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What Really Happened In The Apollo 13 Disaster?
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Lanzamiento espacial!
Apollo 13 Launched to Moon on April 11, 1970. "Houston, We've Had a Problem."
I was too young at the time to understand the implications of this space emergency, but I do know the world was watching, and holding its collective breath. Watch the film Apollo 13 sometime to see what they faced. It's a great look at the events.
Also, I highly recommend watching the miniseries from Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg, From The Earth To The Moon that covers this mission brilliantly as well. (Episode 8: "We Interrupt This Program")
Apollo 13
On April 11, 1970, Apollo 13, the third lunar landing mission, is successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell, John L. Swigert, and Fred W. Haise. The spacecraft’s destination was the Fra Mauro highlands of the moon, where the astronauts were to explore the Imbrium Basin and conduct geological experiments. After an oxygen tank exploded on the evening of April 13, however, the new mission objective became to get the Apollo 13 crew home alive.
At 9:00 p.m. EST on April 13, Apollo 13 was just over 200,000 miles from Earth. The crew had just completed a television broadcast and was inspecting Aquarius, the Landing Module (LM). The next day, Apollo 13 was to enter the moon’s orbit, and soon after, Lovell and Haise would become the fifth and sixth men to walk on the moon.
At 9:08 p.m., these plans were shattered when an explosion rocked the spacecraft. Oxygen tank No. 2 had blown up, disabling the normal supply of oxygen, electricity, light, and water. Lovell reported to mission control: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here,” and the crew scrambled to find out what had happened. Several minutes later, Lovell looked out of the left-hand window and saw that the spacecraft was venting a gas, which turned out to be the Command Module’s (CM) oxygen. The landing mission was aborted.
As the CM lost pressure, its fuel cells also died, and one hour after the explosion mission control instructed the crew to move to the LM, which had sufficient oxygen, and use it as a lifeboat. The CM was shut down but would have to be brought back on-line for Earth reentry. The LM was designed to ferry astronauts from the orbiting CM to the moon’s surface and back again; its power supply was meant to support two people for 45 hours. If the crew of Apollo 13 were to make it back to Earth alive, the LM would have to support three men for at least 90 hours and successfully navigate more than 200,000 miles of space. The crew and mission control faced a formidable task.
To complete its long journey, the LM needed energy and cooling water. Both were to be conserved at the cost of the crew, who went on one-fifth water rations and would later endure cabin temperatures that hovered a few degrees above freezing. Removal of carbon dioxide was also a problem, because the square lithium hydroxide canisters from the CM were not compatible with the round openings in the LM environmental system. Mission control built an impromptu adapter out of materials known to be onboard, and the crew successfully copied their model.
Navigation was also a major problem. The LM lacked a sophisticated navigational system, and the astronauts and mission control had to work out by hand the changes in propulsion and direction needed to take the spacecraft home. On April 14, Apollo 13 swung around the moon. Swigert and Haise took pictures, and Lovell talked with mission control about the most difficult maneuver, a five-minute engine burn that would give the LM enough speed to return home before its energy ran out. Two hours after rounding the far side of the moon, the crew, using the sun as an alignment point, fired the LM’s small descent engine. The procedure was a success; Apollo 13 was on its way home.
For the next three days, Lovell, Haise, and Swigert huddled in the freezing lunar module. Haise developed a case of the flu. Mission control spent this time frantically trying to develop a procedure that would allow the astronauts to restart the CM for reentry. On April 17, a last-minute navigational correction was made, this time using Earth as an alignment guide. Then the repressurized CM was successfully powered up after its long, cold sleep. The heavily damaged service module was shed, and one hour before re-entry the LM was disengaged from the CM. Just before 1 p.m., the spacecraft reentered Earth’s atmosphere. Mission control feared that the CM’s heat shields were damaged in the accident, but after four minutes of radio silence Apollo 13‘s parachutes were spotted, and the astronauts splashed down safely into the Pacific Ocean.
#apollo13 #spaceexploration #moon #nasa #astronaut #lunarlanding #americanhistory #onthisday #fromtheearthtothemoon
via/ http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/apollo-13-launched-to-moon
I was too young at the time to understand the implications of this space emergency, but I do know the world was watching, and holding its collective breath. Watch the film Apollo 13 sometime to see what they faced. It's a great look at the events.
Also, I highly recommend watching the miniseries from Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg, From The Earth To The Moon that covers this mission brilliantly as well. (Episode 8: "We Interrupt This Program")
Apollo 13
On April 11, 1970, Apollo 13, the third lunar landing mission, is successfully launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell, John L. Swigert, and Fred W. Haise. The spacecraft’s destination was the Fra Mauro highlands of the moon, where the astronauts were to explore the Imbrium Basin and conduct geological experiments. After an oxygen tank exploded on the evening of April 13, however, the new mission objective became to get the Apollo 13 crew home alive.
At 9:00 p.m. EST on April 13, Apollo 13 was just over 200,000 miles from Earth. The crew had just completed a television broadcast and was inspecting Aquarius, the Landing Module (LM). The next day, Apollo 13 was to enter the moon’s orbit, and soon after, Lovell and Haise would become the fifth and sixth men to walk on the moon.
