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Title:
Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk
Authors:
Luhman, K. L.; Adame, Lucía; D'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, Lee; Megeath, S. T.; Fazio, G. G.
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 ), AB(Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-264, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, CP 04510, México ), AC(Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, UNAM, Apartado Postal 72-3 (Xangari), Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58089, México ), AD(Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, 830 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ), AE(Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, 830 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ), AF(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 ), AG(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 635, Issue 1, pp. L93-L96. (ApJL Homepage)
Publication Date:
12/2005
Origin:
UCP
Astronomy Keywords:
Accretion, Accretion Disks, Stars: Planetary Systems: Protoplanetary Disks, Stars: Formation, Stars: Low-Mass, Brown Dwarfs, Stars: Pre-Main-Sequence
DOI:
10.1086/498868
Bibliographic Code:
2005ApJ...635L..93L

Abstract

Using the Hubble Space Telescope, the 4 m Blanco Telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have performed deep imaging from 0.8 to 8 mum of the southern subcluster in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. In these data, we have discovered an object, Cha 110913-773444, whose colors and magnitudes are indicative of a very low mass brown dwarf with a circumstellar disk. In a near-infrared spectrum of this source obtained with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph, the presence of strong steam absorption confirms its late-type nature (>~M9.5) while the shapes of the H- and K-band continua and the strengths of the Na I and K I lines demonstrate that it is a young, pre-main-sequence object rather than a field dwarf. A comparison of the bolometric luminosity of Cha 110913-773444 to the luminosities predicted by the evolutionary models of Chabrier & Baraffe and Burrows and coworkers indicates a mass of 8+7-3MJ, placing it fully within the mass range observed for extrasolar planetary companions (M<~15MJ). The spectral energy distribution of this object exhibits mid-infrared excess emission at lambda>5 mum, which we have successfully modeled in terms of an irradiated viscous accretion disk with M˙<~10-12 Msolar yr-1. Cha 110913-773444 is now the least massive brown dwarf observed to have a circumstellar disk, and indeed is one of the least massive free-floating objects found to date. These results demonstrate that the raw materials for planet formation exist around free-floating planetary-mass bodies.
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