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Tools clipart.png This page is part of the MediaWiki action API documentation.
MediaWiki APIsAPI:Main page



MediaWiki action API

v · d · e
Esta é uma apresentação do API "ação". Observe a barra de menu à direita para subtópicos mais detalhados e outros APIs.

A API action do MediaWiki é um pt:Web service que fornece um acesso simplificado as ferramentas wiki, dados e meta-dados através do HTTP, via uma URL api.phpManual:api.php. Clientes solicitam "ações" particulares ao especificar um parâmetro action, principalmente action=query para obter informação. Era conhecida como a MediaWiki API, mas agora existem outro web APIs disponíveis que se conectam ao MediaWiki, tais como RESTBase e o Wikidata serviço de consulta.

Introdução[edit]

Note 'Nota: Se você está procurando por uma "API interna" ou "PHP API", veja a extensão de interface, que possibilita desenvolvedores PHP à adicionarem novas funcionalidades a uma instalação MediaWiki.

Deprecation notices are sent to the low-traffic mediawiki-api-announce mailing list. Subscription is recommended.

A API action do MediaWiki pode ser usado para monitorar uma instalação do MediaWiki, ou para criar um robô e mantê-lo autônomo. Fornece um acesso direto e de alto nível aos dados contidos nos bases de dados do MediaWiki. Programas de cliente podem fazer logon um wiki, obter dados e postar as alterações automaticamente, fazendo solicitações HTTP para o serviço da web. Clientes suportados incluem bots, fina na web JavaScript clientes tais como Popups de navegação e LiveRC, aplicativos de usuário final, como Vandal Fighter e outros sites da web (ferramenta Labs' Utilitários).

Nas novas instalações do MediaWiki, o serviço da web é habilitado por padrão, mas um administrador pode desativá-lo.

O MediaWiki tem duas outras interfaces externas:

Um exemplo simples[edit]

This URL tells English Wikipedia's web service API to send you the content of the main page:

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&titles=Main%20Page&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=json

Use any programming language to make an HTTP GET request for that URL (or just visit that link in your browser), and you'll get a JSON document which includes the current wiki markup for the page titled "Main Page". Changing the format to jsonfm will return a "pretty-printed" HTML result good for debugging.

Here is the jsonfm URL as an easier-to-read clickable link.

api.php?action=query&titles=Main%20Page&prop=revisions&rvprop=content&format=jsonfm [try in ApiSandbox]

Let's pick that URL apart to show how it works.

The endpoint[edit]

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php

This is the endpoint. It's like the home page of the MediaWiki web service API. This URL is the base URL for English Wikipedia's API, just as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ is the base URL for its web site.

If you're writing a program to use English Wikipedia, every URL you construct will begin with this base URL. If you're using a different MediaWiki installation, you'll need to find its endpoint and use that instead. All Wikimedia wikis have endpoints that follow this pattern:

https://www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php     # MediaWiki API
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php      # English Wikipedia API
https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php      # Dutch Wikipedia API
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php # Wikimedia Commons API


Versão do MediaWiki: ≥ 1.17

Since r75621, we have RSD discovery for the endpoint: look for the link rel="EditURI" in the HTML source of any page and extract the api.php URL; the actual link contains additional info. For instance, on this wiki it's:

<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//www.mediawiki.org/w/api.php?action=rsd" />

Otherwise, there's no safe way to locate the endpoint on any wiki. If you're lucky, either the full path to index.php will not be hidden under strange rewrite rules so that you'll only have to take the "edit" (or history) link and replace index.php (etc.) with api.php, or you'll be able to use the default script path (like w/api.php).

Now let's move on to the parameters in the query string of the URL.

The format[edit]

format=json This tells the API that we want data to be returned in JSON format. You might also want to try format=jsonfm to get an HTML version of the result that is good for debugging. The API supports other output formats such as XML and native PHP, but there are plans to remove less popular formats (phab:T95715), so you might not want to use them.

The action[edit]

action=query

The MediaWiki web service API implements dozens of actions and extensions implement many more; the dynamically generated API help documents all available actions on a wiki. In this case, we're using the "query" action to get some information. The "query" action is one of the API's most important actions, and it has extensive documentation of its own. What follows is just an explanation of a single example.

