Replacing StackTraceElement, the new Stack-Walking API supports filtering and lazy access to stack trace information, and makes it easier to obtain the caller class
A Java 9 extension to the JAR file format makes it easier for third-party libraries and frameworks to use language and API features from newer Java releases
Updates to the Process API will make it easier to obtain a process ID, get additional information about a process, and execute actions on process termination
Covariance and contravariance might seem esoteric, but you'll need these concepts more than ever as the Java language evolves. Get started with type dependency in array types, generic types, and the wildcard element.
The Java and Python runtimes fail to properly validate FTP URLs, which can potentially allow attackers to punch holes through firewalls to access local networks