Struthionidae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Struthionids Temporal range: Miocene-Holocene 23–0 Ma Possible Paleogene taxa. |
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| Ostrich (Struthio camelus), male and female | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Struthioniformes Latham, 1790 |
| Family: | Struthionidae Vigors, 1825[1] |
| Type species | |
| Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 |
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| Genera | |
| Synonyms | |
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Struthionidae is a family of flightless ratite birds which first appeared during the Miocene epoch, though various Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene ratites may belong to this group.[2][3] Traditionally the order Struthioniformes contained the world's ratites, but recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophletyic, as it paraphyletic in respect to the tinamous.[4][5]
Taxonomy[edit]
Order Struthioniformes Latham 1790 [Struthiones; Struthioni][6][7][8][9] (ostriches)
- Family Struthionidae Vigors 1825 [Struthioninae 1840 emend. Bonaparte 1849; †Struthiolithidae Vjalov 1971; †Palaeotididae Houde & Haubold 1987]
- Genus ?†Palaeotis Lambrecht 1928
- †P. weigelti Lambrecht 1928 [Palaeogrus geiseltalensis Lambrecht 1935; Ornitocnemus geiseltalensis (Lambrecht 1935) Brodkorb 1967] (middle Eocene)
- Genus ?†Remiornis Lemoine, 1881
- †Remiornis heberti Lemoine, 1881
- Genus ?†Eremopezus Andrews, 1904
- †Eremopezus eocaenus Andrews, 1904
- Genus †Orientornis Wang 2008
- †O. linxiaensis (Hou et al. 2005) Wang 2008 [Struthio linxiaensis Hou et al. 2005]
- Genus Struthio Linnaeus 1758 [†Palaeostruthio Burchak-Abramovich 1953; †Struthiolithus Brandt 1873; Struthio (Pachystruthio) Kretzoi 1954a; Megaloscelornis Lydekker 1879; Autruchon Temminick 1840 fide Gray 1841 nomen nudum] (Early Miocene – Recent)
- ?†S. anderssoni Lowe 1931 [ootaxa]
- ?†S. barbarus Arambourg 1979
- ?†S. daberasensis Pickford, Senut & Dauphin 1995
- ?†S. epoasticus Bonaparte
- ?†S. kakesiensis Harrison & Msuya 2005 [ootaxa]
- ?†S. karingarabensis Senut, Dauphin & Pickford 1998 [ootaxa]
- †S. chersonensis Brandt 1873 [Struthiolithus chersonensis Brandt 1873 [ootaxa]; Struthio novorossicus Alekseev 1916; Struthio brachydactylus Burchak-Abramovich 1949 (Short-toed ostrich); Palaeostruthio sternatus Burchak-Abramovich 1953; Struthio pannonicus Kretzoi 1954a; Struthiolithus alexejevi Roščin, 1962 [ootaxa]; Struthiolithus adzalycensis Roščin, 1962 [ootaxa]; Struthio orlovi Kuročkin & Lungo 1970; Struthio karatheodoris Forsyth Major 1888]
- †S. asiaticus Brodkorb 1863 [Struthio indicus (Bidwell 1910); Struthio palaeindica Falconer 1868 nomen nudum; Megaloscelornis sivalensis Lydekker 1879] (Asian ostrich)
- †S. coppensi Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1996
- †S. dmanisensis Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1990 (giant ostrich)
- †S. mongolicus [ootaxa] (Inner Mongolia)
- †S. oldawayi Lowe 1933
- †S. transcaucasicus Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1971
- †S. wimani Lowe 1931
- S. molybdophanes Reichenow 1883 [Struthio camelus molybdophanes Reichenow 1883] (Somali ostrich)
- S. camelus Linnaeus 1758 [Avis struthio; ?†Struthio bidactylus (Gray 1847); Autruchon bidactylus Temminick 1840 fide Gray 1841 nomen nudum; Charadrius bidactylus Gray 1847 (Levaillant's/didactyle dwarf ostrich)]
- S. c. australis (Gurney 1868) [Struthio australis Gurney 1868; Struthio camelus meridionalis] (South African ostrich)
- †S. c. syriacus Rothschild 1919 (Arabian ostrich)
- S. c. camelus Linnaeus 1758 [Struthio camelus rothschildi Grant & Mackworth-Praed 1951] (North African ostrich)
- S. c. massaicus (Neumann 1898) [Struthio massaicus Neumann 1898] (Masai Ostrich)
- Genus ?†Palaeotis Lambrecht 1928
References[edit]
- ^ Brands, Sheila (14 Aug 2008). "Taxon: Genus Struthio". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 12 Jun 2012.
- ^ Buffetaut, E.; Angst, D. (November 2014). "Stratigraphic distribution of large flightless birds in the Palaeogene of Europe and its palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications". Earth-Science Reviews. 138: 394–408. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.001.
- ^ Agnolin et al, Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: palaeobiogeographical implications Article in Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · July 2016 DOI: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898
- ^ Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320, 1763.
- ^ Yuri, T. (2013) Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals. Biology, 2:419–44.
- ^ Mikko's Phylogeny Archive [1] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Paleognathia - paleognathous modern birds". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Paleofile.com (net, info) [2]. "Taxonomic lists- Aves". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ English Names of Birds [3] Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180-293. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
