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Title:
The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome1
Authors:
Gregory, S. G.; Barlow, K. F.; McLay, K. E.; Kaul, R.; Swarbreck, D.; Dunham, A.; Scott, C. E.; Howe, K. L.; Woodfine, K.; Spencer, C. C. A.; Jones, M. C.; Gillson, C.; Searle, S.; Zhou, Y.; Kokocinski, F.; McDonald, L.; Evans, R.; Phillips, K.; Atkinson, A.; Cooper, R.; Jones, C.; Hall, R. E.; Andrews, T. D.; Lloyd, C.; Ainscough, R.; Almeida, J. P.; Ambrose, K. D.; Anderson, F.; Andrew, R. W.; Ashwell, R. I. S.; Aubin, K.; Babbage, A. K.; Bagguley, C. L.; Bailey, J.; Beasley, H.; Bethel, G.; Bird, C. P.; Bray-Allen, S.; Brown, J. Y.; Brown, A. J.; Buckley, D.; Burton, J.; Bye, J.; Carder, C.; Chapman, J. C.; Clark, S. Y.; Clarke, G.; Clee, C.; Cobley, V.; Collier, R. E.; Corby, N.; Coville, G. J.; Davies, J.; Deadman, R.; Dunn, M.; Earthrowl, M.; Ellington, A. G.; Errington, H.; Frankish, A.; Frankland, J.; French, L.; Garner, P.; Garnett, J.; Gay, L.; Ghori, M. R. J.; Gibson, R.; Gilby, L. M.; Gillett, W.; Glithero, R. J.; Grafham, D. V.; Griffiths, C.; Griffiths-Jones, S.; Grocock, R.; Hammond, S.; Harrison, E. S. I.; Hart, E.; Haugen, E.; Heath, P. D.; Holmes, S.; Holt, K.; Howden, P. J.; Hunt, A. R.; Hunt, S. E.; Hunter, G.; Isherwood, J.; James, R.; Johnson, C.; Johnson, D.; Joy, A.; Kay, M.; Kershaw, J. K.; Kibukawa, M.; Kimberley, A. M.; King, A.; Knights, A. J.; Lad, H.; Laird, G.; Lawlor, S.; Leongamornlert, D. A.; Lloyd, D. M.; Loveland, J.; Lovell, J.; Lush, M. J.; Lyne, R.; Martin, S.; Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M.; Matthews, L.; Matthews, N. S. W.; McLaren, S.; Milne, S.; Mistry, S.; M Oore, M. J. F.; Nickerson, T.; O'Dell, C. N.; Oliver, K.; Palmeiri, A.; Palmer, S. A.; Parker, A.; Patel, D.; Pearce, A. V.; Peck, A. I.; Pelan, S.; Phelps, K.; Phillimore, B. J.; Plumb, R.; Rajan, J.; Raymond, C.; Rouse, G.; Saenphimmachak, C.; Sehra, H. K.; Sheridan, E.; Shownkeen, R.; Sims, S.; Skuce, C. D.; Smith, M.; Steward, C.; Subramanian, S.; Sycamore, N.; Tracey, A.; Tromans, A.; van Helmond, Z.; Wall, M.; Wallis, J. M.; White, S.; Whitehead, S. L.; Wilkinson, J. E.; Willey, D. L.; Williams, H.; Wilming, L.; Wray, P. W.; Wu, Z.; Coulson, A.; Vaudin, M.; Sulston, J. E.; Durbin, R.; Hubbard, T.; Wooster, R.; Dunham, I.; Carter, N. P.; McVean, G.; Ross, M. T.; Harrow, J.; Olson, M. V.; Beck, S.; Rogers, J.; Bentley, D. R.
Affiliation:
AA(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AB(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AC(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AD(Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA), AE(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AF(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AG(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AH(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AI(King's College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK), AJ(Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK), AK(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AL(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AM(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AN(Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA), AO(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AP(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AQ(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK), AR(The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, 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Publication:
Nature, Volume 441, Issue 7091, pp. 315-321 (2006). (Nature Homepage)
Publication Date:
05/2006
Origin:
NATURE
Abstract Copyright:
(c) 2006: Nature
DOI:
10.1038/nature04727
Bibliographic Code:
2006Natur.441..315G

Abstract

The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome1. Chromosome1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.
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