Blog of our latest news, updates, and stories for developers
Fridaygram: Google Public DNS, lonely black hole, tiny chameleons
Friday, February 17, 2012
By Scott Knaster,
Google Code Blog
Editor
Google Public DNS
is a fast, free DNS service that we introduced a little more than 2 years ago. As the
Official Google Blog post
aptly puts it, “
DNS
acts like the phone book of the Internet”, translating from human-readable URLs to all-numeric IP addresses. Google Public DNS started as an experimental service and has now become the most-used public DNS service in the world with over 70 billion requests per day, mostly from outside the U.S. Will the next step be support for users in
more distant places
? (Probably not there.)
Speaking of faraway places, astronomers using images from the Hubble space telescope have found
black hole HLX-1
, which appears to be all that’s left of a dwarf galaxy that once contained other stars. The theory is that this late galaxy was torn apart by a nearby spiral galaxy, leaving only HLX-1. The other stars became part of the larger galaxy.
While you’re musing on this supermassive black hole, consider some much tinier creatures: little chameleons, just about one inch long,
recently discovered in Madagascar
. Scientists think this miniaturization might be an evolutionary response to limited resources.
Tiny chameleon: he comes and goes, he comes and goes
Finally, we can’t help but jump on the
Linsanity
bandwagon. Of course, we’re doing it in a nerdy way by pointing you to
this article
(interesting even for non-sports fans) about why talent evaluation is so tricky.
On Fridays we take a break and do a Fridaygram post just for fun. Each Fridaygram item must pass only one test: it has to be interesting to us nerds. Special thanks to
Wired Science
for having many excellent posts this week.
Images: Glaw, F., et al.,
PLoS ONE
A proposal to extend the DNS protocol
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Today a group of DNS and content providers, including Neustar/UltraDNS and Google are publishing a
proposal to extend the DNS protocol
. DNS is the system that translates an easy-to-remember name like www.google.com to a numeric address like 74.125.45.104. These are the IP addresses that computers use to communicate with one another on the Internet.
By returning different addresses to requests coming from different places, DNS can be used to load balance traffic and send users to a nearby server. For example, if you look up www.google.com from a computer in New York, it may resolve to an IP address pointing to a server in New York City. If you look up www.google.com from the Netherlands, the result could be an IP address pointing to a server in the Netherlands. Sending you to a nearby server improves speed, latency, and network utilization.
Currently, to determine your location,
authoritative nameservers
look at the source IP address of the incoming request, which is the IP address of your DNS resolver, rather than your IP address. This DNS resolver is often managed by your ISP or alternately is a third-party resolver like
Google Public DNS
. In most cases the resolver is close to its users, in which case the authoritative nameservers will be able to find the nearest server. However, some DNS resolvers serve many users over a wider area. In these cases, your lookup for www.google.com may return the IP address of a server several countries away from you. If the authoritative nameserver could detect where you were, a closer server might have been available.
Our proposed DNS protocol extension lets recursive DNS resolvers include part of your IP address in the request sent to authoritative nameservers. Only the first three octets, or top 24 bits, are sent providing enough information to the authoritative nameserver to determine your network location, without affecting your privacy.
The Internet-Draft was
posted
to the dnsext mailing list today, and over the next few months our group hopes to see this proposal accepted as an official Internet standard. We plan to continue working with all interested parties on implementing this solution and are looking forward to a healthy discussion on the dnsext mailing list.
(Updated 24 Jan 2011 to fix broken links)
By Wilmer van der Gaast and Carlo Contavalli on behalf of the Google Public DNS team
Introducing Google Public DNS: A new DNS resolver from Google
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Today, as part of our efforts to
make the web faster
, we are announcing
Google Public DNS
, a new experimental public DNS resolver.
The
DNS protocol
is an important part of the web's infrastructure, serving as the Internet's "phone book". Every time you visit a website, your computer performs a DNS lookup. Complex pages often require multiple DNS lookups before they complete loading. As a result, the average Internet user performs hundreds of DNS lookups each day, that collectively can slow down his or her browsing experience.
We believe that a faster DNS infrastructure could significantly improve the browsing experience for all web users. To enhance DNS speed but to also improve security and validity of results, Google Public DNS is trying a few different approaches that we are sharing with the broader web community through our
documentation
:
Speed: Resolver-side cache misses are one of the primary contributors to sluggish DNS responses. Clever caching techniques can help increase the speed of these responses. Google Public DNS implements prefetching: before the TTL on a record expires, we refresh the record continuously, asychronously and independently of user requests for a large number of popular domains. This allows Google Public DNS to serve many DNS requests in the round trip time it takes a packet to travel to our servers and back.
Security: DNS is vulnerable to spoofing attacks that can poison the cache of a nameserver and can route all its users to a malicious website. Until new protocols like
DNSSEC
get widely adopted, resolvers need to take additional measures to keep their caches secure. Google Public DNS makes it more difficult for attackers to spoof valid responses by randomizing the case of query names and including additional data in its DNS messages.
Validity: Google Public DNS complies with the DNS standards and gives the user the exact response his or her computer expects without performing any blocking, filtering, or redirection that may hamper a user's browsing experience.
We hope that you will help us test these improvements by
using the Google Public DNS service
today, from wherever you are in the world. We plan to share what we learn from this experimental rollout of Google Public DNS with the broader web community and other DNS providers, to improve the browsing experience for Internet users globally.
To get more information on Google Public DNS you can visit our
site
, read our
documentation
, and our
logging policies
. We also look forward to receiving your feedback in our
discussion group
.
By Prem Ramaswami, Public DNS Team
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