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Postnatal Development Enhances the Effects of Cholinergic Inputs on Recruitment Threshold and Firing Rate of Rat Oculomotor Nucleus Motoneurons
(Elsevier, 2010) Carrascal Moreno, María Livia; Luque Laó, María Ángeles; Sobrino Cabello, Verónica; Torres Ruiz, Blas; Núñez Abades, Pedro Antonio; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España; Junta de Andalucía
Changes in the electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of motoneurons (Mns) of the oculomotor nucleus during postnatal development have been reported, however synaptic modifications that take place concurrently with postnatal development in these Mns are yet to be elucidated. We investigated whether cholinergic inputs exert different effects on the recruitment threshold and firing rate of Mns during postnatal development. Rat oculomotor nucleus Mns were intracellularly recorded in brain slice preparations and separated in neonatal (4-7 postnatal days) and adult (20-30 postnatal days) age groups. Stimulation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus evoked a monosynaptic excitatory potential in Mns that was attenuated with atropine (1.5 μM, a muscarinic antagonist). Mns were silent at their resting membrane potential, and bath application of carbachol (10 μM, a cholinergic agonist) induced depolarization of the membrane potential and a sustained firing rate that were more pronounced in adult Mns. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical assays showed that these responses were attributable to muscarinic receptors located in the membrane of Mns. In addition, compared to control Mns, carbachol-exposed Mns exhibited a higher firing rate in response to the injection of the same amount of current, and a decrease in the current threshold required to achieve sustained firing. These latter effects were more pronounced in adult than in neonatal Mns. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cholinergic synaptic inputs are already present in neonatal Mns, and that the electrophysiological effects of such inputs on recruitment threshold and firing rate are enhanced with the postnatal development in oculomotor nucleus Mns. We propose that cholinergic input maturation could provide a greater dynamic range in adult Mns to encode the output necessary for graded muscle contraction.
Tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos no funcionantes. Manejo actual
(2024-06) Vilá Asián, Ángela; Nogales Muñoz, Angel Luis; Sánchez-Matamoros Martín, Inmaculada; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Cirugía
Introducción: Los NF-pan-TNEs se detectan con una incidencia creciente, principalmente de forma incidental. Presentan riesgo de malignidad difícil de determinar y debido a las complicaciones de la cirugía pancreática no está justificada la resección en todos los casos. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es esclarecer las pautas más actuales para el manejo de los NF-pan-TNEs. Material y Métodos: Para la realización de este trabajo se ha estudiado el contenido de 3 guías clínicas y se han seleccionado 12 artículos para su revisión a partir de una búsqueda en PubMed. Hemos realizado un diagrama de flujo explicando el proceso de selección de la bibliografía con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, así como una tabla resumen de los artículos. Resultados y Discusión: Para el correcto manejo de estos tumores es necesario realizar un diagnóstico que incluya marcadores bioquímicos, estudio anatomopatológico e imágenes. Parece haber unanimidad en recomendar la observación en NF-pan-TNEs < 2 cm y la cirugía en > 2 cm, individualizando el tratamiento según la extensión de la enfermedad. Se han encontrado discrepancias y vacíos de información en el manejo e indicaciones de tratamiento de los NF-pan-TNEs. Proponemos al final una guía clínica para orientar el manejo de los pacientes con NF-pan-TNEs Conclusiones: La complejidad para planificar el manejo de los NF-pan-TNEs se debe a las limitaciones y la falta de información para determinar su potencial maligno. La indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico de los NF-pan-TNEs por el tamaño no es criterio suficiente, ya que tumores de pequeño tamaño han mostrado agresividad.
Fundamentos políticos y tipología de los presuspuestos participativos.
