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Mars: Close Approach to Earth in 2018 | NASA
Mars & Earth come close every 26 months. Between July 27-31 Mars will be at its brightest in the night sky and it will be closest to Earth on early July 31. That is the point in Mars' orbit when it comes closest to Earth. Mars will be at a distance of 35.8 million miles (57.6 million kilometers). Mars reaches its highest point around midnight—about 35 degrees above the southern horizon, or one third of the distance between the horizon and overhead. Mars will be visible for much of the night. By mid-August, Mars will become fainter as Mars and Earth travel farther away from each other in their orbits around the Sun.
Throw a star party, simply go outside and look up, contact your local planetarium, or look for a star party near you.
What is Mars Close Approach?
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that does not happen very often.
If Earth and Mars had perfectly circular orbits, their minimum distance would always be the same. However, they have elliptical (egg-shaped) paths.
In addition, gravitational tugging by planets constantly changes the shape of their orbits a little bit. Giant Jupiter especially influences the orbit of Mars.
The orbits of Mars and Earth are also slightly tilted with respect to each other.
All of these factors mean that not all close encounters are equal. In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won't be that close again until the year 2287.
When Mars and Earth are close to each other, Mars appears very bright in our sky. It also makes it easier to see with telescopes or the naked eye. The Red Planet comes close enough for exceptional viewing only once or twice every 15 or 17 years.
The next Mars close approach is October 6, 2020.
Credit: NASA/JPL
Release Date: July 13, 2018
+NASA
+NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+NASA MAVEN Mission to Mars
+American Astronomical Society
+Royal Astronomical Society
+The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
+National Science Teachers Association
#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Mars #Mars2018 #Planet #RedPlanet #Earth #Sun #Opposition #SolarSystem #Exploration #JourneyToMars #SLS #Rocket #Orion #Insight #Spacecraft #Telescope #Binoculars #Skywatching #Summer #Infographic #STEM #Education
Mars & Earth come close every 26 months. Between July 27-31 Mars will be at its brightest in the night sky and it will be closest to Earth on early July 31. That is the point in Mars' orbit when it comes closest to Earth. Mars will be at a distance of 35.8 million miles (57.6 million kilometers). Mars reaches its highest point around midnight—about 35 degrees above the southern horizon, or one third of the distance between the horizon and overhead. Mars will be visible for much of the night. By mid-August, Mars will become fainter as Mars and Earth travel farther away from each other in their orbits around the Sun.
Throw a star party, simply go outside and look up, contact your local planetarium, or look for a star party near you.
What is Mars Close Approach?
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that does not happen very often.
If Earth and Mars had perfectly circular orbits, their minimum distance would always be the same. However, they have elliptical (egg-shaped) paths.
In addition, gravitational tugging by planets constantly changes the shape of their orbits a little bit. Giant Jupiter especially influences the orbit of Mars.
The orbits of Mars and Earth are also slightly tilted with respect to each other.
All of these factors mean that not all close encounters are equal. In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won't be that close again until the year 2287.
When Mars and Earth are close to each other, Mars appears very bright in our sky. It also makes it easier to see with telescopes or the naked eye. The Red Planet comes close enough for exceptional viewing only once or twice every 15 or 17 years.
The next Mars close approach is October 6, 2020.
Credit: NASA/JPL
Release Date: July 13, 2018
+NASA
+NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+NASA MAVEN Mission to Mars
+American Astronomical Society
+Royal Astronomical Society
+The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
+National Science Teachers Association
#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Mars #Mars2018 #Planet #RedPlanet #Earth #Sun #Opposition #SolarSystem #Exploration #JourneyToMars #SLS #Rocket #Orion #Insight #Spacecraft #Telescope #Binoculars #Skywatching #Summer #Infographic #STEM #Education
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Mars: Close Approach to Earth in 2018 | NASA
Mars & Earth come close every 26 months. Between July 27-31 Mars will be at its brightest in the night sky and it will be closest to Earth on early July 31. That is the point in Mars' orbit when it comes closest to Earth. Mars will be at a distance of 35.8 million miles (57.6 million kilometers). Mars reaches its highest point around midnight—about 35 degrees above the southern horizon, or one third of the distance between the horizon and overhead. Mars will be visible for much of the night. By mid-August, Mars will become fainter as Mars and Earth travel farther away from each other in their orbits around the Sun.
