PublicationVolume

Canonical URL: http://schema.org/PublicationVolume

Thing > CreativeWork > PublicationVolume

A part of a successively published publication such as a periodical or multi-volume work, often numbered. It may represent a time span, such as a year.

  <br/><br/>See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/09/schemaorg-support-for-bibliographic_2.html">blog post</a>.

Usage: Between 10 and 100 domains
PropertyExpected TypeDescription
Properties from PublicationVolume
pageEnd Integer  or
Text 		The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
pageStart Integer  or
Text 		The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
pagination Text Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart and pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
volumeNumber Integer  or
Text 		Identifies the volume of publication or multi-part work; for example, "iii" or "2".
Properties from CreativeWork
accessMode Text The human sensory perceptual system or cognitive faculty through which a person may process or perceive information. Expected values include: auditory, tactile, textual, visual, colorDependent, chartOnVisual, chemOnVisual, diagramOnVisual, mathOnVisual, musicOnVisual, textOnVisual.
accessibilityFeature Text Content features of the resource, such as accessible media, alternatives and supported enhancements for accessibility (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
audience Audience An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created. Supersedes serviceAudience.
audio AudioObject An embedded audio object.
author Organization  or
Person 		The author of this content or rating. Please note that author is special in that HTML 5 provides a special mechanism for indicating authorship via the rel tag. That is equivalent to this and may be used interchangeably.
citation CreativeWork  or
Text 		A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.
contentLocation Place The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the location in a photograph or painting.
copyrightHolder Organization  or
Person 		The party holding the legal copyright to the CreativeWork.
dateModified Date  or
DateTime 		The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when the item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
datePublished Date Date of first broadcast/publication.
editor Person Specifies the Person who edited the CreativeWork.
encoding MediaObject A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for associatedMedia. Supersedes encodings.
exampleOfWork CreativeWork A creative work that this work is an example/instance/realization/derivation of.
Inverse property: workExample.
expires Date Date the content expires and is no longer useful or available. For example a VideoObject or NewsArticle whose availability or relevance is time-limited, or a ClaimReview fact check whose publisher wants to indicate that it may no longer be relevant (or helpful to highlight) after some date.
fileFormat Text  or
URL 		Media type, typically MIME format (see IANA site) of the content e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations, 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular fileFormat information. Unregistered or niche file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia entry.
hasPart CreativeWork Indicates a CreativeWork that is (in some sense) a part of this CreativeWork.
Inverse property: isPartOf.
inLanguage Language  or
Text 		The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please use one of the language codes from the IETF BCP 47 standard. See also availableLanguage. Supersedes language.
interactionStatistic InteractionCounter The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter should be used. Supersedes interactionCount.
isAccessibleForFree Boolean A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free. Supersedes free.
isPartOf CreativeWork Indicates a CreativeWork that this CreativeWork is (in some sense) part of.
Inverse property: hasPart.
mentions Thing Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not necessarily about a concept.
position Integer  or
Text 		The position of an item in a series or sequence of items.
publisher Organization  or
Person 		The publisher of the creative work.
publisherImprint Organization The publishing division which published the comic.
publishingPrinciples CreativeWork  or
URL 		The publishingPrinciples property indicates (typically via URL) a document describing the editorial principles of an Organization (or individual e.g. a Person writing a blog) that relate to their activities as a publisher, e.g. ethics or diversity policies. When applied to a CreativeWork (e.g. NewsArticle) the principles are those of the party primarily responsible for the creation of the CreativeWork.

While such policies are most typically expressed in natural language, sometimes related information (e.g. indicating a funder) can be expressed using schema.org terminology.

