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ShadowStats Newsletter
"John Williams’ Shadow Government Statistics" is an electronic newsletter service that exposes and analyzes flaws in current U.S. government economic data and reporting, as well as in certain private-sector numbers, and provides an assessment of underlying economic and financial conditions, net of financial-market and political hype.
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Some Thoughts on the Stock Market

December 26th, 2018
• Weakening Economy, Driven by Fed Tightening, and FOMC Promises for Even More in 2019, Likely Were Proximal Triggers for the Recent Stock Market Rout
• Market Turmoil Likely Has Only Just Begun
• Attempts by Fed to Mollify Impact of Recent Tightening Could Trigger Flight from the U.S. Dollar and Even Greater Crises
More ...
No. 979: November Labor Numbers, Consumer and Producer Price Indices, October Trade Deficit, FOMC

December 19th, 2018
• FOMC Fumbled, Boosting Rates and Promising Further Rate Hikes, While Liquidity-Starved Consumer Activity Already Suggests a New Recession
• Pace of November 2018 Payroll Jobs Growth Slowed to 155,000 (143,000 net of revisions), Against a downwardly revised monthly gain of 237,000 (previously 250,000) in October
• November U.3 Unemployment Dropped to a Record Low 3.67%, from 3.74% in October, While Broader U.6 Unemployment Rose to 7.57% from 7.43% and ShadowStats-Alternate Unemployment Notched Higher to 21.3% from 21.2%
• Intense Labor-Market Stress Remained Consistent with Headline Unemployment Near a Record High, Not a Record Low
• November Real Average Weekly Earnings Dropped With a Declining Work Week
• October 2018 U.S. Real Merchandise Trade Deficit Widened, and the Third-Quarter 2018 Worst-Ever Trade Deficit Deepened in Revision, with Negative Implications for the U.S. Dollar and for Fourth-Quarter GDP
• Strength in Recent Economic Headline Activity Commonly Was Boosted by Downside Revisions to Prior Reporting
• Collapsing Oil and Gasoline Prices Slowed November Headline CPI Inflation, Yet They Had the Net Effect of Boosting the Nonsensically Defined PPI Inflation
• Non-Seasonal, Extreme Monthly Swings in Gasoline Prices Have Disrupted any Consistent Trend in Monthly Year-to-Year CPI Inflation
More ...
Hyperinflation Watch No. 4

December 11th, 2018
• Intensifying Risks of Financial-Market and Systemic Instabilities
• November U.S. Monetary Base Declined at an Extreme Annual Pace of 12% (-12%); As Seen Similarly With Federal Reserve Policy Errors of 1936/1937 That Helped Trigger the Second Down Leg of the Great Depression
• Current FOMC Tightening Is Triggering an Unfolding New Recession
• Sell-Off in Equities Likely Has Just Begun
• Watch for Heavy Selling of the U.S. Dollar and Heavy Buying of Gold as Portents of Extreme Political and Financial-Market Turmoil and Systemic Instability
More ...
No. 978 Second Part Residential Construction, Home Sales, Construction Spending and Revised GDP

December 6th, 2018
• FOMC Tightening Has Strangled Consumer Liquidity
• October 2018 U.S. Construction Spending Revised and Turned Sharply Lower, Both Before and After Inflation Adjustment, Consistent With an Unfolding New Recession
• Plunging October Residential Construction and Home Sales Numbers All Continued in Deepening Downtrends and Intensifying Quarterly Contractions
• Second Estimate of Third-Quarter 2018 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Annualized Real Growth Was Unrevised at 3.50%, Versus 4.16% in Second-Quarter
• Yet, Downside Revisions to Motor Vehicle Consumption and Upside Inventory Revisions Pushed Third-Quarter Final Sales Down to a Revised 1.23% from 1.43%, Versus 5.33% in Second-Quarter 2018
• Also Hitting GDP Growth, the Record Deficit in Third-Quarter Net Exports Expanded in Revision to a New Record Trade Shortfall
• Negative Early Trend for the Fourth-Quarter Real Merchandise Trade Deficit Suggests an Even Greater Net-Exports Hit to Fourth-Quarter 2018 GDP
• Hints of a Recession-Driven Shift in Federal Reserve Policy Intensify Risks of Major Financial-Market Upheaval
• Watch for U.S. Dollar Weakness/Instability and Spiking Gold and Silver Prices; the Dollar and Precious Metals Serve as the Canary in the Coal Mine for the Domestic Stock and Bond Markets
More ...
No. 978 Part I: October CPI and PPI, Retail Sales, Production, New Orders and Freight Activity