Throw a star party, simply go outside and look up, contact your local planetarium, or look for a star party near you.
What is Mars Close Approach?
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that does not happen very often.
If Earth and Mars had perfectly circular orbits, their minimum distance would always be the same. However, they have elliptical (egg-shaped) paths.
In addition, gravitational tugging by planets constantly changes the shape of their orbits a little bit. Giant Jupiter especially influences the orbit of Mars.
The orbits of Mars and Earth are also slightly tilted with respect to each other.
All of these factors mean that not all close encounters are equal. In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won't be that close again until the year 2287.
When Mars and Earth are close to each other, Mars appears very bright in our sky. It also makes it easier to see with telescopes or the naked eye. The Red Planet comes close enough for exceptional viewing only once or twice every 15 or 17 years.
The next Mars close approach is October 6, 2020.
Credit: NASA/JPL
Release Date: July 13, 2018
+NASA
+NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+NASA MAVEN Mission to Mars
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Canadian Space Agency
+American Astronomical Society
+Royal Astronomical Society
+The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
+The Mars Society
+Explore Mars Nederland
+The Planetary Society
#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Mars #Mars2018 #Planet #RedPlanet #Earth #Sun #Opposition #SolarSystem #Exploration #JourneyToMars #SLS #Rocket #Orion #Insight #Spacecraft #Telescope #Binoculars #Skywatching #Summer #Infographic #STEM #Education
Mars & Earth come close every 26 months. Between July 27-31 Mars will be at its brightest in the night sky and it will be closest to Earth on early July 31. That is the point in Mars' orbit when it comes closest to Earth. Mars will be at a distance of 35.8 million miles (57.6 million kilometers). Mars reaches its highest point around midnight—about 35 degrees above the southern horizon, or one third of the distance between the horizon and overhead. Mars will be visible for much of the night. By mid-August, Mars will become fainter as Mars and Earth travel farther away from each other in their orbits around the Sun.
Throw a star party, simply go outside and look up, contact your local planetarium, or look for a star party near you.
What is Mars Close Approach?
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that does not happen very often.
If Earth and Mars had perfectly circular orbits, their minimum distance would always be the same. However, they have elliptical (egg-shaped) paths.
In addition, gravitational tugging by planets constantly changes the shape of their orbits a little bit. Giant Jupiter especially influences the orbit of Mars.
The orbits of Mars and Earth are also slightly tilted with respect to each other.
All of these factors mean that not all close encounters are equal. In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won't be that close again until the year 2287.
When Mars and Earth are close to each other, Mars appears very bright in our sky. It also makes it easier to see with telescopes or the naked eye. The Red Planet comes close enough for exceptional viewing only once or twice every 15 or 17 years.
The next Mars close approach is October 6, 2020.
Credit: NASA/JPL
Release Date: July 13, 2018
+NASA
+NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+NASA MAVEN Mission to Mars
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Canadian Space Agency
+American Astronomical Society
+Royal Astronomical Society
+The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
+The Mars Society
+Explore Mars Nederland
+The Planetary Society
#NASA #Astronomy #Space #Science #Mars #Mars2018 #Planet #RedPlanet #Earth #Sun #Opposition #SolarSystem #Exploration #JourneyToMars #SLS #Rocket #Orion #Insight #Spacecraft #Telescope #Binoculars #Skywatching #Summer #Infographic #STEM #Education
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NASWatch SpaceRef article Video, JourneyToMars Hearing, 25 July 2018
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The Martian by Andy Weir - TRIPS AND BOOKS
tripsandbooks.com
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NASA's 60th Anniversary (1958-2018)
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
From 2018 through 2022, NASA is marking a series of important milestones—the 60th anniversary of the agency’s founding by Congress in 1958, and the 50th anniversary of the Apollo missions that put a dozen Americans on the Moon between July 1969 and December 1972.
