Khorasani Turkic language
 |
It has been requested that the title of this article be changed to Template: Khorasani Turkish language. Please see the relevant discussion on the discussion page. Do not move the page until the discussion has reached consensus for the change and is closed. |
| Khorasani Turkish | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Iran |
| Region | Greater Khorasan |
|
Native speakers
|
1 million (1993)[1][2] |
|
Turkic
|
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kmz |
| Glottolog | khor1269[3] |
Khorasani Turkic (Khorasani Turkic: Xorasan Türkçesi IPA [xorɑsɑn tyrktʃesi] Persian: Zemān Torkī Xorāsānī زبان ترکی خراسانی) is a language variety in the Turkic language family. It is spoken in northern North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Nearly all Khorasani Turkic speakers are also bilingual in Persian.[4]
Contents
Geographic distribution[edit]
Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of North Khorasan, near Bojnord, and Razavi Khorasan, near Sabzevar, Quchan. The Oghuz dialect spoken in western Uzbekistan is sometimes considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic.
Dialects[edit]
Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South, and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad near Sabzevar; the western around Bojnord.
[edit]
Khorasani Turkic belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which also includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Turkmen, and Salar, as well as the Oghuz dialect spoken in Uzbekistan. Khorasani Turkish is most closely related to Oghuz Uzbek and Turkmen and is close to the Azerbaijani dialects spoken in Iran.[clarification needed]
Khorasani Turkish has been classified as a separate dialect by Dr. Javad Heyat for first time, in the book "Tarikh-e zabān o lahcayā-ye Türki" (History of the Turkic dialects).[5]
According some linguistics, it's been considered linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, but it's not considered as a dialect of either.[6]
Consonants[edit]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | q | |||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ɮ | x | ɣ | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| Flap | r | |||||||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||||||
Vowels[edit]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | y | ɯ | u |
| Mid | e | ø | o | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | ɒ | |
Open back vowel rounding follow /u/ or /i/ muxabbat love [muxɒbbɑt] and insan human [insɒn] but yoldaşlık friendship [joldɑʃlɯk]. Some words rounding /ɑ/ follow /o/ for long vowel. May be happen not all speaker, plural have no rounding never. Persian may not come by phone a vowel, consonant challenge the sound Turkic.
Morphology[edit]
Nouns[edit]
Pluralization[edit]
Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix -lAr, which has the two forms -lar and -lær, depending on vowel harmony. Plular /ɑ/ never rounding even follow /u/ or /i/ for.
Case[edit]
Nouns in Khorasani Turkish take a number of case endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a vowel or a consonant:
| Case | After Vowels | After Consonants |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | No Ending | |
| Genitive | niŋ/nin | iŋ/in |
| Dative | ya/yæ | a/æ |
| Accusative | ni/nɯ | i/ɯ |
| Locative | da/dæ | |
| Ablative | dan/dæn | |
| Instrumental | nan/næn | |
Possession[edit]
Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | (I)m | (I)mIz |
| Second Person | (I)ŋ | (I)ŋIz |
| Third Person | (s)I | lArI |
Pronouns[edit]
Khorasani Turkish has six personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular nouns.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | mæn | bɯz |
| Second Person | sæn | siz |
| Third Person | o | olar |
Verbs[edit]
Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in -max.
Examples[edit]
- Excerpt from Tulu (1989) p. 90
| Translation | IPA | |
|---|---|---|
| Thus, there was a padishah named Ziyad. | ɑl ɣəssa bir ziyæːd pæːdiʃæːhiː bæːɾɨdɨ | |
| Almighty God had given him no son. | xodɒːʷændi æːlæm ona hit͡ʃ ɔɣul ataː elæmɑmiʃdi | |
| There he spoke to his vizier: "O Vizier, I have no son. What shall I do about it?" | bæːdæn vaziːɾæ dədi, ej vaziːɾ, mændæ ki ɔɣul joxdɨ, mæn næ t͡ʃaːɾæ eylem | |
| The vizier said: "Ruler of the whole world, what will you do with this possession?" | vaziːɾ dədi, pɒːdiʃaː-i ɢɨblæ-ji ɒːlæm, sæn bu mɒːlɨ-æmwɒːlɨ næjlijæsæn |
References[edit]
- ^ Doerfer, G. & Hesche, W.1993. Chorasantürkisch, Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, İndices. (Turcologica 16.) Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 7,14
- ^ Encyclopædia Iranica :TURKIC LANGUAGES OF PERSIA: AN OVERVIEW
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Khorasani Turkish". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Khorasani Turkish"
- ^ [1] Horasan Türkçesi ne İlgili Folklor Çalışmaları
- ^ Sultan Tulu, “Horasan Türkçesi ile İlgili Folklor Çalışmaları”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı 1, 1994, s. 48-51.
Tulu, Sultan (1989). Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-88-0.
Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.
External links[edit]
 |
Khorasani Turkic language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