schemaVersion Text  or
URL 		Indicates (by URL or string) a particular version of a schema used in some CreativeWork. For example, a document could declare a schemaVersion using an URL such as http://schema.org/version/2.0/ if precise indication of schema version was required by some application.
spatialCoverage Place The spatialCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the place(s) which are the focus of the content. It is a subproperty of contentLocation intended primarily for more technical and detailed materials. For example with a Dataset, it indicates areas that the dataset describes: a dataset of New York weather would have spatialCoverage which was the place: the state of New York. Supersedes spatial.
sponsor Organization  or
Person 		A person or organization that supports a thing through a pledge, promise, or financial contribution. e.g. a sponsor of a Medical Study or a corporate sponsor of an event.
temporalCoverage DateTime  or
Text  or
URL 		The temporalCoverage of a CreativeWork indicates the period that the content applies to, i.e. that it describes, either as a DateTime or as a textual string indicating a time period in ISO 8601 time interval format. In the case of a Dataset it will typically indicate the relevant time period in a precise notation (e.g. for a 2011 census dataset, the year 2011 would be written "2011/2012"). Other forms of content e.g. ScholarlyArticle, Book, TVSeries or TVEpisode may indicate their temporalCoverage in broader terms - textually or via well-known URL. Written works such as books may sometimes have precise temporal coverage too, e.g. a work set in 1939 - 1945 can be indicated in ISO 8601 interval format format via "1939/1945". Supersedes datasetTimeInterval.
text Text The textual content of this CreativeWork.
thumbnailUrl URL A thumbnail image relevant to the Thing.
translationOfWork CreativeWork The work that this work has been translated from. e.g. 物种起源 is a translationOf “On the Origin of Species”
Inverse property: workTranslation.
translator Organization  or
Person 		Organization or person who adapts a creative work to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target market, or that translates during some event.
typicalAgeRange Text The typical expected age range, e.g. '7-9', '11-'.
version Number  or
Text 		The version of the CreativeWork embodied by a specified resource.
workExample CreativeWork Example/instance/realization/derivation of the concept of this creative work. eg. The paperback edition, first edition, or eBook.
Inverse property: exampleOfWork.
workTranslation CreativeWork A work that is a translation of the content of this work. e.g. 西遊記 has an English workTranslation “Journey to the West”,a German workTranslation “Monkeys Pilgerfahrt” and a Vietnamese translation Tây du ký bình khảo.
Inverse property: translationOfWork.
Properties from Thing
additionalType URL An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
alternateName Text An alias for the item.
description Text A description of the item.
disambiguatingDescription Text A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
identifier PropertyValue  or
Text  or
URL 		The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background notes for more details.
image ImageObject  or
URL 		An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
mainEntityOfPage CreativeWork  or
URL 		Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details.
Inverse property: mainEntity.
name Text The name of the item.
potentialAction Action Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
sameAs URL URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.
url URL URL of the item.

Available properties in extensions

Acknowledgement

The W3C Schema Bib Extend (BibEx) group led the work to improve schema.org for bibliographic information, including terms for periodicals, articles and multi-volume works. The design was inspired in places (e.g. pageStart, pageEnd, pagination) by the Bibliographic Ontology, 'bibo'.



Examples

Example 1
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div>
 <h1>The Lancet</h1>
 <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
 <p>Published by Elsevier
 <ul>
   <li>ISSN: 0140-6736</li>
 </ul>
 <h3>Issues:</h3>
 <ul>
   <li>No. 9734 Jul 3, 2010 p 1-68</li>
   <li>No. 9735 Jul 10, 2010 p 69-140</li>
 </ul>
</div>

<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
  <h1 itemprop="name">The Lancet</h1>
  <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
  <p>Published by <span itemprop="publisher">Elsevier</span>
  <ul>
    <li>ISSN: <span itemprop="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
  </ul>
  <h3>Issues:</h3>
  <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#vol376">
    <meta itemprop="volumeNumber" content="376">
    <ul>
      <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9734">No.
        <span itemprop="issueNumber">9734</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
        p <span itemprop="pageStart">1</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">68</span>
      </li>
      <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9735">No.
        <span itemprop="issueNumber">9735</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
        p <span itemprop="pageStart">69</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">140</span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Periodical">
  <h1 property="name">The Lancet</h1>
  <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
  <p>Published by <span property="publisher">Elsevier</span>
  <ul>
    <li>ISSN: <span property="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
  </ul>
  <h3>Issues:</h3>
  <div property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#vol376">
    <meta property="volumeNumber" content="376">
    <ul>
      <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9734">No.
        <span property="issueNumber">9734</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
        p <span property="pageStart">1</span>-<span property="pageEnd">68</span>
      </li>
      <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9735">No.
        <span property="issueNumber">9735</span>
        <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
        p <span property="pageStart">69</span>-<span property="pageEnd">140</span>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@type": "Periodical",
  "issn": "0140-6736",
  "hasPart": {
    "@id": "vol376",
    "@type": "PublicationVolume",
    "volumeNumber": "376",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@id": "issue9735",
        "@type": "PublicationIssue",
        "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
        "pageEnd": "140",
        "pageStart": "69",
        "issueNumber": "9735"
      },
      {
        "@id": "issue9734",
        "@type": "PublicationIssue",
        "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
        "pageEnd": "68",
        "pageStart": "1",
        "issueNumber": "9734"
      }
    ]
  },
  "name": "The Lancet",
  "publisher": "Elsevier"
}
</script>
Example 2
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div>
  <strong>Title:</strong> Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review<br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> Smiraglia, Richard P.<br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> Catalog ; Works <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div>Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 50 (5),</div>
  <div>p.360-368 [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
      The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.
  </div>
  <strong>Publisher:</strong> Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
  <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
  <strong>ISSN:</strong> 0163-9374 ;<br />
  <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> 1544-4554;<br />
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle">
  <strong>Title:</strong> <span itemprop="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> <span itemprop="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span itemprop="about">Catalog</span> ; <span itemprop="about">Works</span> <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#issue">
    <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
      <span itemprop="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
    </span>
    <span itemprop="datePublished">2012</span>,
    Vol.<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope
              itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume"><link
              itemprop="isPartOf" href="#periodical" /><span
              itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
          itemprop="issueNumber">5</span>),
  </div>
  <div>
    p.<span itemprop="pageStart">360</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
    <span itemprop="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.</span>
  </div>
  <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
    <strong>Publisher:</strong>
    <span itemprop="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
    <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
    <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
    <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
  </span>
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a itemprop="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