Celebrations already are under way. Some are complete, some are scheduled in the coming months, and some are still being planned.
July 29, 2018 marked 60 years since President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA as a U.S. government agency by signing Public Law 58-568, the National Aeronautics and Space Act. The act consolidated several federal and military research organizations, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, under one agency.
The new agency was given responsibility to plan, direct and conduct U.S. civil aeronautics and space activities and share the results of those activities as widely as practicable. NASA opened for business about two months later, on Oct. 1, 1958—the date NASA observes as its birthday.
NASA kicked off its 60th anniversary Jan. 31 by remembering the 1958 launch of the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. An experiment on the satellite discovered belts of charged particles trapped in space by Earth’s magnetic field, now known as the Van Allen Belts.
The celebrations continued June 1-2 with "Space, the Next Frontier," a tribute to NASA by the National Symphony Orchestra Pops at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington. The center is named for President John F. Kennedy, who had not only a vision for cultural advancement, but also a vision for technological advancement in the form of landing Americans on the Moon. Kennedy’s legacy to the space program is highlighted along with six decades of NASA achievements in an exhibition at the Kennedy Center’s Hall of Nations May 27-June 3.
The public will be invited to celebrate with the agency in September and October. Special activities are being planned at several NASA visitor centers and other locations across the United States. Details will be announced as they become available.
NASA’s celebration of all things Apollo will begin Oct. 11, the 50th anniversary of the launch of Apollo 7, the first of the missions to carry a crew into space. On this day, at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, the U.S. Mint will unveil the design for an Apollo 11 commemorative coin that will go on sale in January 2019.
In December, NASA will join the National Air and Space Museum in recalling the 50th anniversary of the flight of Apollo 8, whose crew of three spent Christmas 1968 in orbit around the Moon.
The focus will turn to Apollo 11 in July 2019. Celebrations are planned in Washington and at NASA centers that were crucial to the success of the Apollo Program. On July 19, NASA TV will broadcast live from the refurbished Apollo Mission Operations Control Room at NASA’s Johnson Space Center and several other locations with Apollo connections coast to coast.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
From 2018 through 2022, NASA is marking a series of important milestones—the 60th anniversary of the agency’s founding by Congress in 1958, and the 50th anniversary of the Apollo missions that put a dozen Americans on the Moon between July 1969 and December 1972.
Celebrations already are under way. Some are complete, some are scheduled in the coming months, and some are still being planned.
July 29, 2018 marked 60 years since President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA as a U.S. government agency by signing Public Law 58-568, the National Aeronautics and Space Act. The act consolidated several federal and military research organizations, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, under one agency.
The new agency was given responsibility to plan, direct and conduct U.S. civil aeronautics and space activities and share the results of those activities as widely as practicable. NASA opened for business about two months later, on Oct. 1, 1958—the date NASA observes as its birthday.
NASA kicked off its 60th anniversary Jan. 31 by remembering the 1958 launch of the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. An experiment on the satellite discovered belts of charged particles trapped in space by Earth’s magnetic field, now known as the Van Allen Belts.
The celebrations continued June 1-2 with "Space, the Next Frontier," a tribute to NASA by the National Symphony Orchestra Pops at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington. The center is named for President John F. Kennedy, who had not only a vision for cultural advancement, but also a vision for technological advancement in the form of landing Americans on the Moon. Kennedy’s legacy to the space program is highlighted along with six decades of NASA achievements in an exhibition at the Kennedy Center’s Hall of Nations May 27-June 3.
The public will be invited to celebrate with the agency in September and October. Special activities are being planned at several NASA visitor centers and other locations across the United States. Details will be announced as they become available.
NASA’s celebration of all things Apollo will begin Oct. 11, the 50th anniversary of the launch of Apollo 7, the first of the missions to carry a crew into space. On this day, at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, the U.S. Mint will unveil the design for an Apollo 11 commemorative coin that will go on sale in January 2019.