At 9:08 p.m., these plans were shattered when an explosion rocked the spacecraft. Oxygen tank No. 2 had blown up, disabling the normal supply of oxygen, electricity, light, and water. Lovell reported to mission control: “Houston, we’ve had a problem here,” and the crew scrambled to find out what had happened. Several minutes later, Lovell looked out of the left-hand window and saw that the spacecraft was venting a gas, which turned out to be the Command Module’s (CM) oxygen. The landing mission was aborted.
As the CM lost pressure, its fuel cells also died, and one hour after the explosion mission control instructed the crew to move to the LM, which had sufficient oxygen, and use it as a lifeboat. The CM was shut down but would have to be brought back on-line for Earth reentry. The LM was designed to ferry astronauts from the orbiting CM to the moon’s surface and back again; its power supply was meant to support two people for 45 hours. If the crew of Apollo 13 were to make it back to Earth alive, the LM would have to support three men for at least 90 hours and successfully navigate more than 200,000 miles of space. The crew and mission control faced a formidable task.
To complete its long journey, the LM needed energy and cooling water. Both were to be conserved at the cost of the crew, who went on one-fifth water rations and would later endure cabin temperatures that hovered a few degrees above freezing. Removal of carbon dioxide was also a problem, because the square lithium hydroxide canisters from the CM were not compatible with the round openings in the LM environmental system. Mission control built an impromptu adapter out of materials known to be onboard, and the crew successfully copied their model.
Navigation was also a major problem. The LM lacked a sophisticated navigational system, and the astronauts and mission control had to work out by hand the changes in propulsion and direction needed to take the spacecraft home. On April 14, Apollo 13 swung around the moon. Swigert and Haise took pictures, and Lovell talked with mission control about the most difficult maneuver, a five-minute engine burn that would give the LM enough speed to return home before its energy ran out. Two hours after rounding the far side of the moon, the crew, using the sun as an alignment point, fired the LM’s small descent engine. The procedure was a success; Apollo 13 was on its way home.
For the next three days, Lovell, Haise, and Swigert huddled in the freezing lunar module. Haise developed a case of the flu. Mission control spent this time frantically trying to develop a procedure that would allow the astronauts to restart the CM for reentry. On April 17, a last-minute navigational correction was made, this time using Earth as an alignment guide. Then the repressurized CM was successfully powered up after its long, cold sleep. The heavily damaged service module was shed, and one hour before re-entry the LM was disengaged from the CM. Just before 1 p.m., the spacecraft reentered Earth’s atmosphere. Mission control feared that the CM’s heat shields were damaged in the accident, but after four minutes of radio silence Apollo 13‘s parachutes were spotted, and the astronauts splashed down safely into the Pacific Ocean.
#apollo13 #spaceexploration #moon #nasa #astronaut #lunarlanding #americanhistory #onthisday #fromtheearthtothemoon
via/ http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/apollo-13-launched-to-moon
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Business Strategy Lessons From Apollo 13
Here are three lessons from the Apollo 13 mission that you can use to improve your strategic plan. If you’ve seen the movie Apollo 13, you might remember that early in the crisis, Gene Kranz, the flight director, gives assignments to his engineers. He cautions them to rely on data, telling everyone to “work the problem,” and not make things worse by guessing.
Throughout the crisis, the astronauts and the team in Houston study the data, perform calculations, conduct simulations, observe the results and then calculate again. They never guess when they don’t have to – they obsess over data to ensure they understand the whole problem and the entire range of possible solutions.
Creating a great business strategy requires the same obsessive attention to data. You have to base your solutions on statistically valid and comprehensive information about your company, your customers, your competitors and your industry.
Whenever you start a strategic planning process, every member of the planning team brings his own paradigms to the discussion. People make assumptions based on their experience, anecdotes and “corporate urban legends” that exist in every company.
Generally, we’ve found that 80% of these assumptions are relatively accurate, but the rest are not. That sounds like a good success ratio until you realize that if every executive is 20% wrong in her assumptions, then the team is seriously misaligned in their views of the current business situation. There’s just no substitute for good data. It level-sets the team and equips them to make decisions with facts instead of hunches.
Another great lesson from Apollo 13 is how the engineers dove into the details to develop and implement solutions. One of my favorite examples is when they realize that they need a round air filter to fit into a square filter box. They don’t waste time discussing it theoretically – they simply gather up everything that they know is available to the astronauts in the spacecraft, and they build a prototype solution. They hand-write detailed instructions about how to use a sock and some duct tape to solve the problem. Then they radio the instructions to the astronauts who implement the solution.
This situation models the second characteristic of a great strategy – your plans must be detailed enough so that everyone knows exactly what to do. Getting very specific is challenging for a visionary executive team that’s used to operating in the stratosphere. Some strategic plans fail at implementation because the strategy team doesn’t agree on who will do what by when – and with which resources.
