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Looking for fun and easy #ScienceforKids Exploding Milk is so fun! #ScienceSunday
Exploding Milk The past couple of weeks we have been enjoying experimenting with Milk with experiments like Plastic Milk and Crashing Colors. We wanted to take the crashing colors experiment a little bit further and that is just what we did with this…
Exploding Milk The past couple of weeks we have been enjoying experimenting with Milk with experiments like Plastic Milk and Crashing Colors. We wanted to take the crashing colors experiment a little bit further and that is just what we did with this…
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The Coolest Science Paper: They cured Rat Spinal Injury
Using HumanbMouth Stemcells reeingeered into Astrocytes. And Building a temporary neuroscaffold around the break ( receipe included) with designed spongy tissue which secretes nerve regrowth factor.
#Neuroscience #Biotech #ScienceOnG+
#MedicalBreakthroughs #ScienceSunday
Cool videos at the end, too
Front. Neurosci., 31 October 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00589
Implantation of 3D Constructs Embedded with Oral Mucosa-Derived Cells Induces Functional Recovery in Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Transection
Javier Ganz1†, Erez Shor2†, Shaowei Guo2, Anton Sheinin3, Ina Arie4, Izhak Michaelevski3,5, Sandu Pitaru4, Daniel Offen1‡ and Shulamit Levenberg2*‡
1Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
3Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
4Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
5Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Spinal cord injury (SCI), involving damaged axons and glial scar tissue, often culminates in irreversible impairments. Achieving substantial recovery following complete spinal cord transection remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report of implantation of an engineered 3D construct embedded with human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) induced to secrete neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and axonal elongation-associated factors, in a complete spinal cord transection rat model. Rats implanted with induced tissue engineering constructs regained fine motor control, coordination and walking pattern in sharp contrast to the untreated group that remained paralyzed (42 vs. 0%).
Immunofluorescence, CLARITY, MRI, and electrophysiological assessments demonstrated a reconnection bridging the injured area, as well as presence of increased number of myelinated axons, neural precursors, and reduced glial scar tissue in recovered animals treated with the induced cell-embedded constructs.
Finally, this construct is made of bio-compatible, clinically approved materials and utilizes a safe and easily extractable cell population. The results warrant further research with regards to the effectiveness of this treatment in addressing spinal cord injury.
Introduction
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in structural and functional damage to neural circuitry, arising from axon loss, local inflammation, glial scarring, and progressive tissue cavitation extending beyond the boundaries of the primary lesion (Cregg et al., 2014). Allograft nerve transplantation, cell therapy, and implantation of engineered tissue have achieved partial functional recovery in SCI rodents (Ramon-Cueto et al., 2000; Coumans et al., 2001; Cao et al., 2004; Fouad et al., 2005; Guo et al., 2007; Pan et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2012, 2014).
Cell therapy relying on autologous cells capable of inducing neuroprotective and regenerative processes would be of significant potential for future clinical purposes.
Several types of autologous cells present attributes rendering them promising candidates for effective cell therapy.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from various sources and olfactory ensheathing cells are the most studied cell types for autologous transplantation, showing efficacy to ameliorate SCI in animal models and also in early human clinical trials
(Tabakow et al., 2013; Jarocha et al., 2014; Kakabadze et al., 2016; Assinck et al., 2017; Melo et al., 2017). These can be used in combination with scaffolds, genetic engineering, medium-based induction or co-transplanted with other cell types (Assinck et al., 2017).
Other cell types such as induced pluripotent-derived cells (Khazaei et al., 2016), dental pulp stem cells (Sakai et al., 2012), neural progenitors grafts (Lu et al., 2014; Kadoya et al., 2016) showed efficacy in treating SCI in animal models.
Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSCs) exhibit a neural crest-like stem cell phenotype, high expandability, which persists for over 70 cumulative population doublings, low interdonor heterogeneity and a negligible effect of aging on clonogenicity, growth and differentiation (Marynka-Kalmani et al., 2010). We recently reported that hOMSCs can be induced into astrocyte-like cells, which exhibit elevated secretion of neurotophic factors (NTFs), provide neuroprotection to motor neurons in vitro and enhance neural repair in rats with sciatic nerve injury (Ganz et al., 2014).
