Clinical practice regarding the use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) has undergone many changes since its introduction in the 1940s. Here, Roger Lobo frames the current thinking on the use of HRT in postmenopausal women, beginning with a historical perspective and then discussing how the interpretation of HRT data has changed over time.

Here, Chow and colleagues discuss the endocrine manifestations of mitochondrial diseases, a group of multisystem disorders characterized by great clinical, biochemical and genetic heterogeneity. The authors describe the clinical features, genetic causes and pathological mechanisms underlying these diseases, the understanding of which will be key to developing innovative therapies for these patients.

This protocol extends the use of genome editing technology to the modeling or correction of large chromosomal rearrangements and short nucleotide repeat expansions. The authors use the CRISPR/Cas system to edit human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Chronic activation of neurohormonal systems, such as the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system can lead to deleterious effects on the heart. In this Review, Hartupee and Mann describe the effects of neurohormonal activation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and the implications for disease progression.

Chaperomes are dynamic assemblies of proteins that regulate cellular homeostasis but specific cellular stresses remodel chaperome components into a stable chaperome network called the epichaperome, which might offer a new cancer target.

The TOR and insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) network are central responses to wound healing. Here the authors develop a technique of live imaging of laser-induced epidermal wounds to flies and show that TOR and IIS are independently required for wound healing, which may have implications for diabetic wound healing and its treatment.