Blood in stool
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This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (April 2017) |
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| Blood in stool | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology |
| ICD-9-CM | 578.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 19317 |
| MedlinePlus | 003130 |
When referring to human feces, blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract — and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to — and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The term "blood in stool" is usually only used to describe visible blood and not fecal occult blood, which is found only after chemical testing.
In infants, the Apt test can be used to distinguish fetal hemoglobin from maternal blood.
List of causes[edit]
Common causes of blood in the stool include:
- Anal fissure
- Colorectal cancer[1][2][3][4][5]
- Crohns disease[6]
- Ulcerative colitis[7][8][9]
- Internal hemorrhoids[10][11]
- Inflammatory enteritis - inflammation of the small intestine, which may be caused by various forms of food poisoning as well as by other conditions:[12]
- E. coli enteritis, the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea[13]
- Campylobacter enteritis[14]
- Shigellosis[15]
- Salmonellosis (salmonella enteritis/samonella enterocolitis)[16][17]
- Bacterial gastroenteritis[18]
- Staphylococcus aureus[12]
- Radiation enteritis[19]
- Diverticulosis[20]
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding[21]
- Peptic ulcer disease[22]
- Esophageal varices[23]
- Gastric cancer[24]
- constipation
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Colon cancer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Lenz, Heinz-Josef (2009-03-06). "What are Early Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer? Watch out for Small Changes". Alexandria, Virginia, United States: Fight Colorectal Cancer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
- ^ "Colon Cancer Symptoms - Colorectal Cancer Symptoms". Webmd.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Crohn's disease: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Travis SP, Higgins PD, Orchard T, Van Der Woude CJ, Panaccione R, Bitton A, O'Morain C, Panés J, Sturm A, Reinisch W, Kamm MA, D'Haens G (Jul 2011). "Review article: defining remission in ulcerative colitis". Aliment Pharmacol Ther (Review). 34 (2): 113–24. PMID 21615435. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04701.x.
- ^ Walmsley, R S; Ayres, R C S; Pounder, R E; Allan, R N (1998). "A simple clinical colitis activity index". Gut. 43 (1): 29–32. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gut.43.1.29.
- ^ Walmsley, R S; Ayres, R C S; Pounder, R E; Allan, R N (1998). "A simple clinical colitis activity index : Table One". Gut. 43 (1): 29–32. ISSN 0017-5749. doi:10.1136/gut.43.1.29. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
- ^ Hemorrhoids, National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
- ^ Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Mayo Clinic.
- ^ a b MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Enteritis
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia E. coli enteritis
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Campylobacter infection
- ^ Shigellosis, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Salmonella enterocolitis
- ^ "Salmonella infection: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Bacterial gastroenteritis
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Radiation enteritis
- ^ "Diverticulitis: Diverticular Disease: Merck Manual Home Edition". Merckmanuals.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at eMedicine
- ^ "Peptic ulcer: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2011-01-06. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ Gastric Cancer at eMedicine
