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Title:
Calibrating the End-Permian Mass Extinction
Authors:
Shen, Shu-zhong; Crowley, James L.; Wang, Yue; Bowring, Samuel A.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Sadler, Peter M.; Cao, Chang-qun; Rothman, Daniel H.; Henderson, Charles M.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Zhang, Hua; Shen, Yanan; Wang, Xiang-dong; Wang, Wei; Mu, Lin; Li, Wen-zhong; Tang, Yue-gang; Liu, Xiao-lei; Liu, Lu-jun; Zeng, Yong; Jiang, Yao-fa; Jin, Yu-gan
Affiliation:
AA(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AB(Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA.; Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA), AC(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AD(Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA), AE(Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013--7012, USA.; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87591, USA), AF(Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA), AG(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AH(Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA.; Lorenz Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA), AI(Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4), AJ(Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02130, USA), AK(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AL(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China), AM(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AN(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AO(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AP(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia), AQ(Department of Geology, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing Campus, D-11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China), AR(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.; University of Bremen, Leobener Street, Marum, Room 2520, 28359 Bremen, Germany), AS(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China), AT(School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China), AU(Jiangsu Geological Survey of Architectural Institute, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China), AV(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China)
Publication:
Science, Volume 334, Issue 6061, pp. 1367- (2011). (Sci Homepage)
Publication Date:
12/2011
Category:
GEOCHEM PHYS
Origin:
SCIENCE
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2011: Science
DOI:
10.1126/science.1213454
Bibliographic Code:
2011Sci...334.1367S

Abstract

The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth history. To better constrain the timing, and ultimately the causes of this event, we collected a suite of geochronologic, isotopic, and biostratigraphic data on several well-preserved sedimentary sections in South China. High-precision U-Pb dating reveals that the extinction peak occurred just before 252.28 ± 0.08 million years ago, after a decline of 2 per mil (0/00) in delta13C over 90,000 years, and coincided with a delta13C excursion of -50/00 that is estimated to have lasted <=20,000 years. The extinction interval was less than 200,000 years and synchronous in marine and terrestrial realms; associated charcoal-rich and soot-bearing layers indicate widespread wildfires on land. A massive release of thermogenic carbon dioxide and/or methane may have caused the catastrophic extinction.
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