(UniBrasil. Faculdades Integradas do Brasil, 2010) Barragán Robles, Vicente; Romero, Rafael; Sanz, José M.; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Sociología
The interplay between climatic niche evolution, polyploidy and reproductive traits explains plant speciation in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study in Centaurium (Gentianaceae)
(Frontiers Media, 2024-08-09) Valdés Florido, Ana; Valcárcel, Virginia; Maguilla Salado, Enrique; Díaz Lifante, Zoila María; Andrés Camacho, María Cristina; Zeltner, Louis; Coca de la Iglesia, Marina; G. Medina, Nagore; Arroyo Marín, Juan; Escudero Lirio, Marcial; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología
Speciation and diversification patterns in angiosperms are frequently shaped by
niche evolution. Centaurium Hill is a Mediterranean genus with ca. 25 species, of
which 60% are polyploids (tetra- and hexaploids), distributed mainly in the
Mediterranean Basin and in areas with temperate and arid climates of Asia,
Europe, North-Central Africa and North America. The evolutionary history of
this genus has been studied using morphological, biogeographical and molecular
approaches, but its climatic niche characterization and its relation with genome
evolution (chromosome number and ploidy level) has not been addressed yet.
Thus, this study aims to identify the role of the evolution of climatic niche, ploidy
level, life cycle and floral traits in the diversification of Centaurium. Climatic niche
characterization involved estimating present climate preferences using
quantitative data and reconstructing ancestral niches to evaluate climatic niche
shifts. The evolution of climatic niche towards selective optima determined by
ploidy level (three ploidy levels) and different binary traits (polyploidy, floral size,
floral display, herkogamy and life cycle) was addressed under the Ornstein-
Uhlenbeck model. Chromosome number evolution was inferred using the
ChromoSSE model, testing if changes are clado- or anagenetic. Chromosome
number evolution and its link with cladogenesis, life cycle and floral traits was
modeled on the phylogeny. The reconstruction of the ancestral niches shows
that Centaurium originated in a mild climate and diversified to both humid and
cold as well as to dry and warmer climates. Niche conservatism was estimated in
the climatic niche of the ancestors, while the climatic niche of the current taxa
experienced transitions from their ancestors’ niche. Besides, the evolution of
climatic niche towards multiple selective optima determined by the studied traits
was supported, life cycle optima receiving the highest support. The
reconstruction of chromosome number transitions shows that the rate of
speciation process resulting from chromosomal changes (chromosomal
cladogenesis) is similar to that of non-chromosomal cladogenesis. Additionally,
dependent evolution of floral size, floral display and herkogamy with
chromosome number variation was supported. In conclusion, polyploidization
is a crucial process in the Mediterranean region that assisted speciation and
diversification into new areas with different climates, entailing niche shifts and
evolution of reproductive strategies.
Near-optimal operation of the distributed energy resources in a smart microgrid district
(Elsevier, 2020-04) Cortés, Pablo; Auladell León, Paloma; Muñuzuri, Jesús; Onieva, Luis; Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Organización Industrial y Gestión de Empresas II; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España
This paper considers the case study of a smart microgrid district at Graciosa Island in the Canary Islands. The smart energy microgrid district consists of several households and a public use building (school) that includes renewable energy sources (photovoltaic), Li-ion batteries for electric energy storage, domestic hot water heaters acting as thermal energy storage, a pool for balancing energy consumption and supplies, and the connection to the electric grid. We have modelled such a problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming model that is linearly approximated using special ordered sets of type 2. The linear approximation is solved using Gurobi optimization software, providing close-to-optimum solutions within an interval of 15 min that allows near-real-time operation of the smart energy district. The obtained results allow advancement of the net-zero energy neighbourhood concept in all the evaluated scenarios within a daily horizon and a positive energy balance in wider horizons. Obviously, these results are obtained in part due to the magnificent insolation conditions of the Canary Islands, but they allow justifying that the appropriate use of renewable energy resources and energy storage systems together with a balancing mechanism at the district level (such as the pool in our case study) may also lead to near-net-zero energy neighbourhoods in other geographical locations.
