bog

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See also: Bog, BOG, bóg, Bóg, bög, bőg, bog-, and Appendix:Variations of "bog"

Contents

English[edit]

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Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach ‎(“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog ‎(“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos ‎(“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair ‎(“bulrush, bogrush”).[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse ‎(“outhouse, privy”),[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,[5] still used in Australian English.[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.[6][7]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (Originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
  2. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
    • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, p. 30:
      ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
    • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, Vol. I:
      Last day my mind was in a bog.
    • 1841, Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge, Ch. lxxii, p. 358:
      He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
  3. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
    • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:
      Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
  4. (vulgar Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    • 1665, Richard Head & al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, Vol. I:
      Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
    • a. 1789, in 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, p. 181:
      ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
    • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, p. 79:
      Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
    • 1959, William Golding, Free Fall, Ch. i, p. 23:
      Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
  5. (Australia and New Zealand slang) An act or instance of defecation.
  6. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
Alternative forms[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Hyponyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from bog
See also[edit]
Translations[edit]
coarse slang for toilet — see shitter

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland, especially:
    • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, Vol. IV, p. 132:
      To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
    1. (figuratively) to prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
  2. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland, especially:
    • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, p. 120:
      Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
    1. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
  3. (intransitive, Originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To shit, to void one's bowels.
  4. (transitive, Originally vulgar Britain, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with shit, to defile with excrement.
  5. (transitive, Britain, informal) To make a mess of something.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from bog
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See bug[8]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Of uncertain etymology,[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective[edit]

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

  1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
    • 1592, William Warner, Albions England, Vol. VII, Ch. xxxvii, p. 167:
      The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
    • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, p. 90:
      Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.
Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
    • 1839, Charles Clark, "John Noakes and Mary Styles", l. 3:
      Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
    • 1546 in 1852, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, Vol. XI, p. 163:
      If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
    • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
      A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4[edit]

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb[edit]

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (euphemistic, slang, Britain, usually with "off") To go away.
Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
  4. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
  6. ^ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
  7. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
  8. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
  9. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse bók ‎(“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos ‎(“beech”).

Noun[edit]

bog c ( singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

  1. book
Derived terms[edit]
Inflection[edit]
Declension of bog
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bøger bøgerne
genitive bogs bogens bøgers bøgernes

Etymology 2[edit]

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

Noun[edit]

bog c ( singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

  1. beech mast
Inflection[edit]
Declension of bog
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bog bogene
genitive bogs bogens bogs bogenes
Related terms[edit]

External links[edit]

French[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m (plural bogs)

  1. (ecology) An ombrotrophic peatland.

Antonyms[edit]

External links[edit]

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

bog

  1. past tense of biegen

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka ‎(“tuber, boil, unevenness”), along with Estonian pung.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog (plural bogok)

  1. knot

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bog bogok
accusative bogot bogokat
dative bognak bogoknak
instrumental boggal bogokkal
causal-final bogért bogokért
translative boggá bogokká
terminative bogig bogokig
essive-formal bogként bogokként
essive-modal — —
inessive bogban bogokban
superessive bogon bogokon
adessive bognál bogoknál
illative bogba bogokba
sublative bogra bogokra
allative boghoz bogokhoz
elative bogból bogokból
delative bogról bogokról
ablative bogtól bogoktól
Possessive forms of bog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bogom bogaim
2nd person sing. bogod bogaid
3rd person sing. boga bogai
1st person plural bogunk bogaink
2nd person plural bogotok bogaitok
3rd person plural boguk bogaik

Derived terms[edit]

(Compound words):

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish boc ‎(“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid ‎(“softens, makes soft; moves; shakes”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

  1. soft; yielding; tender; (of physical condition) flabby; (of disposition) indulgent, lenient, soft, foolish; (of living, conduct, etc.) easy; (of sound, voice) soft, mellow; (of weather) soft, wet; (of winter) mild, humid
  2. loose
  3. lukewarm

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative bog bhog boga;
bhoga²
Vocative bhoig boga
Genitive boige boga bog
Dative bog;
bhog¹		 bhog;
bhoig (archaic)		 boga;
bhoga²
Comparative níos boige
Superlative is boige

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from bog

Noun[edit]

bog m (genitive singular boig)

  1. soft
  2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative bog
Vocative a bhoig
Genitive boig
Dative bog

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an bog
Genitive an bhoig
Dative leis an mbog

don bhog

Synonyms[edit]

Verb[edit]

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
  2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

Conjugation[edit]