The movie “Apollo 13” depicts one last extremely important strategy lesson. The flight director knows his team faces huge risks and that the outcome is uncertain, but he refuses to water down the goal. He doesn’t say, “Wouldn’t it be great if we could save the astronauts?” or, “Let’s try to save two out of three.” He says from the start that failure is not an option, and he deals with every situation assuming his team can overcome every obstacle. He won’t allow anyone to think otherwise. At one point, a White House representative asks the head of the Apollo program what he should tell the president. The NASA chief gives a dismal assessment, saying, “This could be the worst disaster we’ve ever faced.”
Flight Director Kranz overhears the comment, faces the two men and says, “With all due respect, I believe this will be our finest hour.” Let me ask you: If the flight director didn’t send this strong message to his team, if he showed any signs of doubt, do you think his team might have believed just a little less that they could save the astronauts? Do you think the outcome could have been different?
A great strategy is bold, clear and uncompromising; it energizes your whole company around significant and vital goals. And remember, your people want to be on a winning team – your strategy must convey that you are serious about beating the competition.
So there you have it – three lessons from the Apollo 13 mission that will improve your strategic plan. Remember to base your strategy on data, develop detailed action plans, and set goals that build excitement and conviction across your company.
http://www.project-manager-interview-questions-and-answers.com/business-strategy-lessons-from-apollo-13/
-
#Interview #JobInterview #InterviewQuestions #InterviewTips #Recession #Howtogetajob #Employment #Unemployment #Career #CareerAdvice #ProjectManagement #Business #BusinessStrategy #Apollo13
Here are three lessons from the Apollo 13 mission that you can use to improve your strategic plan. If you’ve seen the movie Apollo 13, you might remember that early in the crisis, Gene Kranz, the flight director, gives assignments to his engineers. He cautions them to rely on data, telling everyone to “work the problem,” and not make things worse by guessing.
Throughout the crisis, the astronauts and the team in Houston study the data, perform calculations, conduct simulations, observe the results and then calculate again. They never guess when they don’t have to – they obsess over data to ensure they understand the whole problem and the entire range of possible solutions.
Creating a great business strategy requires the same obsessive attention to data. You have to base your solutions on statistically valid and comprehensive information about your company, your customers, your competitors and your industry.
Whenever you start a strategic planning process, every member of the planning team brings his own paradigms to the discussion. People make assumptions based on their experience, anecdotes and “corporate urban legends” that exist in every company.
Generally, we’ve found that 80% of these assumptions are relatively accurate, but the rest are not. That sounds like a good success ratio until you realize that if every executive is 20% wrong in her assumptions, then the team is seriously misaligned in their views of the current business situation. There’s just no substitute for good data. It level-sets the team and equips them to make decisions with facts instead of hunches.
Another great lesson from Apollo 13 is how the engineers dove into the details to develop and implement solutions. One of my favorite examples is when they realize that they need a round air filter to fit into a square filter box. They don’t waste time discussing it theoretically – they simply gather up everything that they know is available to the astronauts in the spacecraft, and they build a prototype solution. They hand-write detailed instructions about how to use a sock and some duct tape to solve the problem. Then they radio the instructions to the astronauts who implement the solution.
This situation models the second characteristic of a great strategy – your plans must be detailed enough so that everyone knows exactly what to do. Getting very specific is challenging for a visionary executive team that’s used to operating in the stratosphere. Some strategic plans fail at implementation because the strategy team doesn’t agree on who will do what by when – and with which resources.
The movie “Apollo 13” depicts one last extremely important strategy lesson. The flight director knows his team faces huge risks and that the outcome is uncertain, but he refuses to water down the goal. He doesn’t say, “Wouldn’t it be great if we could save the astronauts?” or, “Let’s try to save two out of three.” He says from the start that failure is not an option, and he deals with every situation assuming his team can overcome every obstacle. He won’t allow anyone to think otherwise. At one point, a White House representative asks the head of the Apollo program what he should tell the president. The NASA chief gives a dismal assessment, saying, “This could be the worst disaster we’ve ever faced.”
Flight Director Kranz overhears the comment, faces the two men and says, “With all due respect, I believe this will be our finest hour.” Let me ask you: If the flight director didn’t send this strong message to his team, if he showed any signs of doubt, do you think his team might have believed just a little less that they could save the astronauts? Do you think the outcome could have been different?
A great strategy is bold, clear and uncompromising; it energizes your whole company around significant and vital goals. And remember, your people want to be on a winning team – your strategy must convey that you are serious about beating the competition.
So there you have it – three lessons from the Apollo 13 mission that will improve your strategic plan. Remember to base your strategy on data, develop detailed action plans, and set goals that build excitement and conviction across your company.
http://www.project-manager-interview-questions-and-answers.com/business-strategy-lessons-from-apollo-13/
-
#Interview #JobInterview #InterviewQuestions #InterviewTips #Recession #Howtogetajob #Employment #Unemployment #Career #CareerAdvice #ProjectManagement #Business #BusinessStrategy #Apollo13
Business Strategy Lessons From Apollo 13
project-manager-interview-questions-and-answers.com
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On this day:
At 30th June of 1995, the movie "Apollo 13" was released.
For those too young to recall the tragic events of November 22, 1963 (the assassination of President John F. Kennedy), one of the most stark and enduring images of a lifetime came on a frigid afternoon in January 1986 when the Space Shuttle Challenger blew up while skyrocketing heavenward.