December 1st, 2018
• Fed Begins to Waffle on Interest Rates and Tightening? Watch the Dollar and Gold!
• Broad Systemic Liquidity and Real Earnings Growth Have Been Impaired by Federal Reserve Tightening
• Constrained Consumer Liquidity Has Taken an Increasing Toll on Economic Activity; GDP Final Sales Revised Lower
• Motor Vehicle Sales Are in a Downward Spiral
• Real Retail Sales, New Orders, Manufacturing, Residential Construction and Home Sales All Have Weakened
• Deteriorating Construction-Activity and Residential-Sales Never Have Recovered Pre-Recession Peak Levels
• With No End in Sight, October 2018 U.S. Manufacturing Remained Shy by 4.3% (-4.3%) of Recovering Its December 2007 Pre-Recession Peak
• The 130 Straight Months of Economic Non-Expansion in Manufacturing Is Unlike Anything Ever Seen in the 100-Year History of the Series
• Slowdown in Consumer-Driven Activity Looks Like the Onset of a New Recession
• Unadjusted October 2018 Annual Inflation Bounced Back from Year-Ago Disruptions, but Falling Gasoline Prices Should Offer Some Relief
More ...
Consumer Liquidity Watch No. 5

November 21st, 2018
• Stresses Mount on Consumer Income, Credit and Wealth
• Cascading Consumer Liquidity Issues, Aggravated by Federal Reserve Tightenings, Wallop Headline Activity in Home Sales, Construction, Retail Sales and Manufacturing
• Can the GDP Be Far Behind?
More ...
No. 977: October Labor Numbers and Money Supply, September Trade Deficit, Construction Spending

November 6th, 2018
• Third-Quarter U.S. Real Merchandise Trade Deficit Was the Worst Ever
• Consumer Outlook Plummets
• Private Surveying of October 2018 Labor-Market Demand Showed Sharp Slowing
• October U.3 Unemployment Rose to 3.74% from Record-Low 3.68% in September; Broader U.6 Unemployment Eased to 7.43% from 7.45%; On Top of U.6, ShadowStats-Alternate Unemployment Notched Lower to 21.2% from 21.3%
• Intense Labor-Market Stresses Remained Consistent with Headline Unemployment Near a Record High, Not a Record Low
• October Payroll Gain of 250,000, versus 118,000 in September Likely Reflected a Relative Boost versus Hurricane-Depressed September Numbers
• Third-Quarter 2018 Real Construction Spending Contracted Quarter to Quarter, Total Construction Spending Fell at an Annualized Pace of 1.7% (-1.7%), Private Residential Construction Spending Contracted by 6.6% (-6.6%), Down by 2.8% (-2.8%) Before Inflation Adjustment
• Weakening Residential Construction and Sales Activity Reflect Impact of Federal Reserve Tightening and Related Consumer Liquidity Squeeze
• Annual M3 Growth Sank to a 14-Month Low in October 2018, with M2 at an 8-Year Low, and M1 at a 10-Year Low (Other Than For Recent Months); With the Level of the Monetary Base at a 21-Month Low
More ...
No. 976: Third-Quarter 2018 GDP, September 2018 New Orders for Durable Goods, New-Home Sales