Tissue engineered (TE) scaffolds provide a 3D environment in which cells can attach, grow and differentiate, maintain cell distribution, and provide graft protection following transplantation (Levenberg and Langer, 2004).
Biodegradable scaffolds are of special importance for spinal cord repair since they can provide the initial protection for grafted cells and guidance for axons, while degrading after these processes are completed. We have shown that biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)(PLLA)/polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds support proliferation, differentiation, and organization of embedded olfactory bulb-derived cells, enhancing their NTF secretion (Blumenthal et al., 2013; Shandalov et al., 2014).
PLGA was selected to provide flexibility, whereas the PLLA was chosen to provide stiffness. Thus, the biomechanical properties of the scaffold depend on the ratio of PLLA and PLGA used, allowing tuning of its stiffness and its micro-pores' shape (Levy-Mishali et al., 2009; Lesman et al., 2011). For this study we used 50% PLLA and 50% PLGA porous scaffolds, which feature porous structure compatible with cell culture, easily implantable, and estimated to degrade in ~60 days (Teng et al., 2002).
Furthermore, such scaffolds can act as a reservoir for secreted NTFs, creating gradients capable of both supporting morphogenesis and potentiating their actions (Blumenthal et al., 2013). Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that an implantable TE construct consisting of induced-hOMSCs embedded in a fibrin/PLLA/PLGA matrix may act as a multi-effector device capable of enhancing endogenous regenerative processes and promoting neurological recovery following complete spinal cord transection.
Using HumanbMouth Stemcells reeingeered into Astrocytes. And Building a temporary neuroscaffold around the break ( receipe included) with designed spongy tissue which secretes nerve regrowth factor.
#Neuroscience #Biotech #ScienceOnG+
#MedicalBreakthroughs #ScienceSunday
Cool videos at the end, too
Front. Neurosci., 31 October 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00589
Implantation of 3D Constructs Embedded with Oral Mucosa-Derived Cells Induces Functional Recovery in Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Transection
Javier Ganz1†, Erez Shor2†, Shaowei Guo2, Anton Sheinin3, Ina Arie4, Izhak Michaelevski3,5, Sandu Pitaru4, Daniel Offen1‡ and Shulamit Levenberg2*‡
1Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
3Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
4Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
5Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Spinal cord injury (SCI), involving damaged axons and glial scar tissue, often culminates in irreversible impairments. Achieving substantial recovery following complete spinal cord transection remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report of implantation of an engineered 3D construct embedded with human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) induced to secrete neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and axonal elongation-associated factors, in a complete spinal cord transection rat model. Rats implanted with induced tissue engineering constructs regained fine motor control, coordination and walking pattern in sharp contrast to the untreated group that remained paralyzed (42 vs. 0%).
Immunofluorescence, CLARITY, MRI, and electrophysiological assessments demonstrated a reconnection bridging the injured area, as well as presence of increased number of myelinated axons, neural precursors, and reduced glial scar tissue in recovered animals treated with the induced cell-embedded constructs.
Finally, this construct is made of bio-compatible, clinically approved materials and utilizes a safe and easily extractable cell population. The results warrant further research with regards to the effectiveness of this treatment in addressing spinal cord injury.
Introduction
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in structural and functional damage to neural circuitry, arising from axon loss, local inflammation, glial scarring, and progressive tissue cavitation extending beyond the boundaries of the primary lesion (Cregg et al., 2014). Allograft nerve transplantation, cell therapy, and implantation of engineered tissue have achieved partial functional recovery in SCI rodents (Ramon-Cueto et al., 2000; Coumans et al., 2001; Cao et al., 2004; Fouad et al., 2005; Guo et al., 2007; Pan et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2012, 2014).
Cell therapy relying on autologous cells capable of inducing neuroprotective and regenerative processes would be of significant potential for future clinical purposes.
Several types of autologous cells present attributes rendering them promising candidates for effective cell therapy.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from various sources and olfactory ensheathing cells are the most studied cell types for autologous transplantation, showing efficacy to ameliorate SCI in animal models and also in early human clinical trials
(Tabakow et al., 2013; Jarocha et al., 2014; Kakabadze et al., 2016; Assinck et al., 2017; Melo et al., 2017). These can be used in combination with scaffolds, genetic engineering, medium-based induction or co-transplanted with other cell types (Assinck et al., 2017).