In December, NASA will join the National Air and Space Museum in recalling the 50th anniversary of the flight of Apollo 8, whose crew of three spent Christmas 1968 in orbit around the Moon.
The focus will turn to Apollo 11 in July 2019. Celebrations are planned in Washington and at NASA centers that were crucial to the success of the Apollo Program. On July 19, NASA TV will broadcast live from the refurbished Apollo Mission Operations Control Room at NASA’s Johnson Space Center and several other locations with Apollo connections coast to coast.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
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60 Moments in NASA History (1958-2018)
In six decades, NASA has had too many achievements to easily catalog on one web page. Listed here are 60 of the most important that have laid the groundwork for the agency’s current programs and future endeavors:
https://www.nasa.gov/specials/timeline/index.html
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
In six decades, NASA has had too many achievements to easily catalog on one web page. Listed here are 60 of the most important that have laid the groundwork for the agency’s current programs and future endeavors:
https://www.nasa.gov/specials/timeline/index.html
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA: 60 Moments in NASA History
nasa.gov
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Sputnik: Dawn of the Space Age
History changed on Oct. 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball, about 23 inches diameter and weighing less than 190 pounds. It took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the Space Age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. space race.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/sputnik/
Like the Soviet Union, the United States was planning to launch a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year. Caught off-guard, the American public felt echoes of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor less than 16 years before. Americans feared that the Soviets—whom they believed were behind the U.S. technologically after the devastation of World War II—could launch ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons at the United States.
Sputnik’s launch led the U.S. government to focus and consolidate space exploration programs in different agencies, and on Jan. 31, 1958, the Army launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, later named after principal investigator James Van Allen. That summer, Congress and President Eisenhower created NASA, which came into being Oct. 1.
Sputnik’s launch created a rivalry that lasted decades and sent Americans to the moon, but which ultimately gave way to cooperation and collaboration. Sixty years later, Americans and Russians work alongside each other and astronauts from many other countries aboard the International Space Station.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
+Yuri's Night
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #SpaceAge #Sputnik #Спутник #Russia #Россия #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
History changed on Oct. 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball, about 23 inches diameter and weighing less than 190 pounds. It took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the Space Age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. space race.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/sputnik/
Like the Soviet Union, the United States was planning to launch a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year. Caught off-guard, the American public felt echoes of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor less than 16 years before. Americans feared that the Soviets—whom they believed were behind the U.S. technologically after the devastation of World War II—could launch ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons at the United States.
Sputnik’s launch led the U.S. government to focus and consolidate space exploration programs in different agencies, and on Jan. 31, 1958, the Army launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, later named after principal investigator James Van Allen. That summer, Congress and President Eisenhower created NASA, which came into being Oct. 1.
Sputnik’s launch created a rivalry that lasted decades and sent Americans to the moon, but which ultimately gave way to cooperation and collaboration. Sixty years later, Americans and Russians work alongside each other and astronauts from many other countries aboard the International Space Station.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
+Yuri's Night
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #SpaceAge #Sputnik #Спутник #Russia #Россия #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA 60 Years & Counting
nasa.gov
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NASA 60th: How It All Began (1958-2018)
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. NASA opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with T. Keith Glennan as our first administrator. Our history tells a story of exploration, innovation and discoveries. The next 60 years, that story continues.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Video Credit: NASA
Article Credit: Friends of NASA (FoN)
Duration: 5 minutes, 45 seconds
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education #HD #Video
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. NASA opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with T. Keith Glennan as our first administrator. Our history tells a story of exploration, innovation and discoveries. The next 60 years, that story continues.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Video Credit: NASA
Article Credit: Friends of NASA (FoN)
Duration: 5 minutes, 45 seconds
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education #HD #Video
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Hubble’s Close-up View of Mars Dust Storm
Mars Moons Phobos and Deimos are Visible (lower half)
NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope photographed Mars on July 18, near its closest approach to Earth since 2003. The planet was observed near opposition, when the Sun, Earth and Mars are lined up, with Earth sitting in between the Sun and Mars. This proximity gives the Red Planet its brightest appearance in the night sky since the 2003 opposition.
