Root of Unity
The 
th roots of unity
are roots 
of the
cyclotomic equation
 |
which are known as the de Moivre numbers. The notations 
, 
, and 
, where the value of 
is understood by
context, are variously used to denote the 
th 
th root of unity.
is always an 
th root of unity,
but 
is such a root only if 
is even. In general,
the roots of unity form a regular polygon with
sides, and each vertex lies on the unit
circle.
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cyclotomic factorization
