Akbulut

Turkey

Lead Global Support Analyst

Staff
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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP Technical Engagement

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Sawsan Aldawodi

United States

Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Mario Aleman

Nicaragua

Secretariat Operations Coordinator, SOAC

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Ali Alkhudairi

Manager, Salesforce Delivery

Staff
Profile image for Steve Allison

Steve Allison

United States

Sr. Product Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Kimberly Alston

United States

Operations Specialist III

Staff
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Carlos Alvarez

United States

SSR Engagement Director

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Eduardo Alvarez

United States

Technical Services Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Pablo Alvarez

Pablo Alvarez

Senior Systems Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Shaunte Anderson

Shaunte Anderson

United States

Operations Review & Audit Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Elizabeth Andrews

Elizabeth Andrews

United States

Public Responsibility Program Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Charlotte Anongos

Charlotte Anongos

United States

Salesforce Developer

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Roy Arends

Roy Arends

United Kingdom

Principal Research Scientist

Staff
Profile image for Francisco Arias

Francisco Arias

Sr. Director, GDD Technical Services

Staff
Profile image for Akram Atallah

Akram Atallah

United States

President, Global Domains Division

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Yaovi Atohoun

Yaovi Atohoun

Stakeholder Engagement & Ops Mngr - Africa

Staff
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Nick Axelrod-McLeod

United States

Contractual Compliance Anaylst

Staff
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Gozde Aydin

Turkey

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Amanda Baber

United States

IANA Lead Services Specialist

Staff
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Maryam Bakoshi

United Kingdom

SO/AC Collaboration Services Sr. Coordinator

Staff
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Emily Barabas

Netherlands

Policy Manager

Staff
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Christopher Bare

United States

Director, Global Implementation & Operations

Staff
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Connor Barthold

Sr. Information Security Engineer

Staff
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Ted Bartles

United States

Meeting Production Operations Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Fahd Batayneh

Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Manager - Middle East

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Joshua Baulch

United States

Sr. Manager, Meeting Planning Operations

Staff
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Andrea Beccalli

Portugal

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Europe

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Laura Bengford

United States

Director, Product Managment for Community Services

Developing WorldTechnology

Staff
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Susanna Bennett

SVP & Chief Operating Officer

Staff
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Fabien Betremieux

France

GAC Relations Advisor

Staff
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Julie Bisland

United States

Secretariat Operations Coordinator - GNSO

Staff
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Amy Bivins

United States

Registrar Services & Engagement Sr Manager

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping World

Staff
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John Bond

Principal DNS Engineer

Staff
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Breanna Bood

United States

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Jonathan Boswell

Lead Technical Writer

Staff
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Bart Boswinkel

Sr Director, ccNSO Policy Development Support

Staff
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Joke Braeken

Germany

ccNSO Policy Advisor

StaffCommunity
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Mike Brennan

United States

Meetings Technical Services Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Brenda Brewer

Brenda Brewer

United States

Projects and Operations Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Michelle Bright

Michelle Bright

Board Content Coordination Director

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."