Upload Files on iOS

Firebase Storage allows developers to quickly and easily upload files to a Google Cloud Storage bucket provided and managed by Firebase.

Create a Reference

To upload a file, first create a Firebase Storage reference to the location in Firebase Storage you want to upload the file to.

You can create a reference by appending child paths to the storage root:

// Create a root reference
FIRStorageReference *storageRef = [storage reference];

// Create a reference to "mountains.jpg"
FIRStorageReference *mountainsRef = [storageRef child:@"mountains.jpg"];

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
FIRStorageReference *mountainImagesRef = [storageRef child:@"images/mountains.jpg"];

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
[mountainsRef.name isEqualToString:mountainImagesRef.name];         // true
[mountainsRef.fullPath isEqualToString:mountainImagesRef.fullPath]; // false
  

// Create a root reference
let storageRef = storage.reference()

// Create a reference to "mountains.jpg"
let mountainsRef = storageRef.child("mountains.jpg")

// Create a reference to 'images/mountains.jpg'
let mountainImagesRef = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg")

// While the file names are the same, the references point to different files
mountainsRef.name == mountainImagesRef.name;            // true
mountainsRef.fullPath == mountainImagesRef.fullPath;    // false
    

You cannot upload data with a reference to the root of your Google Cloud Storage bucket. Your reference must point to a child URL.

Upload Files

Once you have a reference, you can upload files to Firebase Storage in two ways:

1. Upload from data in memory
2. Upload from a URL representing a file on device

Upload from data in memory

The putData:metadata:completion: method is the simplest way to upload a file to Firebase Storage. putData:metadata:completion: takes an NSData object and returns an FIRStorageUploadTask, which you can use to manage your upload and monitor its status.

// Data in memory
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"rivers.jpg"];

// Create a reference to the file you want to upload
FIRStorageReference *riversRef = [storageRef child:@"images/rivers.jpg"];

// Upload the file to the path "images/rivers.jpg"
FIRStorageUploadTask *uploadTask = [riversRef putData:data
                                             metadata:nil
                                           completion:^(FIRStorageMetadata *metadata,
                                                        NSError *error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, and download URL.
    NSURL *downloadURL = metadata.downloadURL;
  }
}];
  

// Data in memory
let data = Data()

// Create a reference to the file you want to upload
let riversRef = storageRef.child("images/rivers.jpg")

// Upload the file to the path "images/rivers.jpg"
let uploadTask = riversRef.put(data, metadata: nil) { (metadata, error) in
  guard let metadata = metadata else {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
    return
  }
  // Metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, and download URL.
  let downloadURL = metadata.downloadURL
}
    

Upload from a local file

You can upload local files on the devices, such as photos and videos from the camera, with the putFile:metadata:completion: method. putFile:metadata:completion: takes an NSURL and returns an FIRStorageUploadTask, which you can use to manage your upload and monitor its status.

// File located on disk
NSURL *localFile = [NSURL URLWithString:@"path/to/image"];

// Create a reference to the file you want to upload
FIRStorageReference *riversRef = [storageRef child:@"images/rivers.jpg"];

// Upload the file to the path "images/rivers.jpg"
FIRStorageUploadTask *uploadTask = [riversRef putFile:localFile metadata:nil completion:^(FIRStorageMetadata *metadata, NSError *error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, and download URL.
    NSURL *downloadURL = metadata.downloadURL;
  }
}];
  

// File located on disk
let localFile = URL(string: "path/to/image")!

// Create a reference to the file you want to upload
let riversRef = storageRef.child("images/rivers.jpg")

// Upload the file to the path "images/rivers.jpg"
let uploadTask = riversRef.putFile(localFile, metadata: nil) { metadata, error in
  if let error = error {
    // Uh-oh, an error occurred!
  } else {
    // Metadata contains file metadata such as size, content-type, and download URL.
    let downloadURL = metadata!.downloadURL()
  }
}
    

If you want to actively manage your upload, you can use the putData: or putFile: methods and observe the upload task, rather than using the completion handler. See Manage Uploads for more information.

Add File Metadata

You can also include metadata when you upload files. This metadata contains typical file metadata properties such as name, size, and contentType (commonly referred to as MIME type). The putFile: method automatically infers the content type from the NSURL filename extension, but you can override the auto-detected type by specifying contentType in the metadata. If you do not provide a contentType and Firebase Storage cannot infer a default from the file extension, Firebase Storage uses application/octet-stream. See the Use File Metadata section for more information about file metadata.

// Create storage reference
FIRStorageReference *mountainsRef = [storageRef child:@"images/mountains.jpg"];

// Create file metadata including the content type
FIRStorageMetadata *metadata = [[FIRStorageMetadata alloc] init];
metadata.contentType = @"image/jpeg";

// Upload data and metadata
FIRStorageUploadTask *uploadTask = [mountainsRef putData:data metadata:metadata];

// Upload file and metadata
uploadTask = [mountainsRef putFile:localFile metadata:metadata];
  

// Create storage reference
let mountainsRef = storageRef.child("images/mountains.jpg")

// Create file metadata including the content type
let metadata = FIRStorageMetadata()
metadata.contentType = "image/jpeg"

// Upload data and metadata
mountainsRef.put(data, metadata: metadata)

// Upload file and metadata
mountainsRef.putFile(localFile, metadata: metadata)
    

Manage Uploads

In addition to starting uploads, you can pause, resume, and cancel uploads using the pause, resume, and cancel methods. These methods raise pause, resume, and cancel events. Canceling an upload causes the upload to fail with an error indicating that the upload was canceled.

