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Pre-General Availability Draft: 2017-07-17
Abstract
This is the MySQL™ Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 8.0 through 8.0.3.
MySQL 8.0 status. MySQL 8.0 is a development series not recommended for production use.
MySQL Cluster is currently not supported in MySQL 8.0. For information about MySQL Cluster, please see MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6.
MySQL 8.0 features. This manual describes features that are not included in every edition of MySQL 8.0; such features may not be included in the edition of MySQL 8.0 licensed to you. If you have any questions about the features included in your edition of MySQL 8.0, refer to your MySQL 8.0 license agreement or contact your Oracle sales representative.
For notes detailing the changes in each release, see the MySQL 8.0 Release Notes.
For legal information, see the Legal Notices.
For help with using MySQL, please visit either the MySQL Forums or MySQL Mailing Lists, where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users.
For additional documentation on MySQL products, including translations of the documentation into other languages, and downloadable versions in variety of formats, including HTML and PDF formats, see the MySQL Documentation Library.
Licensing information—MySQL 8.0. This product may include third-party software, used under license. If you are using a Community release of MySQL 8.0, see this document for licensing information, including licensing information relating to third-party software that may be included in this Community release.
Document generated on: 2017-07-17 (revision: 52960)
Table of Contents [+/-]
- Preface and Legal Notices
- 1 General Information [+/-]
- 1.1 About This Manual
- 1.2 Typographical and Syntax Conventions
- 1.3 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System [+/-]
- 1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.0
- 1.5 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in MySQL 8.0
- 1.6 MySQL Information Sources [+/-]
- 1.7 How to Report Bugs or Problems
- 1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance [+/-]
- 1.9 Credits [+/-]
- 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL [+/-]
- 2.1 General Installation Guidance [+/-]
- 2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
- 2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows [+/-]
- 2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows
- 2.3.2 Choosing An Installation Package
- 2.3.3 MySQL Installer for Windows
- 2.3.4 MySQL Notifier
- 2.3.5 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive
- 2.3.6 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation
- 2.3.7 Windows Postinstallation Procedures
- 2.3.8 Upgrading MySQL on Windows
- 2.4 Installing MySQL on OS X [+/-]
- 2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux [+/-]
- 2.5.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository
- 2.5.2 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository
- 2.5.3 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository
- 2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle
- 2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle
- 2.5.6 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories
- 2.5.7 Installing MySQL on Linux with docker
- 2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux with juju
- 2.5.9 Managing MySQL Server with systemd
- 2.6 Installing MySQL on Solaris [+/-]
- 2.7 Installing MySQL on FreeBSD
- 2.8 Installing MySQL from Source [+/-]
- 2.8.1 MySQL Layout for Source Installation
- 2.8.2 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution
- 2.8.3 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree
- 2.8.4 MySQL Source-Configuration Options
- 2.8.5 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
- 2.8.6 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools
- 2.8.7 Generating MySQL Doxygen Documentation Content
- 2.9 Postinstallation Setup and Testing [+/-]
- 2.10 Upgrading or Downgrading MySQL [+/-]
- 2.11 Perl Installation Notes [+/-]
- 3 Tutorial [+/-]
- 3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
- 3.2 Entering Queries
- 3.3 Creating and Using a Database [+/-]
- 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables
- 3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode
- 3.6 Examples of Common Queries [+/-]
- 3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column
- 3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
- 3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group
- 3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column
- 3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables
- 3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys
- 3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys
- 3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day
- 3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT
- 3.7 Using MySQL with Apache
- 4 MySQL Programs [+/-]
- 4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs
- 4.2 Using MySQL Programs [+/-]
- 4.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs
- 4.2.2 Connecting to the MySQL Server
- 4.2.3 Specifying Program Options