October 30th, 2018
• Real Third-Quarter 2018 GDP Gained 3.50%, Against 4.16% in Second-Quarter, Yet, Where 70.7% of the Increase in the Level of Quarterly GDP Was in Inventories, Annualized Real Final Sales Growth Plunged to 1.43% from 5.33%
• Third-Quarter Real GDP Stood 18.5% Above Its 2007 Pre-Recession Peak, but Held Shy by 4.9% (-4.9%) of Recovering that Peak, Corrected for Understated GDP Inflation
• Advance Estimate of Third-Quarter Real Merchandise Trade Deficit Indicated Worst-Ever Quarterly Merchandise Trade Shortfall
• Third-Quarter GDP Confirmed Massive Quarterly Trade-Balance Deterioration, Worst-Ever Quarterly Shortfall in Net Exports of Goods and Services
• September New-Home Sales Collapsed to a 21-Month Low on Top of Downside Revisions; Second-Consecutive Quarterly Contraction and Sharply Deepening Six-Month Downtrend Confirmed Plunging Headlines Seen in Other Residential Construction and Sales Series; Activity Constrained by FOMC Policies Pummeling Consumer Liquidity
• Third-Quarter GDP Also Showed Third-Consecutive Quarterly Contraction in Private Residential Investment
• Federal Reserve Tightening Has Hit Consumer- and Systemic-Liquidity Hard, Continuing to Threaten Any Nascent Economic Recovery
• September Real New Orders for Durable Goods Growth of 0.6% Was a Contraction of 0.8% (-0.8%), Ex-Defense, With Gains Increasingly Driven by Government Spending, Not by the Consumer
More ...
No. 975: September Retail Sales, Production, Freight, Housing Starts, Hurricanes and FOMC

October 22nd, 2018
• FOMC Discussions of Raising Rates to Restrictive Levels Are After the Fact; Higher Rates Already Are Pummeling Near-Term Economic Prospects and Threatening Financial-System Stability in this Still-Experimental and Unresolved Post-2007/2008-Crisis Environment
• Oil-Price Driven Inflation Does Not Reflect an Overheating Economy; It Hurts Consumer Liquidity Just as Much as Federal Reserve Rate Hikes
• Faltering Consumer Liquidity Clobbered September 2018 Retail Sales and New Residential Construction
• Real Annual Retail Sales Growth Slowed in a Manner Most Commonly Seen at the Onset of a New Recession
• Building Permits, Housing Starts and Home Sales Just Entered What Could Be Considered a New Recession
• Third-Quarter Permits and Starts Fell in Consecutive Quarterly Contractions; Existing-Home Sales Declined in a Third Consecutive Quarterly Contraction; All Key Residential Series Are in Deepening Six-Month Downtrends
• Minimal Monthly Growth in September Consumer Goods Production Came Entirely from Downside Revisions to August Activity
• With No End in Sight, September 2018 Manufacturing Remained Shy by 4.8% (-4.8%) of Recovering Its December 2007 Pre-Recession Peak
• The 129 Straight Months (43 Straight Quarters) of Economic Non-Expansion in U.S. Manufacturing Is the Longest Such Period in the 100-Year History of the Series
• Mixed Data Distortions/Disruptions from the Hurricanes of 2018 and 2017
More ...
No. 974: September Consumer and Producer Price Indices, Liquidity and Markets

