XMPP
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Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is an open messaging standard, perhaps best known in its use for cross-platform instant-messaging application interoperability.
The core part of XMPP is now an IETF RFC, RFC-6120 http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/rfcs/
Up until recently the XMPP world and the Web world rarely crossed, but now thanks to work on https://github.com/legastero/stanza.io and https://github.com/xmpp-ftw/xmpp-ftw you can now "talk" XMPP directly from the web.
Issues
General issues:
- massive spec
- no one has ever fully implemented it
- there's no comprehensive (or even feature covering) test suite
- everyone who tries to implement it, only ever implements a subset of it
- interop requires testing with every implementation you want to interoperate with (instead of just with a standard test suite)