HDL-C

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) is seen as the 'good' cholesterol (relative to LDL-C). Its job is to bring circulating cholesterol and fatty acids back to the liver tissue and clear them from the blood; high levels are desired to protect the heart.

This page features 31 unique references to scientific papers.

Confused about supplements?


Join our FREE 5 day supplement course

Frequently Asked Questions

Questions and answers regarding HDL-C

Q: Will eating eggs increase my cholesterol?

A: Whether or not eggs increase cholesterol depends on genetics, but they don’t seem to inherently increase the risk of heart disease, unless maybe when paired with a poor diet.

Read full answer to "Will eating eggs increase my cholesterol?"


Human Effect Matrix

The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (it excludes animal and in vitro studies) to tell you what supplements affect hdl-c

Grade Level of Evidence
Robust research conducted with repeated double-blind clinical trials
Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled
Single double-blind study or multiple cohort studies
Uncontrolled or observational studies only
Level of Evidence
? The amount of high quality evidence. The more evidence, the more we can trust the results.
Outcome Magnitude of effect
? The direction and size of the supplement's impact on each outcome. Some supplements can have an increasing effect, others have a decreasing effect, and others have no effect.
Consistency of research results
? Scientific research does not always agree. HIGH or VERY HIGH means that most of the scientific research agrees.
Notes
Garlic
All comparative evidence is now gathered in our ​Supplement Goals Reference.
The evidence for each separate supplement is still freely available ​here.
Fish Oil  
Policosanol  
Chromium  
Cocoa Extract  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid  
Red Clover Extract  
Vitamin B3  
Berberine  
Curcumin  
Green Tea Catechins  
Inositol  
Olive leaf extract  
Psyllium  
Spirulina  
Astaxanthin  
Dehydroepiandrosterone  
Grape Seed Extract  
Hesperidin  
L-Carnitine  
Lactobacillus reuteri  
Magnesium  
Nigella sativa  
Trimethylglycine  
Vitamin E  
Ganoderma lucidum  
Krill Oil  
Ashwagandha  
Ephedrine  
Fenugreek  
Ginger  
Guggul  
Irvingia gabonensis  
Panax ginseng  
Pterostilbene  
Pueraria mirifica  
Punicic Acid  
Quercetin  
Rooibos  
Shilajit  
Anethum graveolens  
Artichoke Extract  
Benfotiamine  
Black Cohosh  
Blueberry  
Caffeine  
Citrulline  
Citrullus colocynthis  
Creatine  
Eleutherococcus senticosus  
Gamma Oryzanol  
Garcinia cambogia  
Green Coffee Extract  
Gynostemma pentaphyllum  
HMB  
Hemp Protein  
Hibiscus sabdariffa  
Japanese Knotweed  
Licorice  
Melatonin  
Microlactin  
Nattokinase  
Phosphatidylcholine  
Phosphatidylserine  
Pyruvate  
Resveratrol  
Rose Hip  
Royal Jelly  
Salvia hispanica  
Sea Buckthorn  
Soy lecithin  
Stevia  
Theaflavins  
Vanadium  
Vitamin C  
Vitamin K  
Whey Protein  
Yacon  
Zinc  
Coleus forskohlii  
Ruscus aculeatus  
Coconut Oil  
Coffee  
Emblica officinalis  
Pycnogenol  
Safflower Oil  
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid  
Tetradecyl Thioacetic Acid  
Yerba mate  
Ecklonia cava  
Eclipta alba  
Horse Chestnut  
Mangifera indica  
Perilla Oil  
Pueraria lobata  
Pyrroloquinoline quinone  
Rubus coreanus  
Vitamin D  

Scientific Support & Reference Citations

References

  1. Egg intake does not change plasma lipoprotein and coagulation profiles
  2. Bowman MP, et al Effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on plasma lipids and lipoprotein fractions in normolipidemic men . J Nutr. (1988)
  3. Chenoweth W, et al Influence of dietary cholesterol and fat on serum lipids in men . J Nutr. (1981)
  4. Effect of dietary eggs and ascorbic acid on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy young men
  5. Down-regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor by dietary cholesterol
  6. Johnson C, Greenland P Effects of exercise, dietary cholesterol, and dietary fat on blood lipids . Arch Intern Med. (1990)
  7. Sacks FM, et al Ingestion of egg raises plasma low density lipoproteins in free-living subjects . Lancet. (1984)
  8. Flynn MA, et al Serum lipids and eggs . J Am Diet Assoc. (1986)
  9. Fernandez ML Dietary cholesterol provided by eggs and plasma lipoproteins in healthy populations . Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. (2006)
  10. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of the effects of two eggs per day in moderately hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic subjects taught the NCEP step I diet
  11. Romano G, et al Effects of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins and their subclasses in IDDM patients . Diabetologia. (1998)
  12. Mayurasakorn K, et al High-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes after continuous egg consumption in healthy adults . J Med Assoc Thai. (2008)
  13. Vishwanathan R, et al Consumption of 2 and 4 egg yolks/d for 5 wk increases macular pigment concentrations in older adults with low macular pigment taking cholesterol-lowering statins . Am J Clin Nutr. (2009)
  14. Katz DL, et al Egg consumption and endothelial function: a randomized controlled crossover trial . Int J Cardiol. (2005)
  15. Njike V, et al Daily egg consumption in hyperlipidemic adults--effects on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk . Nutr J. (2010)
  16. Jones PJ Dietary cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients: a review of the Harvard Egg Study and other data . Int J Clin Pract Suppl. (2009)
  17. Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in humans: a meta-analysis
  18. Fernandez ML Effects of eggs on plasma lipoproteins in healthy populations . Food Funct. (2010)
  19. McNamara DJ The impact of egg limitations on coronary heart disease risk: do the numbers add up . J Am Coll Nutr. (2000)
  20. Fernandez ML, Calle M Revisiting dietary cholesterol recommendations: does the evidence support a limit of 300 mg/d . Curr Atheroscler Rep. (2010)
  21. Eggs, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease
  22. Djoussé L, et al Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults . Am J Clin Nutr. (2010)
  23. Hu FB, et al A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women . JAMA. (1999)
  24. Herron KL, et al High intake of cholesterol results in less atherogenic low-density lipoprotein particles in men and women independent of response classification . Metabolism. (2004)
  25. Spence JD, Jenkins DJ, Davignon J Dietary cholesterol and egg yolks: not for patients at risk of vascular disease . Can J Cardiol. (2010)
  26. Pearce KL, Clifton PM, Noakes M Egg consumption as part of an energy-restricted high-protein diet improves blood lipid and blood glucose profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes . Br J Nutr. (2011)
  27. Goodrow EF, et al Consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults without altering serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations . J Nutr. (2006)
  28. Effect of a High Saturated Fat and No-Starch Diet on Serum Lipid Subfractions in Patients With Documented Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
  29. Mutungi G, et al Dietary cholesterol from eggs increases plasma HDL cholesterol in overweight men consuming a carbohydrate-restricted diet . J Nutr. (2008)
  30. Mutungi G, et al Eggs distinctly modulate plasma carotenoid and lipoprotein subclasses in adult men following a carbohydrate-restricted diet . J Nutr Biochem. (2010)
  31. Fernández-Robredo P, et al Egg yolk improves lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and retinal abnormalities in a murine model of genetic hypercholesterolemia . J Nutr Biochem. (2008)