Power Mean

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A power mean is a mean of the form

 M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=(1/nsum_(k=1)^na_k^p)^(1/p),
(1)

where the parameter p is an affinely extended real number and all a_k>=0. A power mean is also known as a generalized mean, Hölder mean, mean of degree (or order or power) p, or power mean.

The following table summarizes some common named means that are special cases of the generalized mean, where

 M_0(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=lim_(p->0)M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)
(2)

and

M_(-infty)(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=lim_(p->-infty)M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)
(3)
=min(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)
(4)
M_infty(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=lim_(p->infty)M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)
(5)
=max(a_1,a_2,...,a_n).
(6)
M_psymbolmean
M_(-infty)minminimum
M_(-1)Hharmonic mean
M_0Ggeometric mean
M_1Aarithmetic mean
M_2RMSroot-mean-square
M_inftymaxmaximum
GeneralizedMeans

The plots above visualize the generalized mean by plotting the special values

 M_p(x,1)={x   for p=-infty; (2x)/(1+x)   for p=-1; sqrt(x)   for p=0; (1+x)/2   for p=1; sqrt((1+x^2)/2)   for p=2; 1   for p=infty
(7)

with p=-infty red, -1 orange, 0 black, 1 green, 2 blue, and infty violet.

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