Other cell types such as induced pluripotent-derived cells (Khazaei et al., 2016), dental pulp stem cells (Sakai et al., 2012), neural progenitors grafts (Lu et al., 2014; Kadoya et al., 2016) showed efficacy in treating SCI in animal models.
Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSCs) exhibit a neural crest-like stem cell phenotype, high expandability, which persists for over 70 cumulative population doublings, low interdonor heterogeneity and a negligible effect of aging on clonogenicity, growth and differentiation (Marynka-Kalmani et al., 2010). We recently reported that hOMSCs can be induced into astrocyte-like cells, which exhibit elevated secretion of neurotophic factors (NTFs), provide neuroprotection to motor neurons in vitro and enhance neural repair in rats with sciatic nerve injury (Ganz et al., 2014).
Tissue engineered (TE) scaffolds provide a 3D environment in which cells can attach, grow and differentiate, maintain cell distribution, and provide graft protection following transplantation (Levenberg and Langer, 2004).
Biodegradable scaffolds are of special importance for spinal cord repair since they can provide the initial protection for grafted cells and guidance for axons, while degrading after these processes are completed. We have shown that biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)(PLLA)/polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds support proliferation, differentiation, and organization of embedded olfactory bulb-derived cells, enhancing their NTF secretion (Blumenthal et al., 2013; Shandalov et al., 2014).
PLGA was selected to provide flexibility, whereas the PLLA was chosen to provide stiffness. Thus, the biomechanical properties of the scaffold depend on the ratio of PLLA and PLGA used, allowing tuning of its stiffness and its micro-pores' shape (Levy-Mishali et al., 2009; Lesman et al., 2011). For this study we used 50% PLLA and 50% PLGA porous scaffolds, which feature porous structure compatible with cell culture, easily implantable, and estimated to degrade in ~60 days (Teng et al., 2002).
Furthermore, such scaffolds can act as a reservoir for secreted NTFs, creating gradients capable of both supporting morphogenesis and potentiating their actions (Blumenthal et al., 2013). Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that an implantable TE construct consisting of induced-hOMSCs embedded in a fibrin/PLLA/PLGA matrix may act as a multi-effector device capable of enhancing endogenous regenerative processes and promoting neurological recovery following complete spinal cord transection.
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#ScienceSunday: When a #polarbear wags their head from side to side, it's a sign that they want to play. Adult bears initiate play—which is actually ritualized fighting or mock battling—by standing on their hind legs, chin lowered to their chests, with front paws hanging by their sides.
More about this interesting behavior here: http://polarbearsinternational.org/polar-bears/behavior/#ScienceSunday: When a #polarbear wags their head from side to side, it's a sign that they want to play. Adult bears initiate play—which is actually ritualized fighting or mock battling—by standing on their hind legs, chin lowered to their chests, with front paws hanging by their sides.
More about this interesting behavior here: http://polarbearsinternational.org/polar-bears/behavior/
More about this interesting behavior here: http://polarbearsinternational.org/polar-bears/behavior/#ScienceSunday: When a #polarbear wags their head from side to side, it's a sign that they want to play. Adult bears initiate play—which is actually ritualized fighting or mock battling—by standing on their hind legs, chin lowered to their chests, with front paws hanging by their sides.
More about this interesting behavior here: http://polarbearsinternational.org/polar-bears/behavior/
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For this week's #ScienceSunday we will depart from our normal science news and share in the true spirit of this holiday weekend!
Buy that special someone a gift that will enable them to grow, learn, and explore!
Buy that special someone a gift that will enable them to grow, learn, and explore!
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A Guide to Cannabis Allergies and Symptoms
Read: http://ow.ly/ilUy30hgGNj
Buy: http://ow.ly/qJHZ30hgGN7
#Sunday #ScienceSunday #CBD #CBDHealthy #Hempworx
Read: http://ow.ly/ilUy30hgGNj
Buy: http://ow.ly/qJHZ30hgGN7
#Sunday #ScienceSunday #CBD #CBDHealthy #Hempworx
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