It’s springtime in Mars’ southern hemisphere, where a dust storm erupted and ballooned into a global event that is now blanketing the entire planet. Even so, several distinctive features can be identified.
The large oval area at the lower right is the bright Hellas Basin. About 1,400 miles across and nearly five miles deep, it was formed about 4 billion years ago by an asteroid impact. Many global dust storms originate in this region, the deepest feature on Mars.
The orange area in the upper center of the image is Arabia Terra, a vast upland region in northern Mars that covers about 2,800 miles. The landscape is densely cratered and heavily eroded, indicating that it could be among the oldest terrains on the planet.
South of Arabia Terra, running east to west along the equator, are the long dark features known as Sinus Sabaeus (to the east) and Sinus Meridiani (to the west). NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity landed in the western portion of Sinus Meridiani, while its twin, Spirit, landed on the other side of the planet.
The darker regions of Sinus Sabaeus and Sinus Meridiani are covered by dark bedrock and fine-grained sand deposits ground down from ancient lava flows and other volcanic features. These sand grains are coarser and less reflective than the fine dust that gives the brighter regions of Mars their rusty appearance.
Because it is autumn in the northern hemisphere, a bright blanket of clouds covers the north polar region. Clouds also can be seen over the southern polar cap.
The two small moons of Mars, Phobos (right) and Deimos (left), appear in the lower half of the image.
This picture of Mars was captured on July 18, at just 36.9 million miles from Earth, near its July 27 opposition. The biennial close approaches between Mars and Earth are not all the same. Mars’ orbit around the Sun is markedly elliptical; the proximity to Earth can range from 35 million miles to 63 million miles. Data from Hubble and the missions studying Mars will provide greater insight into the processes that cause the Martian dust storms.
Oppositions occur because about every two years Earth’s orbit catches up to Mars’ orbit, aligning the Sun, Earth, and Mars in a straight line, so that Mars and the sun are on “opposing” sides of Earth. This phenomenon is a result of the difference in orbital periods between Earth’s orbit and Mars’ orbit. While Earth takes the familiar 365 days to travel once around the Sun, Mars takes 687 Earth days to make its trip around our star. As a result, Earth makes almost two full orbits in the time it takes Mars to make just one, resulting in the occurrence of Martian oppositions about every 26 months.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and STScI
Image Date: July 18, 2018
Release Date: July 26, 2018
+Hubble Space Telescope
+NASA Goddard
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Space Telescope Science Institute
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Science #Planet #Mars #Atmosphere #Weather #Meteorology #Polar #Ice #Dust #DustStorm #Haze #RedPlanet #Moons #Phobos #Deimos #JourneyToMars #Opposition #Sun #Earth #SolarSystem #Exploration #Telescope #ESA #STScI #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education
Mars Moons Phobos and Deimos are Visible (lower half)
NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope photographed Mars on July 18, near its closest approach to Earth since 2003. The planet was observed near opposition, when the Sun, Earth and Mars are lined up, with Earth sitting in between the Sun and Mars. This proximity gives the Red Planet its brightest appearance in the night sky since the 2003 opposition.
It’s springtime in Mars’ southern hemisphere, where a dust storm erupted and ballooned into a global event that is now blanketing the entire planet. Even so, several distinctive features can be identified.
The large oval area at the lower right is the bright Hellas Basin. About 1,400 miles across and nearly five miles deep, it was formed about 4 billion years ago by an asteroid impact. Many global dust storms originate in this region, the deepest feature on Mars.
The orange area in the upper center of the image is Arabia Terra, a vast upland region in northern Mars that covers about 2,800 miles. The landscape is densely cratered and heavily eroded, indicating that it could be among the oldest terrains on the planet.
South of Arabia Terra, running east to west along the equator, are the long dark features known as Sinus Sabaeus (to the east) and Sinus Meridiani (to the west). NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity landed in the western portion of Sinus Meridiani, while its twin, Spirit, landed on the other side of the planet.