<!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="ScholarlyArticle" resource="#article">
  <strong>Title:</strong> <span property="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
  <strong>Author:</strong> <span property="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
  <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span property="about">Catalog</span> ; <span property="about">Works</span> <br />
  <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
  <div property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue">
    <span typeof="Periodical" resource="#periodical">
      <span property="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
    </span>
    <span property="datePublished">2012</span>,
    Vol.<span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#periodical"><span
              property="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
          property="issueNumber">5</span>),
  </div>
  <div>
    p.<span property="pageStart">360</span>-<span property="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
    <strong>Description:</strong>
    <span property="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
      was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
      reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
      categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
      model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
      extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
      instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
      begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
      adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
      special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
      model.</span>
  </div>
  <span resource="#periodical">
    <strong>Publisher:</strong>
    <span property="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
    <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
    <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
    <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
  </span>
  <strong>DOI:</strong>
  <a property="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>

<script type="application/ld+json">
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  "@graph": [
    {
        "@id": "#issue",
        "@type": "PublicationIssue",
        "issueNumber": "5",
        "datePublished": "2012",
        "isPartOf": {
            "@id": "#periodical",
            "@type": [
                "PublicationVolume",
                "Periodical"
            ],
            "name": "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly",
            "issn": [
                "1544-4554",
                "0163-9374"
            ],
            "volumeNumber": "50",
            "publisher": "Taylor & Francis Group"
        }
    },
    {
        "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
        "isPartOf": "#issue",
        "description": "The library catalog as a catalog of works was an infectious idea, which together with research led to reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two categories of lacunae emerge--the expression entity, and gaps in the model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system, adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR model.",
        "sameAs": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254",
        "about": [
            "Works",
            "Catalog"
        ],
        "pageEnd": "368",
        "pageStart": "360",
        "name": "Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review",
        "author": "Smiraglia, Richard P."
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Example 3
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- A trilogy of books with numbered volumes. -->
<div>
  <p>
    The <strong>Lord of the Rings</strong> is an English-language fictional trilogy by J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973).
  </p>
  <p>
    The books in the trilogy are:
  </p>
  <ul>
    <li>Vol. 1: The Fellowship of the Ring</li>
    <li>Vol. 2: The Two Towers</li>
    <li>Vol. 3: The Return of the King</li>
  </ul>
</div>

<!-- A trilogy of books with numbered volumes. -->
<div>
  <p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book" itemid="#trilogy">
    <link itemprop="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
    The <strong itemprop="name">Lord of the Rings</strong> is an
    <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en"/>English-language
    <span itemprop="genre">fictional</span> trilogy by
    <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemid="#author">
      <link itemprop="sameAs" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel)"/>J. R. R. Tolkien
     (<span itemprop="birthDate">1892</span>-<span itemprop="deathDate">1973</span>).
    </span>
    <link itemprop="hasPart" href="#book1">
    <link itemprop="hasPart" href="#book2">
    <link itemprop="hasPart" href="#book3">
  </p>
  <p>
    The books in the trilogy are:
  </p>
  <ul>
    <li itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#book1">
      Vol. <span itemprop="volumeNumber">1</span>:
      <link itemprop="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link itemprop="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link itemprop="author" href="#author">
      <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span itemprop="name">The Fellowship of the Ring</span>
    </li>
    <li itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#book2">
      Vol. <span itemprop="volumeNumber">2</span>:
      <link itemprop="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link itemprop="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link itemprop="author" href="#author">
      <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span itemprop="name">The Two Towers</span>
    </li>
    <li itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Book http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#book3">
      Vol. <span itemprop="volumeNumber">3</span>:
      <link itemprop="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link itemprop="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link itemprop="author" href="#author">
      <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span itemprop="name">The Return of the King</span>
    </li>
  </ul>
</div>