First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present bogaim bogann tú;
bogair†		 bogann sé, sí bogaimid bogann sibh bogann siad;
bogaid†		 a bhogann; a bhogas /
a mbogann*; a mbogas*		 bogtar
past bhog mé; bhogas bhog tú; bhogais bhog sé, sí bhogamar; bhog muid bhog sibh; bhogabhair bhog siad; bhogadar a bhog /
ar bhog*		 bogadh
past habitual bhogainn bhogtá bhogadh sé, sí bhogaimis; bhogadh muid bhogadh sibh bhogaidís; bhogadh siad a bhogadh /
ar bhogadh*		 bhogtaí
future bogfaidh mé;
bogfad		 bogfaidh tú;
bogfair†		 bogfaidh sé, sí bogfaimid;
bogfaidh muid		 bogfaidh sibh bogfaidh siad;
bogfaid†		 a bhogfaidh; a bhogfas /
a mbogfaidh*; a mbogfas*		 bogfar
conditional bhogfainn bhogfá bhogfadh sé, sí bhogfaimis; bhogfadh muid bhogfadh sibh bhogfaidís; bhogfadh siad a bhogfadh /
ar bhogfadh*		 bhogfaí
subjunctive present go mboga mé;
go mbogad†		 go mboga tú;
go mbogair†		 go mboga sé, sí go mbogaimid;
go mboga muid		 go mboga sibh go mboga siad;
go mbogaid†		 — go mbogtar
past dá mbogainn dá mbogtá dá mbogadh sé, sí dá mbogaimis;
dá mbogadh muid		 dá mbogadh sibh dá mbogaidís;
dá mbogadh siad		 — dá mbogtaí
imperative bogaim bog bogadh sé, sí bogaimis bogaigí;
bogaidh†		 bogaidís — bogtar
verbal noun bogadh
past participle bogtha

* Indirect relative
† Dialect form

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bog bhog mbog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  • "bog" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “1 boc” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “bocaid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Lojban[edit]

Rafsi[edit]

bog (or alternate rafsi bo'u )

  1. rafsi of bongu ‎(“bone”).

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m (feminine equivalent bogowka)

  1. god

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bog boga bogi
Genitive boga bogowu bogow
Dative bogoju bogoma bogam
Accusative boga bogowu bogi, bogow
Instrumental bogom bogoma bogami
Locative bogu bogoma bogach

Derived terms[edit]

  • bóžy ‎(“godly, divine”)

Molise Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m

  1. god

Declension[edit]

    declension of bog
singular plural
nominative bog boga
genitive boga bogi, bog
dative bogu bogi, bogami
accusative bog, boga boga
locative bogu boga
instrumental bogom, bogam bogi, bogami

References[edit]

  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).

Norwegian[edit]

Noun[edit]

bog m

  1. shoulder (of an animal)

Inflection[edit]

    Inflection of bog
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Bokmål m bog bogen boger bogene
Nynorsk m bog bogen bogar bogane

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Dutch boeg ‎(“shoulders, chest of a horse”), Old High German buog (German Bug ‎(“horse’s hock, ship’s prow”)), Old Norse bógr (Icelandic bógur, Swedish bog ‎(“shoulder”)).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bōg n (nominative plural bōg)

  1. the arm or shoulder
  2. a branch or bough of a tree

Descendants[edit]

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish boc ‎(“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

bog (comparative buige)

  1. soft
  2. wet, damp, moist

Declension[edit]

Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative bog bhog boga
Vocative bhuig bhog boga
Genitive bhuig bhuig/buige boga
Dative bhog bhuig boga

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from bog

Mutation[edit]

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
bog bhog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  • Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, ISBN 0 901771 92 9
  • “1 boc” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bȏg m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)

  1. god, deity
  2. (colloquial) idol, god

Declension[edit]

Declension of bog
singular plural
nominative bȏg bògovi
genitive bȍga bògōvā
dative bȍgu bògovima
accusative bȍga bògove
vocative bȍže bògovima
locative bȍgu bògovima
instrumental bȍgom bògovima

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

bóg m anim (genitive bogá, nominative plural bogôvi)

  1. god

Declension[edit]

Declension of bóg (masculine anim., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-)
singular dual plural
nominative bóg bogôva bogôvi
accusative bogá bogôva bogôve
genitive bogá bogôv bogôv
dative bógu bogôvoma bogôvom
locative bógu bogôvih bogôvih
instrumental bógom bogôvoma bogôvi
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