By that time, shuttle flights had become routine, and few gave much thought to the possibility of something going wrong. After the accident, NASA was forced to re-evaluate its plans while everyone who had watched considered their own mortality. Not since April of 1970 and Apollo 13 had the United States' space program encountered this kind of disaster, except in that case, no lives were lost.
The Apollo program was first announced in 1961. The climax came on July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong stepped out of Apollo 11's lunar module and issued his famous quote. Nine months later, with astronauts Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks), Fred Haise (Bill Paxton), and Jack Swigert (Kevin Bacon) aboard, Apollo 13 left the launch pad. Since moonshots were now regarded as commonplace, none of the three networks chose to air Lovell's first broadcast to Earth, preferring instead the likes of 'I Dream of Jeannie' (which, ironically, featured a strong fictional image of NASA).
However, when an explosion left the crew with a dwindling oxygen supply and failing power, television took notice, as did the entire world. This is the story told by Ron Howard ('Parenthood', 'Far and Away') in Apollo 13, his best movie to date.
Perhaps the most impressive feat of this film is sustaining white-knuckle tension even though the chain of events is well-known. The conclusion of the mission is a matter of recent historical record, yet recalling how it ends does nothing to lessen the excitement or dampen the emotional impact of several key moments. Such deft film making is a prime reason why Apollo 13 is an unqualified success.
It's not the only reason, however. During the 140-minute running time, we are essentially given three stories: the astronauts' struggle to stay alive, the controlled chaos at NASA as experts are forced to come up with unexpected solutions, and the trauma faced by the families of the men whose lives are in danger. With inserts of news footage from the time (much of which features Walter Cronkite), Apollo 13 attains a level of verisimilitude few current features can match.
Scientifically, Apollo 13 is accurate, even though at times things seem more like science fiction. Additionally, with a script that relies on Lovell's account, this movie takes fewer liberties with the facts than many other productions based on true events. Apollo 13 has tremendous appeal because the story is only 45 years removed from the nightly news, and many of the details still linger.
The effective, understated special effects never upstage any of the fine performances. All three actors playing the astronauts: Hanks, Paxton, and Bacon, have gotten under their characters' skins. Ed Harris exudes a palpable intensity in a supporting performance as Mission Controller Gene Kranz, the coordinator of the teamwork that goes into saving the space craft. Gary Sinese, reunited here with Forrest Gump co-star Tom Hanks, plays Ken Mattingly, the member of Lovell's team who, after being refused medical clearance to fly, plays a crucial role in the rescue.
Howard has a firm grasp on what he's attempting. The little details are all right. Among its many successes, Apollo 13 offers the simple wonder of taking the audience to a strange place. Many movies these days are content to tell a story mechanically, without actually transporting the viewer somewhere else. Not so here. We are with Lovell, Haise, and Swigert through every harrowing mile of their journey, and when Lovell dreams of setting foot on the moon, we understand his loss.
The villain here is the vastness of space, an antagonist that refuses direct confrontation. There isn't a traditional bad guy to be found, but Apollo 13 needs no such useless embellishment. The basic human drama of the situation raises the heartbeat far more than all the explosions of 'Die Hard with a Vengeance' or the contrived submarine warfare of 'Crimson Tide.'
Reality has a taste the likes of which fiction can rarely match. Those who recall that week in April 1970 will enjoy seeing the full story unfold; those who are too young to remember will get a feeling not only of what the individuals endured, but how the country as a whole reacted. While the events of this motion picture may depict NASA's finest hour, the release of Apollo 13 represents Ron Howard's.
The film was a box office success, gaining $355,237,933 worldwide. The film's widest release was 2,347 theaters. The film's opening weekend and the following two weeks placed it at #1 with a US gross of $25,353,380, which made up 14.7% of the total US gross.
Apollo 13 has an excellent story made even better by the fact that it is true, it has great acting, skillful direction, and plenty of tasteful humor. It is not only a highly entertaining film, but is also educational, which should please parents (as if they need any more pleasing than seeing their younger years brought back to life on the silver screen). Definite must-see, Apollo 13 is a contemporary classic.
#Apollo13 #TomHanks
#90sMovies #Movies
#AdventureFilm #Drama
#DramaFilm #SciFi
#ScifiFilm #RonHoward
#HistoricalFilm #Onthisday
#Apollo1320thAnniversary #MovieReview
At 30th June of 1995, the movie "Apollo 13" was released.
For those too young to recall the tragic events of November 22, 1963 (the assassination of President John F. Kennedy), one of the most stark and enduring images of a lifetime came on a frigid afternoon in January 1986 when the Space Shuttle Challenger blew up while skyrocketing heavenward.
By that time, shuttle flights had become routine, and few gave much thought to the possibility of something going wrong. After the accident, NASA was forced to re-evaluate its plans while everyone who had watched considered their own mortality. Not since April of 1970 and Apollo 13 had the United States' space program encountered this kind of disaster, except in that case, no lives were lost.