The darker regions of Sinus Sabaeus and Sinus Meridiani are covered by dark bedrock and fine-grained sand deposits ground down from ancient lava flows and other volcanic features. These sand grains are coarser and less reflective than the fine dust that gives the brighter regions of Mars their rusty appearance.
Because it is autumn in the northern hemisphere, a bright blanket of clouds covers the north polar region. Clouds also can be seen over the southern polar cap.
The two small moons of Mars, Phobos (right) and Deimos (left), appear in the lower half of the image.
This picture of Mars was captured on July 18, at just 36.9 million miles from Earth, near its July 27 opposition. The biennial close approaches between Mars and Earth are not all the same. Mars’ orbit around the Sun is markedly elliptical; the proximity to Earth can range from 35 million miles to 63 million miles. Data from Hubble and the missions studying Mars will provide greater insight into the processes that cause the Martian dust storms.
Oppositions occur because about every two years Earth’s orbit catches up to Mars’ orbit, aligning the Sun, Earth, and Mars in a straight line, so that Mars and the sun are on “opposing” sides of Earth. This phenomenon is a result of the difference in orbital periods between Earth’s orbit and Mars’ orbit. While Earth takes the familiar 365 days to travel once around the Sun, Mars takes 687 Earth days to make its trip around our star. As a result, Earth makes almost two full orbits in the time it takes Mars to make just one, resulting in the occurrence of Martian oppositions about every 26 months.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and STScI
Image Date: July 18, 2018
Release Date: July 26, 2018
+Hubble Space Telescope
+NASA Goddard
+NASA Solar System Exploration
+European Space Agency, ESA
+Space Telescope Science Institute
#NASA #Hubble #Astronomy #Space #Science #Planet #Mars #Atmosphere #Weather #Meteorology #Polar #Ice #Dust #DustStorm #Haze #RedPlanet #Moons #Phobos #Deimos #JourneyToMars #Opposition #Sun #Earth #SolarSystem #Exploration #Telescope #ESA #STScI #Goddard #GSFC #STEM #Education
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When Planes Became Spacecraft: X-15
The NACA Becomes NASA
NASA 60 Years & Counting (1958-2018)
Image: X-15 pilot and future NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong stands beside one of the planes.
Though the X-planes became a formative part of the space program, their development was rooted in engineers’ efforts to simply make airplanes go faster. Researchers had learned by the 1930s that planes driven by piston engines and propellers ultimately ran into performance problems at about 350 mph, and data was already showing there would be additional problems at even higher speeds.
The X-1 program resolved enough of those problems to allow Chuck Yeager to fly faster than sound in 1947, and researchers turned to possibilities of “hypersonic” flight, Mach 5 or higher. In the mid-1950s, those efforts became the X-15 program, led by the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), NASA’s predecessor agency, in partnership with the U.S. Air Force and Navy.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/x-15/
As it did so many other things, the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik changed how the X-15 was viewed. With no U.S. satellite launch on the horizon, Americans focused on the new vehicle. It made its public debut on Oct. 15, 1958. (Ironically without its managing organization; two weeks earlier, NACA had become NASA.)
As Harrison “Stormy” Storms of North American Aviation, the X-15’s builder, said, “The rollout of the X-15 marks the beginning of man’s most advanced assault on space. This will be one of the most dramatic, as in the X-15 we have all of the elements and most of the problems of a true space vehicle.”
Ultimately, the X-15 flew 199 times, and on Oct. 3, 1967, U.S. Air Force pilot Pete Knight set a speed record of Mach 6.7. But as important as the records was everything that NACA, and later NASA, researchers learned about operating craft at high speeds and altitudes. Roger Bilstein summarized the achievements this way in “Testing Aircraft, Exploring Space:”
"The fallout was far-reaching in numerous crucial areas . . . The X-15’s survival encouraged extensive use of comparatively exotic alloys, such as titanium and Inconel-X, which led to machining and production techniques that became standard in the aerospace industry. . . . (T)he chance of accidental loss of pressurization . . . prompted development of the first practical full-pressure suit for pilot protection in space. The X-15 was the first to use reaction controls for attitude control in space; re-entry techniques and related technology also contributed to the space program, and even earth science experiments were carried out by the X-15 in some of its flights."