- 4.2.4 Using Options on the Command Line
- 4.2.5 Program Option Modifiers
- 4.2.6 Using Option Files
- 4.2.7 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling
- 4.2.8 Using Options to Set Program Variables
- 4.2.9 Option Defaults, Options Expecting Values, and the = Sign
- 4.2.10 Setting Environment Variables
- 4.3 MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs [+/-]
- 4.4 MySQL Installation-Related Programs [+/-]
- 4.5 MySQL Client Programs [+/-]
- 4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool
- 4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server
- 4.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program
- 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
- 4.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
- 4.5.6 mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program
- 4.5.7 mysqlsh — The MySQL Shell
- 4.5.8 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
- 4.5.9 mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client
- 4.6 MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs [+/-]
- 4.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility
- 4.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility
- 4.6.3 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
- 4.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
- 4.6.5 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
- 4.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
- 4.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility
- 4.6.8 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
- 4.6.9 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files
- 4.7 MySQL Program Development Utilities [+/-]
- 4.8 Miscellaneous Programs [+/-]
- 4.9 MySQL Program Environment Variables
- 5 MySQL Server Administration [+/-]
- 5.1 The MySQL Server [+/-]
- 5.1.1 Configuring the Server
- 5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults
- 5.1.3 Server Option and Variable Reference
- 5.1.4 Server Command Options
- 5.1.5 Server System Variables
- 5.1.6 Using System Variables
- 5.1.7 Server Status Variables
- 5.1.8 Server SQL Modes
- 5.1.9 IPv6 Support
- 5.1.10 Server-Side Help
- 5.1.11 Server Response to Signals
- 5.1.12 The Server Shutdown Process
- 5.2 The MySQL Data Directory
- 5.3 The mysql System Database
- 5.4 MySQL Server Logs [+/-]
- 5.5 MySQL Server Components
- 5.6 MySQL Server Plugins [+/-]
- 5.7 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine [+/-]
- 6 Security [+/-]
- 6.1 General Security Issues [+/-]
- 6.2 The MySQL Access Privilege System [+/-]
- 6.2.1 Privileges Provided by MySQL
- 6.2.2 Static Versus Dynamic Privileges
- 6.2.3 Grant Tables
- 6.2.4 Specifying Account Names
- 6.2.5 Specifying Role Names
- 6.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
- 6.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
- 6.2.8 When Privilege Changes Take Effect
- 6.2.9 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL
- 6.3 MySQL User Account Management [+/-]
- 6.3.1 User Names and Passwords
- 6.3.2 Adding User Accounts
- 6.3.3 Removing User Accounts
- 6.3.4 Using Roles
- 6.3.5 Reserved User Accounts
- 6.3.6 Setting Account Resource Limits
- 6.3.7 Assigning Account Passwords
- 6.3.8 Password Expiration Policy
- 6.3.9 Password Expiration and Sandbox Mode
- 6.3.10 Pluggable Authentication
- 6.3.11 Proxy Users
- 6.3.12 User Account Locking
- 6.3.13 SQL-Based MySQL Account Activity Auditing
- 6.4 Using Secure Connections [+/-]
- 6.4.1 OpenSSL Versus yaSSL
- 6.4.2 Building MySQL with Support for Secure Connections
- 6.4.3 Secure Connection Protocols and Ciphers
- 6.4.4 Configuring MySQL to Use Secure Connections
- 6.4.5 Command Options for Secure Connections
- 6.4.6 Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys
- 6.4.7 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH
- 6.5 Security Plugins [+/-]
- 7 Backup and Recovery [+/-]
- 8 Optimization [+/-]
- 8.1 Optimization Overview
- 8.2 Optimizing SQL Statements [+/-]
- 8.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements
- 8.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
- 8.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries
- 8.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries
- 8.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements
- 8.2.6 Optimizing Database Privileges
- 8.2.7 Other Optimization Tips
- 8.3 Optimization and Indexes [+/-]
- 8.3.1 How MySQL Uses Indexes
- 8.3.2 Using Primary Keys
- 8.3.3 Using Foreign Keys
- 8.3.4 Column Indexes
- 8.3.5 Multiple-Column Indexes
- 8.3.6 Verifying Index Usage
- 8.3.7 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
- 8.3.8 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes
- 8.3.9 Use of Index Extensions
- 8.3.10 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes
- 8.3.11 Invisible Indexes
- 8.3.12 Descending Indexes
- 8.4 Optimizing Database Structure [+/-]
- 8.5 Optimizing for InnoDB Tables [+/-]
- 8.5.1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables
- 8.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management
- 8.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions
- 8.5.4 Optimizing InnoDB Redo Logging
- 8.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables
- 8.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries
- 8.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations
- 8.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O
- 8.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables
- 8.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables
- 8.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables [+/-]
- 8.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables
- 8.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan [+/-]
- 8.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer [+/-]
- 8.10 Buffering and Caching [+/-]
- 8.11 Optimizing Locking Operations [+/-]
- 8.12 Optimizing the MySQL Server [+/-]
- 8.13 Measuring Performance (Benchmarking) [+/-]
- 8.14 Examining Thread Information [+/-]
- 9 Language Structure [+/-]
- 10 Globalization [+/-]
- 10.1 Character Set Support [+/-]
- 10.1.1 Character Sets and Collations in General
- 10.1.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
- 10.1.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations
- 10.1.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations
- 10.1.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation
- 10.1.6 Error Message Character Set
- 10.1.7 Column Character Set Conversion
- 10.1.8 Collation Issues
- 10.1.9 Unicode Support
- 10.1.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations
- 10.2 Setting the Error Message Language
- 10.3 Adding a Character Set [+/-]
- 10.4 Adding a Collation to a Character Set [+/-]
- 10.5 Character Set Configuration
- 10.6 MySQL Server Time Zone Support [+/-]
- 10.7 MySQL Server Locale Support
- 11 Data Types [+/-]
- 11.1 Data Type Overview [+/-]
- 11.2 Numeric Types [+/-]
- 11.2.1 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT
- 11.2.2 Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value) - DECIMAL, NUMERIC
- 11.2.3 Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value) - FLOAT, DOUBLE
- 11.2.4 Bit-Value Type - BIT
- 11.2.5 Numeric Type Attributes
- 11.2.6 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling
- 11.3 Date and Time Types [+/-]
- 11.3.1 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types
- 11.3.2 The TIME Type
- 11.3.3 The YEAR Type
- 11.3.4 Migrating YEAR(2) Columns to YEAR(4)
- 11.3.5 Automatic Initialization and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME
- 11.3.6 Fractional Seconds in Time Values
- 11.3.7 Conversion Between Date and Time Types
- 11.3.8 Two-Digit Years in Dates
- 11.4 String Types [+/-]
- 11.5 Extensions for Spatial Data [+/-]
- 11.5.1 Spatial Data Types
- 11.5.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model
- 11.5.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats
- 11.5.4 Geometry Well-Formedness and Validity
- 11.5.5 Creating Spatial Columns
- 11.5.6 Populating Spatial Columns
- 11.5.7 Fetching Spatial Data
- 11.5.8 Optimizing Spatial Analysis
- 11.5.9 Creating Spatial Indexes
- 11.5.10 Using Spatial Indexes
- 11.6 The JSON Data Type
- 11.7 Data Type Default Values
- 11.8 Data Type Storage Requirements
- 11.9 Choosing the Right Type for a Column
- 11.10 Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
- 12 Functions and Operators [+/-]
- 12.1 Function and Operator Reference
- 12.2 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
- 12.3 Operators [+/-]
- 12.4 Control Flow Functions
- 12.5 String Functions [+/-]
- 12.6 Numeric Functions and Operators [+/-]
- 12.7 Date and Time Functions
- 12.8 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
- 12.9 Full-Text Search Functions [+/-]
- 12.9.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches
- 12.9.2 Boolean Full-Text Searches
- 12.9.3 Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
- 12.9.4 Full-Text Stopwords
- 12.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions
- 12.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
- 12.9.7 Adding a Collation for Full-Text Indexing
- 12.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser
- 12.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin
- 12.10 Cast Functions and Operators
- 12.11 XML Functions
- 12.12 Bit Functions and Operators
- 12.13 Encryption and Compression Functions
- 12.14 Information Functions
- 12.15 Spatial Analysis Functions [+/-]
- 12.15.1 Spatial Function Reference
- 12.15.2 Argument Handling by Spatial Functions
- 12.15.3 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKT Values
- 12.15.4 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKB Values
- 12.15.5 MySQL-Specific Functions That Create Geometry Values
- 12.15.6 Geometry Format Conversion Functions
- 12.15.7 Geometry Property Functions
- 12.15.8 Spatial Operator Functions
- 12.15.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects
- 12.15.10 Spatial Geohash Functions
- 12.15.11 Spatial GeoJSON Functions
- 12.15.12 Spatial Convenience Functions
- 12.16 JSON Functions [+/-]
- 12.17 Functions Used with Global Transaction IDs
- 12.18 Aggregate (GROUP BY) Functions [+/-]
- 12.19 Window Functions [+/-]
- 12.20 Internal Functions
- 12.21 Miscellaneous Functions
- 12.22 Precision Math [+/-]
- 13 SQL Statement Syntax [+/-]
- 13.1 Data Definition Statements [+/-]
- 13.1.1 ALTER DATABASE Syntax
- 13.1.2 ALTER EVENT Syntax