The Apollo program was first announced in 1961. The climax came on July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong stepped out of Apollo 11's lunar module and issued his famous quote. Nine months later, with astronauts Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks), Fred Haise (Bill Paxton), and Jack Swigert (Kevin Bacon) aboard, Apollo 13 left the launch pad. Since moonshots were now regarded as commonplace, none of the three networks chose to air Lovell's first broadcast to Earth, preferring instead the likes of 'I Dream of Jeannie' (which, ironically, featured a strong fictional image of NASA).
However, when an explosion left the crew with a dwindling oxygen supply and failing power, television took notice, as did the entire world. This is the story told by Ron Howard ('Parenthood', 'Far and Away') in Apollo 13, his best movie to date.
Perhaps the most impressive feat of this film is sustaining white-knuckle tension even though the chain of events is well-known. The conclusion of the mission is a matter of recent historical record, yet recalling how it ends does nothing to lessen the excitement or dampen the emotional impact of several key moments. Such deft film making is a prime reason why Apollo 13 is an unqualified success.
It's not the only reason, however. During the 140-minute running time, we are essentially given three stories: the astronauts' struggle to stay alive, the controlled chaos at NASA as experts are forced to come up with unexpected solutions, and the trauma faced by the families of the men whose lives are in danger. With inserts of news footage from the time (much of which features Walter Cronkite), Apollo 13 attains a level of verisimilitude few current features can match.
Scientifically, Apollo 13 is accurate, even though at times things seem more like science fiction. Additionally, with a script that relies on Lovell's account, this movie takes fewer liberties with the facts than many other productions based on true events. Apollo 13 has tremendous appeal because the story is only 45 years removed from the nightly news, and many of the details still linger.
The effective, understated special effects never upstage any of the fine performances. All three actors playing the astronauts: Hanks, Paxton, and Bacon, have gotten under their characters' skins. Ed Harris exudes a palpable intensity in a supporting performance as Mission Controller Gene Kranz, the coordinator of the teamwork that goes into saving the space craft. Gary Sinese, reunited here with Forrest Gump co-star Tom Hanks, plays Ken Mattingly, the member of Lovell's team who, after being refused medical clearance to fly, plays a crucial role in the rescue.
Howard has a firm grasp on what he's attempting. The little details are all right. Among its many successes, Apollo 13 offers the simple wonder of taking the audience to a strange place. Many movies these days are content to tell a story mechanically, without actually transporting the viewer somewhere else. Not so here. We are with Lovell, Haise, and Swigert through every harrowing mile of their journey, and when Lovell dreams of setting foot on the moon, we understand his loss.
The villain here is the vastness of space, an antagonist that refuses direct confrontation. There isn't a traditional bad guy to be found, but Apollo 13 needs no such useless embellishment. The basic human drama of the situation raises the heartbeat far more than all the explosions of 'Die Hard with a Vengeance' or the contrived submarine warfare of 'Crimson Tide.'
Reality has a taste the likes of which fiction can rarely match. Those who recall that week in April 1970 will enjoy seeing the full story unfold; those who are too young to remember will get a feeling not only of what the individuals endured, but how the country as a whole reacted. While the events of this motion picture may depict NASA's finest hour, the release of Apollo 13 represents Ron Howard's.
The film was a box office success, gaining $355,237,933 worldwide. The film's widest release was 2,347 theaters. The film's opening weekend and the following two weeks placed it at #1 with a US gross of $25,353,380, which made up 14.7% of the total US gross.
Apollo 13 has an excellent story made even better by the fact that it is true, it has great acting, skillful direction, and plenty of tasteful humor. It is not only a highly entertaining film, but is also educational, which should please parents (as if they need any more pleasing than seeing their younger years brought back to life on the silver screen). Definite must-see, Apollo 13 is a contemporary classic.
#Apollo13 #TomHanks
#90sMovies #Movies
#AdventureFilm #Drama
#DramaFilm #SciFi
#ScifiFilm #RonHoward
#HistoricalFilm #Onthisday
#Apollo1320thAnniversary #MovieReview
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46 years ago tonight the Explosion in the Service Module of Apollo 13
From the failure of imagination of Apollo 1 to the Triumph of Apollo 11, by the time Apollo 13 rolled around the public and media had moved on to other things as space travel had become passe. then at 55:52:00 G.E.T. is equal to 03:05:00 UT 14 April 1970 (10:05 PM April 13 EST) things changed with the flip of a switch and world waited with baited breath to see if the crew would make it home. The Steely eyed Missile (wo) Men of Mission Control Believed that #failureisnotanoption and would do everything imaginable to bring them home.
From the failure of imagination of Apollo 1 to the Triumph of Apollo 11, by the time Apollo 13 rolled around the public and media had moved on to other things as space travel had become passe. then at 55:52:00 G.E.T. is equal to 03:05:00 UT 14 April 1970 (10:05 PM April 13 EST) things changed with the flip of a switch and world waited with baited breath to see if the crew would make it home. The Steely eyed Missile (wo) Men of Mission Control Believed that #failureisnotanoption and would do everything imaginable to bring them home.
Wed06 13:13 April 11th 1970, Apollo 13 Lifts off
Failure was not an option for the Steely-Eyed Missile (wo)men of Mission Control
At five and a half minutes after liftoff, Swigert, Haise, and Lovell felt a little vibration. Then the center engine of the S-II stage shut down two minutes early. This caused the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than planned, and the S-IVB third stage had to burn nine seconds longer to put Apollo 13 in orbit.