<!-- A trilogy of books with numbered volumes. -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/">
  <p typeof="Book" resource="#trilogy">
    <link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
    The <strong property="name">Lord of the Rings</strong> is an
    <span property="inLanguage" content="en">English-language</span>
    <span property="genre">fictional</span> trilogy by
    <span property="author" typeof="Person" resource="#author">
      <link property="sameAs" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067">
      <span property="name" content="Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel)">J. R. R. Tolkien</span>
      (<span property="birthDate">1892</span>-<span property="deathDate">1973</span>).
    </span>
    <link property="hasPart" href="#book1">
    <link property="hasPart" href="#book2">
    <link property="hasPart" href="#book3">
  </p>
  <p>
    The books in the trilogy are:
  </p>
  <ul>
    <li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book1">
      Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">1</span>:
      <link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link property="author" href="#author">
      <meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span property="name">The Fellowship of the Ring</span>
    </li>
    <li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book2">
      Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">2</span>:
      <link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link property="author" href="#author">
      <meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span property="name">The Two Towers</span>
    </li>
    <li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book3">
      Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">3</span>:
      <link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
      <link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
      <link property="author" href="#author">
      <meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
      <span property="name">The Return of the King</span>
    </li>
  </ul>
</div>

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          ],
          "name": "The Return of the King",
          "about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
          "isPartOf": "#trilogy",
          "inLanguage": "en",
          "volumeNumber": "3",
          "author": "#author"
        },
        {
          "@id": "#book2",
          "@type": [
              "Book",
              "PublicationVolume"
          ],
          "name": "The Two Towers",
          "about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
          "isPartOf": "#trilogy",
          "inLanguage": "en",
          "volumeNumber": "2",
          "author": "#author"
        },
        {
          "@id": "#book1",
          "@type": [
            "Book",
            "PublicationVolume"
          ],
          "name": "The Fellowship of the Ring",
          "about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
          "isPartOf": "#trilogy",
          "inLanguage": "en",
          "volumeNumber": "1",
          "author": "#author"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Lord of the Rings",
      "inLanguage": "en",
      "genre": "fictional",
      "author": "#author"
    }
  ]
}
</script>
Example 4
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD 
<!-- An article citation in MLA format, using a 'flat' approach that simplifies
  markup by not specifying an explicit relationship between the periodical,
  volume, and issue -->
<div>
  Carlyle, Allyson. "Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
    and the Bibliographic Universe."
  <em>Library Resources and Technical Services</em>,
  v. 50, no. 4 (October 2006): 264-273. Print.
</div>

<!-- An article citation in MLA format, using a 'flat' approach that simplifies
  markup by not specifying an explicit relationship between the periodical,
  volume, and issue -->
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle">
  <span itemprop="author">Carlyle, Allyson.</span>
  "<span itemprop="name">Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
    and the Bibliographic Universe</span>"
  <div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
    <em><span itemprop="name">Library Resources and Technical Services</span></em>
  </div>
  <span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume">
    v. <span itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span>
  </span>,
  <span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue">
    no. <span itemprop="issueNumber">4</span>
    (<time datetime="2006-10" itemprop="datePublished">October 2006</time>):
  </span>
  <span itemprop="pageStart">264</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">273</span>
Print.</div>

<!-- An article citation in MLA format, using a 'flat' approach that simplifies
  markup by not specifying an explicit relationship between the periodical,
  volume, and issue -->
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="ScholarlyArticle">
  <span property="author">Carlyle, Allyson.</span>
  "<span property="name">Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
    and the Bibliographic Universe</span>"
  <div property="isPartOf" typeof="Periodical">
    <em><span property="name">Library Resources and Technical Services</span></em>
  </div>
  <span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume">
    v. <span property ="volumeNumber">50</span>
  </span>,
  <span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue">
    no. <span property="issueNumber">4</span>
    (<time datetime="2006-10" property="datePublished">October 2006</time>):
  </span>
  <span property="pageStart">264</span>-<span property="pageEnd">273</span>
Print.</div>

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "http://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "#issue4",
      "@type": "PublicationIssue",
      "datePublished": "2006-10",
      "issueNumber": "4"
    },
    {
      "@id": "#volume50",
      "@type": "PublicationVolume",
      "volumeNumber": "50"
    },
    {
      "@id": "#periodical",
      "@type": "Periodical",
      "name": "Library Resources and Technical Services"
    },
    {
      "@id": "#article",
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "author": "Carlyle, Allyson.",
      "isPartOf": [
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "@id": "#issue4"
        }
      ],
      "name": "Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR and the Bibliographic Universe",
      "pageEnd": "273",
      "pageStart": "264"
    }
  ]
}
</script>

Schema Version 3.3