- 13.1.3 ALTER FUNCTION Syntax
- 13.1.4 ALTER INSTANCE Syntax
- 13.1.5 ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax
- 13.1.6 ALTER SERVER Syntax
- 13.1.7 ALTER TABLE Syntax
- 13.1.8 ALTER VIEW Syntax
- 13.1.9 CREATE DATABASE Syntax
- 13.1.10 CREATE EVENT Syntax
- 13.1.11 CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
- 13.1.12 CREATE INDEX Syntax
- 13.1.13 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
- 13.1.14 CREATE SERVER Syntax
- 13.1.15 CREATE TABLE Syntax
- 13.1.16 CREATE TABLESPACE Syntax
- 13.1.17 CREATE TRIGGER Syntax
- 13.1.18 CREATE VIEW Syntax
- 13.1.19 DROP DATABASE Syntax
- 13.1.20 DROP EVENT Syntax
- 13.1.21 DROP FUNCTION Syntax
- 13.1.22 DROP INDEX Syntax
- 13.1.23 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax
- 13.1.24 DROP SERVER Syntax
- 13.1.25 DROP TABLE Syntax
- 13.1.26 DROP TABLESPACE Syntax
- 13.1.27 DROP TRIGGER Syntax
- 13.1.28 DROP VIEW Syntax
- 13.1.29 RENAME TABLE Syntax
- 13.1.30 TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax
- 13.2 Data Manipulation Statements [+/-]
- 13.3 Transactional and Locking Statements [+/-]
- 13.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax
- 13.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
- 13.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
- 13.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Syntax
- 13.3.5 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax
- 13.3.6 SET TRANSACTION Syntax
- 13.3.7 XA Transactions
- 13.4 Replication Statements [+/-]
- 13.5 Prepared SQL Statement Syntax [+/-]
- 13.6 Compound-Statement Syntax [+/-]
- 13.7 Database Administration Statements [+/-]
- 13.8 Utility Statements [+/-]
- 14 MySQL Data Dictionary [+/-]
- 15 The InnoDB Storage Engine [+/-]
- 15.1 Introduction to InnoDB [+/-]
- 15.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model
- 15.3 InnoDB Multi-Versioning
- 15.4 InnoDB Architecture [+/-]
- 15.5 InnoDB Locking and Transaction Model [+/-]
- 15.6 InnoDB Configuration [+/-]
- 15.6.1 InnoDB Startup Configuration
- 15.6.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation
- 15.6.3 InnoDB Buffer Pool Configuration
- 15.6.4 Configuring InnoDB Change Buffering
- 15.6.5 Configuring Thread Concurrency for InnoDB
- 15.6.6 Configuring the Number of Background InnoDB I/O Threads
- 15.6.7 Using Asynchronous I/O on Linux
- 15.6.8 Configuring the InnoDB Master Thread I/O Rate
- 15.6.9 Configuring Spin Lock Polling
- 15.6.10 Configuring InnoDB Purge Scheduling
- 15.6.11 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB
- 15.6.12 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages
- 15.7 InnoDB Tablespaces [+/-]
- 15.7.1 Resizing the InnoDB System Tablespace
- 15.7.2 Changing the Number or Size of InnoDB Redo Log Files
- 15.7.3 Using Raw Disk Partitions for the System Tablespace
- 15.7.4 InnoDB File-Per-Table Tablespaces
- 15.7.5 Creating File-Per-Table Tablespaces Outside the Data Directory
- 15.7.6 Copying File-Per-Table Tablespaces to Another Instance
- 15.7.7 Storing InnoDB Undo Logs in Separate Tablespaces
- 15.7.8 Truncating Undo Logs That Reside in Undo Tablespaces
- 15.7.9 InnoDB General Tablespaces
- 15.7.10 InnoDB Tablespace Encryption
- 15.8 InnoDB Tables and Indexes [+/-]
- 15.9 InnoDB Table and Page Compression [+/-]
- 15.10 InnoDB Row Storage and Row Formats [+/-]
- 15.11 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management [+/-]
- 15.12 InnoDB and Online DDL [+/-]
- 15.12.1 Online DDL Overview
- 15.12.2 Online DDL Performance, Concurrency, and Space Requirements
- 15.12.3 Online DDL SQL Syntax
- 15.12.4 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL
- 15.12.5 Online DDL Implementation Details
- 15.12.6 Online DDL and Crash Recovery
- 15.12.7 Online DDL for Partitioned Tables
- 15.12.8 Online DDL Limitations
- 15.13 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
- 15.14 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables [+/-]
- 15.14.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about Compression
- 15.14.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking Information
- 15.14.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA System Tables
- 15.14.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables
- 15.14.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables
- 15.14.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table
- 15.14.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Information Table
- 15.14.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
- 15.15 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema [+/-]
- 15.16 InnoDB Monitors [+/-]
- 15.17 InnoDB Backup and Recovery [+/-]
- 15.18 InnoDB and MySQL Replication
- 15.19 InnoDB memcached Plugin [+/-]
- 15.19.1 Benefits of the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 15.19.2 InnoDB memcached Architecture
- 15.19.3 Setting Up the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 15.19.4 InnoDB memcached Multiple get and Range Query Support
- 15.19.5 Security Considerations for the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 15.19.6 Writing Applications for the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 15.19.7 The InnoDB memcached Plugin and Replication