Days before the mission, backup LM pilot Charlie Duke inadvertently exposed the crew to German measles. Command module pilot, Ken Mattingly, turned out to have no immunity to measles and was replaced by backup command module pilot Jack Swigert.
Ground tests before launch, indicated the possibility of a poorly insulated supercritical helium tank in the LM's descent stage so the flight plan was modified to enter the LM three hours early in order to obtain an onboard readout of helium tank pressure.
The No. 2 oxygen tank, serial number 10024X-TA0009 had been previously installed in the service module of Apollo 10, but was removed for modification (and was damaged in the process of removal). The tank was fixed, tested at the factory, installed in the Apollo 13 service module. and tested again during the Countdown Demonstration Test (CDT) at the Kennedy Space Center.beginning March 16, 1970. The tanks normally are emptied to about half full, and No. 1 behaved all right. But No. 2 dropped to only 92 percent of capacity. Gaseous oxygen at 80 psi was applied through the vent line to expel the liquid oxygen, but to no avail. An interim discrepancy report was written, and on March 27, two weeks before launch, detanking operations were resumed. No. 1 again emptied normally, but No. 2 did not. After a conference with contractor and NASA personnel, the test director decided to "boil off" the remaining oxygen in No. 2 by using the electrical heater within the tank. The technique worked, but it took eight hours of 65-volt DC power from the ground-support equipment to dissipate the oxygen. Due to an oversight in replacing an underrated component during a design modification, this turned out to severely damage the internal heating elements of the tank.
Detailed Chronology - http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13chrono.html
Apollo 13 Review Board Report -
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_13_review_board.txt
#NASA #Apollo13 #failureisnotanoption
Failure was not an option for the Steely-Eyed Missile (wo)men of Mission Control
At five and a half minutes after liftoff, Swigert, Haise, and Lovell felt a little vibration. Then the center engine of the S-II stage shut down two minutes early. This caused the remaining four engines to burn 34 seconds longer than planned, and the S-IVB third stage had to burn nine seconds longer to put Apollo 13 in orbit.
Days before the mission, backup LM pilot Charlie Duke inadvertently exposed the crew to German measles. Command module pilot, Ken Mattingly, turned out to have no immunity to measles and was replaced by backup command module pilot Jack Swigert.
Ground tests before launch, indicated the possibility of a poorly insulated supercritical helium tank in the LM's descent stage so the flight plan was modified to enter the LM three hours early in order to obtain an onboard readout of helium tank pressure.
The No. 2 oxygen tank, serial number 10024X-TA0009 had been previously installed in the service module of Apollo 10, but was removed for modification (and was damaged in the process of removal). The tank was fixed, tested at the factory, installed in the Apollo 13 service module. and tested again during the Countdown Demonstration Test (CDT) at the Kennedy Space Center.beginning March 16, 1970. The tanks normally are emptied to about half full, and No. 1 behaved all right. But No. 2 dropped to only 92 percent of capacity. Gaseous oxygen at 80 psi was applied through the vent line to expel the liquid oxygen, but to no avail. An interim discrepancy report was written, and on March 27, two weeks before launch, detanking operations were resumed. No. 1 again emptied normally, but No. 2 did not. After a conference with contractor and NASA personnel, the test director decided to "boil off" the remaining oxygen in No. 2 by using the electrical heater within the tank. The technique worked, but it took eight hours of 65-volt DC power from the ground-support equipment to dissipate the oxygen. Due to an oversight in replacing an underrated component during a design modification, this turned out to severely damage the internal heating elements of the tank.
Detailed Chronology - http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13chrono.html
Apollo 13 Review Board Report -
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_13_review_board.txt
#NASA #Apollo13 #failureisnotanoption
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'Bored to Tears': 45 Years Since the Unlucky Voyage of Apollo 13 (Part 1)
By the spring of 1970, six months had passed since Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin triumphantly fulfilled President John F. Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. Their steps on the flat plain of the Sea of Tranquility remain the most remarkable accomplishment of our species, yet the extent to which the public—once enamored by the possibilities of space travel—grew weary and apathetic toward the exploration of the Moon is equally remarkable. When Apollo 12 flew in November 1969, few were watching. Fewer still were expected to tune in when Apollo 13 launched toward the lunar highlands on 11 April 1970, 45 years ago today, heading for a hilly place known as Fra Mauro, thought to contain material evidence from the Moon’s geological youth. The thrill had gone, and Americans were more preoccupied with ending an unpopular war in Vietnam and starting a new war on poverty in their own country. The voyage of Apollo 13, for a few days, refocused the world’s attention on space.