October 15th, 2018
• As Some Acorns Begin to Fall, Beware the Dollar; Risks of Major Financial-Market Upheaval Are High
• Ongoing Federal Reserve Rate Hikes and Related Policies Have Continued to Tighten Systemic and Consumer Liquidity, Pummeling Retail Sales, and Near-Term Economic Prospects, and Threatening Financial-System Stability
• Hurricane-Triggered Boosts to Energy Prices in September 2017 Depressed Relative Year-to-Year Inflation Rates in September 2018; Annual Consumer Inflation Should be Pushing Three-Percent by December
• CPI-U Unadjusted Annual Inflation, Depressed by 2017 Hurricane Distortions, Softened to 2.28% in September 2018 versus 2.70% in August 2018
• CPI-W Unadjusted Annual Inflation, Depressed by 2017 Hurricane Distortions, Softened to 2.33% in September 2018 versus 2.87% in August 2018
• September Real Average Weekly Earnings Growth Remained Impaired
• 2019 Social Security COLA of 2.8% (Based on the CPI-W), Would Have Been 2.4% Using the C-CPI-U, Which Has Been Designed for That Purpose, But Not Yet Implemented
• FOMC-Targeted Core CPI Inflation, Little Affected by Year-Ago Hurricane Disruptions, Held at 2.17% Year-to-Year in September 2018 versus 2.20% in August 2018
• Aggregate PPI Unadjusted Annual Inflation, Depressed by 2017 Hurricane Distortions, Softened to 2.64% in September 2018 versus 2.83% in August 2018
More ...
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DAILY UPDATE (December 26th: Some Thoughts on the Stock Market [Commentary No. 980a], Posted).
• MARKETS: U.S. Stock Market Selling Could Be Far from Over. Brief Commentary No. 980a (Dec 26) reviews some of the key conditions behind recent heavy selling of U.S. equities. ShadowStats contends that Federal Reserve tightening policies of the last year--raising interest rates--have triggered a nascent U.S. recession. Despite that, recent FOMC comments have promised further rate hikes in the year ahead.
While those circumstances likely served as the proximal trigger of the early stock market rout, any Fed backing off now of those policies should trigger heavy selling of the U.S. dollar, and buying of precious metals, placing the Fed in an unwanted conundrum of its own creation. As we go to press at about 3pm ET on December 26th, the markets are deceptively strong and stable. Updates will follow as needed. Following are earlier, related comments.
FOMC Fumbled, Boosting Rates and Promising Further Rate Hikes, While Liquidity-Starved Consumer Activity Already Suggests a New Recession. The Fed’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) raised its targeted federal funds rate on December 19th by another 0.25%, with promises of more to come in 2019, despite some earlier hints of concern as to slowing economic activity (see detail Commentary No. 979 and in ShadowStats Hyperinflation Watch No. 4).
Those FOMC actions only will intensify consumer liquidity problems, which increasingly will pummel the domestic economy (see the comments in ShadowStats Consumer Liquidity Watch No. 5). The faltering economy ultimately will push the Fed into reversing its tightening policies, once banking-system liquidity is squeezed anew. That circumstance should hit the U.S. dollar and related financial markets hard. The ShadowStats ALERT, updated and reviewed in Hyperinflation Watch No. 4, remains in play, without any revision as a result of the most-recent Fed actions.
Extraordinary Financial-Market and Systemic Risks Remain in Play. Much more was involved in early-December stock-market selling than overvalued equities. At hand were (and remain) circumstances that could trigger one of the worst financial panics/ systemic disruptions of the last century (again, see Hyperinflation Watch No. 4).
Consider still-unresolved systemic instabilities from the 2008 bailout of the global banking system; heavily inflated equity prices; current Fed tightening and a related, unfolding U.S. recession; rapidly deteriorating, uncontained and unsustainable U.S. fiscal deficits; and exploding risks of political instability in the United States and among major U.S. trading partners and allies.
In particular, watch out for weakness and instability in the U.S. Dollar, and for spiking gold prices. The dollar and precious metals serve as the Canary in the Coal Mine for the domestic stock and bond markets.
• PENDING SHADOWSTATS POSTINGS: Commentary No. 980b (Dec 28) will review Retail Sales, Industrial Production, Residential Construction, Home Sales and more. Commentary No. 981 (Dec 30) will cover New Orders for Durable Goods, GDP revisions and a year-end wrap up with a review of some Federal Reserve and financial-market issues. Posting dates here are targets, subject to revision as underlying circumstances evolve. Actual Commentary postings are advised by coincident e-mails to subscribers.
Upon release of a given economic series, headline details and initial ShadowStats observations are posted in the LATEST ECONOMIC RELEASES section, usually within two hours of the official data publication.
• LATEST ECONOMIC RELEASES: (Dec 21) Third-Quarter 2018 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Second Revision (Bureau of Economic Analysis). Third-quarter annualized real GDP growth revised lower to 3.36%, from 3.50% in both its first and second estimates, versus 4.16% in 2q2018. Despite a consensus outlook for no net revision, that downside revision had been indicated by earlier-month revisions accompanying November Retail Sales and Industrial Production. Increasingly severe consumer liquidity problems were reflected in further downside revisions to residential investment and motor vehicle sales. Given the upside revision to inventories, Final Sales (GDP minus Inventory Change) revised lower to an annualized 1.03% from 1.23%.