Action-specific parameters[edit]

titles=Main%20Page

The rest of the example URL contains parameters used by the "query" action. Here, we're telling the web service API that we want information about the Wiki page called "Main Page". (The %20 comes from percent-encoding a space.) If you need to query multiple pages, put them all in one request to optimize network and server resources: titles=PageA|PageB|PageC. See the query documentation for details.

prop=revisions

You can request many kinds of information, or properties, about a page. This parameter tells the web service API that we want information about a particular revision of the page. Since we're not specifying any revision information, the API will give us information about the latest revision — the main page of Wikipedia as it stands right now.

rvprop=content

Finally, this parameter tells the web service API that we want the content of the latest revision of the page. If we passed in rvprop=content|user instead, we'd get the latest page content and the name of the user who made the most recent revision.

Again, this is just one example. Queries are explained in more detail here, and the API reference lists all the possible actions, all the possible values for rvprop, and so on.

An introduction to the API by Roan Kattouw at the San Francisco Hackathon January 2012


Getting started[edit]

Before you start using the MediaWiki web service API, be sure to read these documents:

Beyond that point, what you need to read depends on what you want to do. The right-hand menu links to detailed, task-specific documentation, and some more general guidelines are given below.

Identifying your client[edit]

When you make HTTP requests to the MediaWiki web service API, be sure to specify a User-Agent header that properly identifies your client. Don't use the default User-Agent provided by your client library, but make up a custom header that identifies your script or service and provides some type of means of contacting you (e.g., an e-mail address).

An example User-Agent string might look like:

MyCoolTool/1.1 (https://example.org/MyCoolTool/; [email protected]) BasedOnSuperLib/1.4

On Wikimedia wikis, if you don't supply a User-Agent header, or you supply an empty or generic one, your request will fail with an HTTP 403 error (cf. m:User-Agent policy). Other MediaWiki installations may have similar policies.

If you are calling the API from browser-based JavaScript, you won't be able to influence the User-Agent header: the browser will use its own. To work around this, use the Api-User-Agent header:

// Using XMLHttpRequest
xhr.setRequestHeader( 'Api-User-Agent', 'Example/1.0' );

// Using jQuery
$.ajax( {
    url: remoteUrlWithOrigin,
    data: queryData,
    dataType: 'json',
    type: 'POST',
    headers: { 'Api-User-Agent': 'Example/1.0' },
    success: function(data) {
       // do something with data
    }
} );

// Using mw.Api, specify it when creating the mw.Api object
var api = new mw.Api( {
    ajax: {
        headers: { 'Api-User-Agent': 'Example/1.0' }
    }
} );
api.get( {...} ).done(function(data) {
    // do something with data
});

In PHP, you can identify your user-agent with code such as this:

ini_set('user_agent', 'MyCoolTool/1.1 (https://example.org/MyCoolTool/; [email protected]) BasedOnSuperLib/1.4');

Or if you use cURL:

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'MyCoolTool/1.1 (https://example.org/MyCoolTool/; [email protected]) BasedOnSuperLib/1.4');

Logging in[edit]

Your client will probably need to log in to MediaWiki, possibly via its own user account. See the login manual page for details.

API etiquette[edit]

Please also read: API:Etiquette

If your requests obtain data that can be cached for a while, you should take steps to cache it, so you don't request the same data over and over again. More information about rate-limiting, concurrency, and general API etiquette can be found at API:Etiquette. Some clients may be able to cache data themselves, but for others (particularly JavaScript clients), this is not possible.

Per the HTTP specification, POST requests cannot be cached. Therefore, whenever you're reading data from the web service API, you should use GET requests, not POST.

Also note that a request cannot be served from cache unless the URL is exactly the same. If you make a request for api.php?....titles=Foo|Bar|Hello, and cache the result, then a request for api.php?....titles=Hello|Bar|Hello|Foo will not go through the cache — even though MediaWiki returns the same data!

You should take care to normalize the URLs you send to the MediaWiki web service, so that slightly different user input won't cause you to waste time on unnecessary HTTP requests. You can normalize a list of page titles by removing duplicates and sorting the titles alphabetically. Similar techniques will work for other kinds of data.

Links úteis[edit]

Barra de menu no lado direito desta página contém links para documentação mais detalhada, tarefas específicas. Aqui estão alguns links que tenha a ver com a API como um todo:

Links arquivados[edit]

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