#Apollo #Apollo13 #NASA #Moon #History #ExploreSpace #Space
By the spring of 1970, six months had passed since Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin triumphantly fulfilled President John F. Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the decade. Their steps on the flat plain of the Sea of Tranquility remain the most remarkable accomplishment of our species, yet the extent to which the public—once enamored by the possibilities of space travel—grew weary and apathetic toward the exploration of the Moon is equally remarkable. When Apollo 12 flew in November 1969, few were watching. Fewer still were expected to tune in when Apollo 13 launched toward the lunar highlands on 11 April 1970, 45 years ago today, heading for a hilly place known as Fra Mauro, thought to contain material evidence from the Moon’s geological youth. The thrill had gone, and Americans were more preoccupied with ending an unpopular war in Vietnam and starting a new war on poverty in their own country. The voyage of Apollo 13, for a few days, refocused the world’s attention on space.
#Apollo #Apollo13 #NASA #Moon #History #ExploreSpace #Space
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LEGO Apollo 13 Minifigures by Minifig.me Now Available
Overnight, the guys over at Minifigs.me sent over some details of some of their newest LEGO minifigures commemorating the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 13 mission on April 11th.
Read the full post here: http://www.thebrickfan.com/lego-apollo-13-minifigures-by-minifig-me-now-available/
#LEGO #Apollo13
Overnight, the guys over at Minifigs.me sent over some details of some of their newest LEGO minifigures commemorating the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 13 mission on April 11th.
Read the full post here: http://www.thebrickfan.com/lego-apollo-13-minifigures-by-minifig-me-now-available/
#LEGO #Apollo13
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View of Lunar Crater Chaplygin taken from the Apollo 13 Lunar Module
An image of the Lunar crater Chaplygin taken from the Apollo 13 Lunar Module April 15, 1970. The famous mission which had a happy ending in the return of James A. Lovell, John L. "Jack" Swigert and Fred W. Haise back to Earth after their lunar landing had to be cancelled due to the explosion of an oxygen tank.
Chaplygin crater is located on the far side of the moon and has a diameter of 123 kilometers. It is named after the Russian physicist, mathematician and mechanical engineer Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin.
More on Apollo 13:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13
Chapyglin crater:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplygin_(crater)
More on Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Chaplygin
Image credit: NASA (AS13-62-8909) http://bit.ly/1bT0MZi - Edited by +Pierre Markuse
#science #space #chaplygin #moon #apollo13 #Чаплы́гин #photography
An image of the Lunar crater Chaplygin taken from the Apollo 13 Lunar Module April 15, 1970. The famous mission which had a happy ending in the return of James A. Lovell, John L. "Jack" Swigert and Fred W. Haise back to Earth after their lunar landing had to be cancelled due to the explosion of an oxygen tank.
Chaplygin crater is located on the far side of the moon and has a diameter of 123 kilometers. It is named after the Russian physicist, mathematician and mechanical engineer Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin.
More on Apollo 13:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_13
Chapyglin crater:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplygin_(crater)
More on Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Chaplygin
Image credit: NASA (AS13-62-8909) http://bit.ly/1bT0MZi - Edited by +Pierre Markuse
#science #space #chaplygin #moon #apollo13 #Чаплы́гин #photography
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NASA Apollo 13 Commander Jim Lovell: "A Successful Failure"
Great Storytelling! | MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics special presentation: Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell visited the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston on April 27, 2016 to talk about the mission's "successful failure."
Apollo 13 was the seventh manned mission in the American Apollo space program and the third intended to land on the Moon. The craft was launched on April 11, 1970, at 13:13 CST from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, but the lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen tank exploded two days later, crippling the Service Module (SM) upon which the Command Module (CM) depended. Despite great hardship caused by limited power, loss of cabin heat, shortage of potable water, and the critical need to make makeshift repairs to the carbon dioxide removal system, the crew returned safely to Earth on April 17.
The flight passed the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 kilometers (137 nautical miles) above the lunar surface, and 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth, a spaceflight record marking the farthest humans have ever traveled from Earth. The mission was commanded by James A. Lovell with John L. "Jack" Swigert as Command Module Pilot and Fred W. Haise as Lunar Module Pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for the original CM pilot Ken Mattingly, who was grounded by the flight surgeon after exposure to German measles.
(Source: Wikipedia)
MIT AeroAstro
http://aeroastro.mit.edu/
Commander: James A. Lovell, Jr.
Command Module Pilot: John L. "Jack" Swigert
Lunar Module Pilot: Fred W. Haise, Jr.
Credit: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Duration: 1 hour
Release Date: May 11, 2016
+AeroAstroMIT
+Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
+AIAA
+NASA's Kennedy Space Center
+NASA Johnson Space Center
#NASA #Space #Apollo #Apollo13 #Moon #Lunar #Astronaut #Astronauts #JimLovell #JackSwigert #FredHaise #History #Oxygen #Tank #Explosion #Science #Technology #Engineering #Heroes #USA #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video
Great Storytelling! | MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics special presentation: Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell visited the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston on April 27, 2016 to talk about the mission's "successful failure."
Apollo 13 was the seventh manned mission in the American Apollo space program and the third intended to land on the Moon. The craft was launched on April 11, 1970, at 13:13 CST from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, but the lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen tank exploded two days later, crippling the Service Module (SM) upon which the Command Module (CM) depended. Despite great hardship caused by limited power, loss of cabin heat, shortage of potable water, and the critical need to make makeshift repairs to the carbon dioxide removal system, the crew returned safely to Earth on April 17.
