What restrictions this planet must have to make it possible?

Planet can have any size, be made of any material

A human must be able to land in it and observe it, dust added to the planet from the human's clothes or equipment may compromise the no-dust characteristic of the planet but it must be dust-less before then.


Edit: Dust in the definition of fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried in the air.

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How fanciful is your universe? Maybe the Interstellar Empire of Purity built a planet-sized air filtration system to remove all dust from the atmosphere. – user45623 4 hours ago
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a planet fully covered in water? or glassed by a series of nuclear explosions? A giant ball of iron that solidifed in one block? – njzk2 4 hours ago
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Dust isn't all man made... – user6760 3 hours ago
    
Please define "no dust". See Cort Ammon's answer for a discussion of different levels of "no dust". – Makyen 2 hours ago

No, it's not possible under your requirements. Rocky planets either have atmosphere worth speaking of, or they don't.

If there is atmosphere, there will be some wind. With wind comes erosion. And with erosion comes dust.

Without atmosphere, look on our moon. Meteorite impacts can and do create a lot of dust all right.

The only exception would be ocean planet (not necessarily water ocean) with no land at all. That's a bit of stretching "can land on it", but with no exposed rock to erode, and with meteorites sinking, you don't have material to create dust. Minuscule amounts from meteorite impacting ocean would sink anyway.


For a high spin rogue planet, it's hardly possible, either. Such planets have to come from somewhere. Probably start system, and that means dust. And if spin is high enough to throw dust from surface into the space, it'll be high enough to throw away your astronauts, too. So no landing. And I doubt such planet could even exist, survive. So, the dust is here, and is going to stay.


For the amounts of dust, see answer by Cort Ammon.

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Beat me to posting by like 30 seconds! – Cort Ammon 7 hours ago
    
A) What about a rogue planet far from any star? No atmosphere, high spin, so anything that isn't pinned down eventually gets lost to space. B) Does the planet have to be naturally occurring? If it can be maintained then there's the possibility of something actively removing the dust/repelling micrometeorites, etc. – SRM 7 hours ago
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@SRM I think that gets more towards my answer, which questions the meaning of "no dust." There's a big difference between "so little dust that we could call it a clean room" and "no dust anywhere" – Cort Ammon 6 hours ago
    
Can a strong magnetic field trap particles from space in it's action radius? Supose there's atmosfere. If the surface of the planet is made entirely of a diamond-like material would the wind be able to erode the surface? And if the planet is hollow would it make temperaturatures on the surface stable enough to reduce wind speeds? – Ítalo Lessa 5 hours ago
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@ÍtaloLessa For your magnetic field idea, all dust has to be magnetic, which is not the case. If you have a diamond-like surface, you end up with diamond-like dust, which is very good at further eroding the surface! I don't see how being hollow would affect the surface temperature. Planets further from the sun (lower temperature) actually have higher wind speeds due to less turbulence! – CJ Dennis 5 hours ago

It's really not possible to not have dust. If you have an atmosphere, erosion will create dust. If you have no atmosphere, micrometeorite impacts will create dust, and being a planet, it will have enough gravity to pull some of that material back to the surface.

One solution might be a completely liquid-covered planet. The liquid could capture the dust, causing it to sink to the "ocean" floor.

Of course, the definition of "having dust" is tricky. That's why we have different grades of clean rooms, each having a slightly different definition of dust. An ISO 8 clean room (also known as a Class 100,000 clean room) is concerned with particles of .5um or greater. As you go towards cleaner rooms, such as an ISO 3 (aka a Class 1 clean room), the definition shifts to particles greater than .1um. Also worth noting is the number of particles. While an ISO 9 clean room (aka "room air," no special precautions) may have 35 million particles (0.5um or greater) per cubic meter, a ISO 1 may only have 10 particles (0.1um or greater).

These varying standards all share one thing in common: they recognize that particles are everywhere. There is no clean room standard for "no particles."

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Naturally occurring, no. See the other excellent answers from Molot or Cort Ammon.

For non-natural, consider an airless world that is heated to molten and then cooled to remove all initial dust. Then orbit it with satellites that monitor for micrometeorite impacts. When one is detected, the satellites use heating lasers to melt the area.

There are myriad variations on this theme, with varying degrees of plausiblity.

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Yes. Take Mercury, move it inwards to the point the surface is molten.

No dust.

Such a planet will not have the longest of lifespans, though.

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Tungston soot, maybe? – JDługosz 5 hours ago
    
@JDługosz Dust, on a liquid?? Ever seen dusty water? – Loren Pechtel 5 hours ago
    
Condensing in the vapor and raining down into the liquid. If all you want is liquid so no-dry-powder, instead of no fine particulates at all, you could just use a waterworld. – JDługosz 5 hours ago

A planet with no life and no friction helps eliminate the creation of dust. The planet would also have to dodge asteroids, comets, any other space matter, etc.

Plants must create pollen which is dust. So absolutely no plants. Without the photosynthesis of plants, there cannot be life of any kind. With no friction, objects rubbing against each other should not cause erosion and then dust.

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By defining dust and finding how it is created - I find that the universe would be impossible without it.

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Welcome to Worldbuilding. Could you elaborate? There may be .. an idea behind this but it's hard to know what this solution entails. – Zxyrra 4 mins ago

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