Proto-Iranian , or Proto-Iranic ,[1] reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family and thus the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian , Sogdian , Zazaki , Ossetian , Mazandarani , Kurdish and others. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians , are assumed to have lived in the early 2nd millennium BC , and they are usually connected with the Proto-Indo-Iranians and early Andronovo archaeological horizon.
Proto-Iranian was a satem language descended from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, which, in turn, came from the Proto-Indo-European language . It was likely removed less than a millennium from the Avestan language, and less than two millennia from Proto-Indo-European.
Phonological correspondences [ edit ]
PIE Av PIE
Av
*p
→
p
*p h?a ter
pi tar-
*bʱ
→
b
*bʱ réha ter
b ratar-
*t
→
t
*t uhx óm
t vm
*d
→
d
*d oru
d ar-
*dʱ
→
d
*dʱ ohx neha -
d ana-
*kʲ
→
s
*dékʲ m? "ten"
das a "ten"
*gʲ
→
z
*gʲ ónu
z anu-
*gʱʲ
→
z
*gʱʲ imós
z ?maka-
*k
→
x ~ c
*kr uha rós
x rura-
*g
→
g ~ z
*ha éug es- "strength"
aoj ah "strength"
*gʱ
→
g ~ z
*dl?hx gʱ ós "long"
dar?g a- "long"
*kʷ
→
k ~ c
*kʷ ós
k o
*gʷ
→
g ~ j
*gʷ ou-
g au-
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Avestan [2] Old Persian Persian Vedic Sanskrit
*aćva ("horse")
aspa asa (native word)[3] اسب asb (horse)
aśvaḥ
*bʱag-
baγa baj- (baji; "tribute")باج bâj (tax)
bhag- (bhaga
*bʱratr- ("brother")
brātar bratar برادر barâdar (brother)
bhratŗ
*bʱumi ("earth", "land")
bumi بوم bum
bhumi
*martya ("mortal", "man")
mašiia martya مرد mard (man)
martya
*masa ("moon")
māh- maha ماه mâh (moon, month)
masa
*vasara ("early")
vahara ("spring")بهار bahâr (spring)
vasara ("morning")
*arta ("truth")
aša arta (?) راست râst (correct)
ŗta
*draugʱ- ("falsehood")
druj draug- دروغ dorugh (lie)
druh-
*sauma "pressed (juice)"
haoma soma
References [ edit ]
