No, it's not possible under your requirements. Rocky planets either have atmosphere worth speaking of, or they don't.
If there is atmosphere, there will be some wind. With wind comes erosion. And with erosion comes dust.
Without atmosphere, look on our moon. Meteorite impacts can and do create a lot of dust all right.
The only exception would be ocean planet (not necessarily water ocean) with no land at all. That's a bit of stretching "can land on it", but with no exposed rock to erode, and with meteorites sinking, you don't have material to create dust. Minuscule amounts from meteorite impacting ocean would sink anyway.
For a high spin rogue planet, it's hardly possible, either. Such planets have to come from somewhere. Probably start system, and that means dust. And if spin is high enough to throw dust from surface into the space, it'll be high enough to throw away your astronauts, too. So no landing. And I doubt such planet could even exist, survive. So, the dust is here, and is going to stay.
For the amounts of dust, see answer by Cort Ammon.