The X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 feet and at a speed of about 500 mph. After dropping from the B-52, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 seconds of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing.
Taking over the X-15 program produced more than technical knowledge, though. “Although NACA in essence bootstrapped air force and navy funds for the X-15,” Bilstein wrote, “it was very much a NACA idea and design from start to finish. In many ways, the X-15 program signaled a shift to the research, development and management functions that characterized the NASA organization soon to come.”
The X-15 and other X-planes are more than a historical legacy for NASA. The program is the core of NASA’s New Aviation Horizons, an array of new experimental aircraft that will carry on the legacy of demonstrating advanced technologies to push back the frontiers of aviation. Goals include showcasing how airliners can burn half the fuel and generate 75 percent less pollution during each flight as compared to now, while also being much quieter than today’s jets —perhaps even when flying supersonic.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #X15 #Hypersonic #Flight #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
The NACA Becomes NASA
NASA 60 Years & Counting (1958-2018)
Image: X-15 pilot and future NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong stands beside one of the planes.
Though the X-planes became a formative part of the space program, their development was rooted in engineers’ efforts to simply make airplanes go faster. Researchers had learned by the 1930s that planes driven by piston engines and propellers ultimately ran into performance problems at about 350 mph, and data was already showing there would be additional problems at even higher speeds.
The X-1 program resolved enough of those problems to allow Chuck Yeager to fly faster than sound in 1947, and researchers turned to possibilities of “hypersonic” flight, Mach 5 or higher. In the mid-1950s, those efforts became the X-15 program, led by the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), NASA’s predecessor agency, in partnership with the U.S. Air Force and Navy.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/x-15/
As it did so many other things, the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik changed how the X-15 was viewed. With no U.S. satellite launch on the horizon, Americans focused on the new vehicle. It made its public debut on Oct. 15, 1958. (Ironically without its managing organization; two weeks earlier, NACA had become NASA.)
As Harrison “Stormy” Storms of North American Aviation, the X-15’s builder, said, “The rollout of the X-15 marks the beginning of man’s most advanced assault on space. This will be one of the most dramatic, as in the X-15 we have all of the elements and most of the problems of a true space vehicle.”
Ultimately, the X-15 flew 199 times, and on Oct. 3, 1967, U.S. Air Force pilot Pete Knight set a speed record of Mach 6.7. But as important as the records was everything that NACA, and later NASA, researchers learned about operating craft at high speeds and altitudes. Roger Bilstein summarized the achievements this way in “Testing Aircraft, Exploring Space:”
"The fallout was far-reaching in numerous crucial areas . . . The X-15’s survival encouraged extensive use of comparatively exotic alloys, such as titanium and Inconel-X, which led to machining and production techniques that became standard in the aerospace industry. . . . (T)he chance of accidental loss of pressurization . . . prompted development of the first practical full-pressure suit for pilot protection in space. The X-15 was the first to use reaction controls for attitude control in space; re-entry techniques and related technology also contributed to the space program, and even earth science experiments were carried out by the X-15 in some of its flights."
The X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 feet and at a speed of about 500 mph. After dropping from the B-52, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 seconds of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing.
Taking over the X-15 program produced more than technical knowledge, though. “Although NACA in essence bootstrapped air force and navy funds for the X-15,” Bilstein wrote, “it was very much a NACA idea and design from start to finish. In many ways, the X-15 program signaled a shift to the research, development and management functions that characterized the NASA organization soon to come.”
The X-15 and other X-planes are more than a historical legacy for NASA. The program is the core of NASA’s New Aviation Horizons, an array of new experimental aircraft that will carry on the legacy of demonstrating advanced technologies to push back the frontiers of aviation. Goals include showcasing how airliners can burn half the fuel and generate 75 percent less pollution during each flight as compared to now, while also being much quieter than today’s jets —perhaps even when flying supersonic.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #X15 #Hypersonic #Flight #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA 60 Years & Counting: X-15
nasa.gov
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