The flight passed the far side of the Moon at an altitude of 254 kilometers (137 nautical miles) above the lunar surface, and 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth, a spaceflight record marking the farthest humans have ever traveled from Earth. The mission was commanded by James A. Lovell with John L. "Jack" Swigert as Command Module Pilot and Fred W. Haise as Lunar Module Pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for the original CM pilot Ken Mattingly, who was grounded by the flight surgeon after exposure to German measles.
(Source: Wikipedia)
MIT AeroAstro
http://aeroastro.mit.edu/
Commander: James A. Lovell, Jr.
Command Module Pilot: John L. "Jack" Swigert
Lunar Module Pilot: Fred W. Haise, Jr.
Credit: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Duration: 1 hour
Release Date: May 11, 2016
+AeroAstroMIT
+Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
+AIAA
+NASA's Kennedy Space Center
+NASA Johnson Space Center
#NASA #Space #Apollo #Apollo13 #Moon #Lunar #Astronaut #Astronauts #JimLovell #JackSwigert #FredHaise #History #Oxygen #Tank #Explosion #Science #Technology #Engineering #Heroes #USA #UnitedStates #STEM #Education #HD #Video
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45 years ago, Apollo 13 launched on April 11th, 1970
The phrase “Tough and Competent” was created by NASA Flight Director Gene Kranz and became the rallying cry of NASA and the Mission Control crew after the Apollo 1 disaster.
“Spaceflight will never tolerate carelessness, incapacity, and neglect. Somewhere, somehow, we screwed up. It could have been in design, build, or test. Whatever it was, we should have caught it. We were too gung ho about the schedule and we locked out all of the problems we saw each day in our work. Every element of the program was in trouble and so were we. The simulators were not working, Mission Control was behind in virtually every area, and the flight and test procedures changed daily. Nothing we did had any shelf life. Not one of us stood up and said, ‘Dammit, stop!’ I don’t know what Thompson’s committee will find as the cause, but I know what I find. We are the cause! We were not ready! We did not do our job. We were rolling the dice, hoping that things would come together by launch day, when in our hearts we knew it would take a miracle. We were pushing the schedule and betting that the Cape would slip before we did. From this day forward, Flight Control will be known by two words: 'Tough’ and 'Competent.’ Tough means we are forever accountable for what we do or what we fail to do. We will never again compromise our responsibilities. Every time we walk into Mission Control we will know what we stand for. Competent means we will never take anything for granted. We will never be found short in our knowledge and in our skills. Mission Control will be perfect. When you leave this meeting today you will go to your office and the first thing you will do there is to write 'Tough and Competent’ on your blackboards. It will never be erased. Each day when you enter the room these words will remind you of the price paid by Grissom, White, and Chaffee. These words are the price of admission to the ranks of Mission Control.” - The Kranz Dictum
Gene Kranz served as Flight Director for a number of NASA milestones, including Apollo 11, the “successful failure” of Apollo 13, and the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994. Please be sure to checkout another great video from our friend Mike Dawson and his Assignment Universe project.
Watch “Gene Kranz - Mission Control: Tough & Competent” here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5536WCe_Z_w
#NASA #Penny4NASA #Apollo13 #Space #SpaceExploration
The phrase “Tough and Competent” was created by NASA Flight Director Gene Kranz and became the rallying cry of NASA and the Mission Control crew after the Apollo 1 disaster.
“Spaceflight will never tolerate carelessness, incapacity, and neglect. Somewhere, somehow, we screwed up. It could have been in design, build, or test. Whatever it was, we should have caught it. We were too gung ho about the schedule and we locked out all of the problems we saw each day in our work. Every element of the program was in trouble and so were we. The simulators were not working, Mission Control was behind in virtually every area, and the flight and test procedures changed daily. Nothing we did had any shelf life. Not one of us stood up and said, ‘Dammit, stop!’ I don’t know what Thompson’s committee will find as the cause, but I know what I find. We are the cause! We were not ready! We did not do our job. We were rolling the dice, hoping that things would come together by launch day, when in our hearts we knew it would take a miracle. We were pushing the schedule and betting that the Cape would slip before we did. From this day forward, Flight Control will be known by two words: 'Tough’ and 'Competent.’ Tough means we are forever accountable for what we do or what we fail to do. We will never again compromise our responsibilities. Every time we walk into Mission Control we will know what we stand for. Competent means we will never take anything for granted. We will never be found short in our knowledge and in our skills. Mission Control will be perfect. When you leave this meeting today you will go to your office and the first thing you will do there is to write 'Tough and Competent’ on your blackboards. It will never be erased. Each day when you enter the room these words will remind you of the price paid by Grissom, White, and Chaffee. These words are the price of admission to the ranks of Mission Control.” - The Kranz Dictum
Gene Kranz served as Flight Director for a number of NASA milestones, including Apollo 11, the “successful failure” of Apollo 13, and the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994. Please be sure to checkout another great video from our friend Mike Dawson and his Assignment Universe project.
Watch “Gene Kranz - Mission Control: Tough & Competent” here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5536WCe_Z_w
#NASA #Penny4NASA #Apollo13 #Space #SpaceExploration
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