// Start uploading a file
FIRStorageUploadTask *uploadTask = [storageRef putFile:localFile];

// Pause the upload
[uploadTask pause];

// Resume the upload
[uploadTask resume];

// Cancel the upload
[uploadTask cancel];
  

// Start uploading a file
let uploadTask = storageRef.putFile(localFile)

// Pause the upload
uploadTask.pause()

// Resume the upload
uploadTask.resume()

// Cancel the upload
uploadTask.cancel()
    

Monitor Upload Progress

You can attach observers to FIRStorageUploadTasks in order to monitor the progress of the upload. Adding an observer returns a FIRStorageHandle that can be used to remove the observer.

// Add a progress observer to an upload task
FIRStorageHandle observer = [uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress
                                              handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
                                                // A progress event occurred
                                              }];
  

// Add a progress observer to an upload task
let observer = uploadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
  // A progress event occured
}
    

These observers can be added to an FIRStorageTaskStatus event:

When an event occurs, an FIRStorageTaskSnapshot object is passed back. This snapshot is an immutable view of the task, at the time the event occurred. This object contains the following properties:

You can also remove observers, either individually, by status, or by removing all of them.

// Create a task listener handle
FIRStorageHandle observer = [uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress
                                              handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
                                                // A progress event occurred
                                              }];

// Remove an individual observer
[uploadTask removeObserverWithHandle:observer];

// Remove all observers of a particular status
[uploadTask removeAllObserversForStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress];

// Remove all observers
[uploadTask removeAllObservers];
  

// Create a task listener handle
let observer = uploadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
  // A progress event occurred
}

// Remove an individual observer
uploadTask.removeObserver(withHandle: observer)

// Remove all observers of a particular status
uploadTask.removeAllObservers(for: .progress)

// Remove all observers
uploadTask.removeAllObservers()
    

To prevent memory leaks, all observers are removed after an FIRStorageTaskStatusSuccess or FIRStorageTaskStatusFailure occurs.

Error Handling

There are a number of reasons why errors may occur on upload, including the local file not existing, or the user not having permission to upload the desired file. You can find more information about errors in the Handle Errors section of the docs.

Full Example

A full example of an upload with progress monitoring and error handling is shown below:

// Local file you want to upload
NSURL *localFile = [NSURL URLWithString:@"path/to/image"];

// Create the file metadata
FIRStorageMetadata *metadata = [[FIRStorageMetadata alloc] init];
metadata.contentType = @"image/jpeg";

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
FIRStorageUploadTask *uploadTask = [storageRef putFile:localFile metadata:metadata];

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
[uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusResume handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Upload resumed, also fires when the upload starts
}];

[uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusPause handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Upload paused
}];

[uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusProgress handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Upload reported progress
  double percentComplete = 100.0 * (snapshot.progress.completedUnitCount) / (snapshot.progress.totalUnitCount);
}];

[uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusSuccess handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  // Upload completed successfully
}];

// Errors only occur in the "Failure" case
[uploadTask observeStatus:FIRStorageTaskStatusFailure handler:^(FIRStorageTaskSnapshot *snapshot) {
  if (snapshot.error != nil) {
    switch (snapshot.error.code) {
      case FIRStorageErrorCodeObjectNotFound:
        // File doesn't exist
        break;

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeUnauthorized:
        // User doesn't have permission to access file
        break;

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeCancelled:
        // User canceled the upload
        break;

      /* ... */

      case FIRStorageErrorCodeUnknown:
        // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
        break;
    }
  }
}];
  

// Local file you want to upload
let localFile = URL(string: "path/to/image")!

// Create the file metadata
let metadata = FIRStorageMetadata()
metadata.contentType = "image/jpeg"

// Upload file and metadata to the object 'images/mountains.jpg'
let uploadTask = storageRef.putFile(localFile, metadata: metadata)

// Listen for state changes, errors, and completion of the upload.
uploadTask.observe(.resume) { snapshot in
  // Upload resumed, also fires when the upload starts
}

uploadTask.observe(.pause) { snapshot in
  // Upload paused
}

uploadTask.observe(.progress) { snapshot in
  // Upload reported progress
  let percentComplete = 100.0 * Double(snapshot.progress!.completedUnitCount)
    / Double(snapshot.progress!.totalUnitCount)
}

uploadTask.observe(.success) { snapshot in
  // Upload completed successfully
}

uploadTask.observe(.failure) { snapshot in
  if let error = snapshot.error as? NSError {
    switch (FIRStorageErrorCode(rawValue: error.code)!) {
    case .objectNotFound:
      // File doesn't exist
      break
    case .unauthorized:
      // User doesn't have permission to access file
      break
    case .cancelled:
      // User canceled the upload
      break

    /* ... */

    case .unknown:
      // Unknown error occurred, inspect the server response
      break
    default:
      // A separate error occurred. This is a good place to retry the upload.
      break
    }
  }
}
    

Now that you've uploaded files, let's learn how to download them from Firebase Storage.