Growth in the broadest National Income measure Gross National Product (GNP), which is GDP net of trade in Factor Income (interest and dividend payments), revised lower to 3.05% from 3.49%, versus 4.04% in 2q2018, in the context of revised, increased deterioration in Net Exports.
Third-quarter growth in the less-stable Gross Domestic Income (GDI), the theoretical income-side equivalent of the consumption-side GDP, revised higher to 4.26% from 4.03%, versus 0.87% in 2q2018.
(Dec 21) November New Orders for Durable Goods (Census Bureau). Aggregate New Orders in nominal terms, before inflation adjustment, and before consideration for extreme, irregular volatility in Commercial Aircraft orders, rose in the month by a weaker than expected 0.76%. Net of related monthly PPI inflation, that was a real gain of 0.64%. Net of irregular Commercial Aircraft orders, that was a nominal monthly gain of 0.52%, a real gain of 0.41%. Suggestive of intensifying consumer-liquidity pressures, seasonally-adjusted November nominal new orders and shipments of motor vehicles declined month-to-month respectively by -0.2% and -0.3%.
• PENDING ECONOMIC RELEASES: (Dec 27, 10:00 am ET) November 2018 New-Home Sales. Again, summary analyses should be posted here within two hours of the headline reporting.
• EARLIER RELEASES are reviewed in the Latest Commentaries either in the full text or pending coverage, with summary headlines posted here in the left-hand column.
Click on the Alternate Data tab above, or on the mini-graph below, for coverage of ShadowStats Alternate Estimates of Inflation, Unemployment and the GDP, as well as headline Money Supply (including the ShadowStats Ongoing M3 estimate) and the exclusive Financial-Weighted U.S. Dollar.
Postings of Commentaries and Watches are advised to Subscribers by e-mail. Check here for interim updates.
Best Wishes to All for a Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year! -- John Williams
Have you ever wondered why the CPI, GDP and employment numbers run counter to your personal and business experiences? The problem lies in biased and often-manipulated government reporting.
Primers on Government Economic Reports What you've suspected but were afraid to ask. The story behind unemployment, the Federal Deficit, CPI, GDP.
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John Williams
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Some Biographical & Additional Background Information
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Walter J. "John" Williams was born in 1949. He received an A.B. in Economics, cum laude, from Dartmouth College in 1971, and was awarded a M.B.A. from Dartmouth's Amos Tuck School of Business Administration in 1972, where he was named an Edward Tuck Scholar. During his career as a consulting economist, John has worked with individuals as well as Fortune 500 companies.
Although I am known formally as Walter J. Williams, my friends call me “John.” For 30 years, I have been a private consulting economist and, out of necessity, had to become a specialist in government economic reporting.
One of my early clients was a large manufacturer of commercial airplanes, who had developed an econometric model for predicting revenue passenger miles. The level of revenue passenger miles was their primary sales forecasting tool, and the model was heavily dependent on the GNP (now GDP) as reported by the Department of Commerce. Suddenly, their model stopped working, and they asked me if I could fix it. I realized the GNP numbers were faulty, corrected them for my client (official reporting was similarly revised a couple of years later) and the model worked again, at least for a while, until GNP methodological changes eventually made the underlying data worthless.
That began a lengthy process of exploring the history and nature of economic reporting and in interviewing key people involved in the process from the early days of government reporting through the present. For a number of years I conducted surveys among business economists as to the quality of government statistics (the vast majority thought it was pretty bad), and my results led to front page stories in 1989 in the New York Times and Investors Daily (now Investors Business Daily), considerable coverage in the broadcast media and a joint meeting with representatives of all the government's statistical agencies.
Nonetheless, the quality of government reporting has deteriorated sharply in the last couple of decades. Reporting problems have included methodological changes to economic reporting that have pushed headline economic and inflation results out of the realm of real-world or common experience.
Over the decades, well in excess of 1,000 presentations have been given on the economic outlook, or on approaches to analyzing economic data, to clients—large and small—including talks with members of the business, banking, government, press, academic, brokerage and investment communities. I also have provided testimony before Congress (details here).
An old friend—the late-Doug Gillespie—asked me some years back to write a series of articles on the quality of government statistics. The response to those writings (the Primer Series available at the top-center of this page) was so strong that we started ShadowStats.com (Shadow Government Statistics) in 2004. The newsletter is published as part of my economic consulting services. — John Williams
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