Portal:New Jersey

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New Jersey Listeni/njuːˈdʒɜːrzi/ (sometimes referred to as Jersey) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania. Parts of New Jersey lie within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York and Philadelphia.

Inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, the first European settlements in the area were established by the Swedes and Dutch in the early 1600s. The English later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey, which was granted to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton as a colony. The name was taken from the largest of the English Channel Islands, Jersey. New Jersey was an important site during the American Revolutionary War; several decisive battles were fought there. The winter quarters of the revolutionary army were established twice by George Washington in Morristown, which was called the military capital of the American Revolution. Cities such as Paterson and Trenton later helped drive the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century. New Jersey's position at the center of the Northeast megalopolis, between Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C., fueled its rapid growth through the suburban boom of the 1950s and beyond.

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Route 495 is a 3.45-mile (5.55 km) freeway in Hudson County, New Jersey in the United States that connects the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) at exits 16E and 17 in Secaucus to the Lincoln Tunnel in Weehawken, providing access to midtown Manhattan. The road is owned and operated by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority between the New Jersey Turnpike and Route 3, the New Jersey Department of Transportation between Route 3 and Park Avenue near the Union City/Weehawken border, and by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey east of Park Avenue, including the helix used to descend the New Jersey Palisades to reach the entrance of the Lincoln Tunnel. Route 495 is mostly a six-lane freeway with a contraflow bus lane used during the morning rush hour and a speed limit ranging from 35 mph (56 km/h) to 50 mph (80 km/h).

The first portion of the present-day Route 495, at the entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel, was constructed in 1937 when the Lincoln Tunnel opened. In 1939, it was extended west to Route 3 and it became an eastern extension of that route. In 1952, the portion of the route west of Route 3 was opened when the New Jersey Turnpike was completed. In 1958, the road was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and was designated as part of Interstate 495. Since the Mid-Manhattan Expressway that would have connected the route to New York's Interstate 495 (Long Island Expressway) was canceled, Interstate 495 officially became New Jersey Route 495 in 1979 with signs being changed in 1989.

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Morris "Moe" Berg (March 2, 1902 – May 29, 1972) was an American catcher and coach in Major League Baseball who later served as a spy for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. Although he played 15 seasons in the major leagues, almost entirely for four American League teams, Berg was never more than an average player, usually used as a backup catcher, and was better known for being "the brainiest guy in baseball" than for anything he accomplished in the game. Casey Stengel once described Berg as "the strangest man ever to play baseball".

A graduate of Princeton University and Columbia Law School, Berg spoke several languages and regularly read 10 newspapers a day. His reputation was fueled by his successful appearances as a contestant on the radio quiz show Information, Please! in which he answered questions about the derivation of words and names from Greek and Latin, historical events in Europe and the Far East, and ongoing international conferences.

As a spy working for the government of the United States, Berg traveled to Yugoslavia to gather intelligence on resistance groups the U.S. government was considering supporting. He was then sent on a mission to Italy, where he interviewed various physicists concerning the German nuclear program. After the war, Berg was occasionally employed by the OSS's successor, the Central Intelligence Agency, but, by the mid-1950s, was unemployed. He spent the last two decades of his life without work, living with various siblings.

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