- 15.19.8 InnoDB memcached Plugin Internals
- 15.19.9 Troubleshooting the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 15.20 InnoDB Troubleshooting [+/-]
- 16 Alternative Storage Engines [+/-]
- 16.1 Setting the Storage Engine
- 16.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine [+/-]
- 16.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine
- 16.4 The CSV Storage Engine [+/-]
- 16.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
- 16.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
- 16.7 The MERGE Storage Engine [+/-]
- 16.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine [+/-]
- 16.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
- 16.10 Other Storage Engines
- 16.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture [+/-]
- 17 High Availability and Scalability [+/-]
- 18 Replication [+/-]
- 18.1 Configuring Replication [+/-]
- 18.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview
- 18.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication
- 18.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers
- 18.1.4 MySQL Multi-Source Replication
- 18.1.5 Changing Replication Modes on Online Servers
- 18.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables
- 18.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks
- 18.2 Replication Implementation [+/-]
- 18.3 Replication Solutions [+/-]
- 18.3.1 Using Replication for Backups
- 18.3.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replication Slave
- 18.3.3 Monitoring Row-based Replication
- 18.3.4 Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines
- 18.3.5 Using Replication for Scale-Out
- 18.3.6 Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves
- 18.3.7 Improving Replication Performance
- 18.3.8 Switching Masters During Failover
- 18.3.9 Setting Up Replication to Use Secure Connections
- 18.3.10 Semisynchronous Replication
- 18.3.11 Delayed Replication
- 18.4 Replication Notes and Tips [+/-]
- 19 MySQL Shell User Guide [+/-]
- 20 Using MySQL as a Document Store [+/-]
- 21 Group Replication [+/-]
- 21.1 Group Replication Background [+/-]
- 21.2 Getting Started [+/-]
- 21.3 Monitoring Group Replication [+/-]
- 21.4 Group Replication Operations [+/-]
- 21.5 Group Replication Security [+/-]
- 21.6 Group Replication System Variables
- 21.7 Requirements and Limitations [+/-]
- 21.8 Frequently Asked Questions
- 21.9 Group Replication Technical Details [+/-]
- 22 Partitioning [+/-]
- 23 Stored Programs and Views [+/-]
- 24 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables [+/-]
- 24.1 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table
- 24.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table
- 24.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table
- 24.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table
- 24.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table
- 24.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_STATISTICS Table
- 24.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table
- 24.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table
- 24.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table
- 24.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table
- 24.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA OPTIMIZER_TRACE Table
- 24.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table
- 24.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table
- 24.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table
- 24.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table
- 24.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table
- 24.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table
- 24.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table
- 24.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table
- 24.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table
- 24.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table
- 24.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS Table
- 24.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table
- 24.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table
- 24.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES Table
- 24.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table
- 24.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table
- 24.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table
- 24.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table
- 24.30 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table
- 24.31 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables [+/-]
- 24.31.1 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table
- 24.31.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table
- 24.31.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table
- 24.31.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES Table
- 24.31.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables
- 24.31.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables
- 24.31.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables
- 24.31.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table
- 24.31.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table
- 24.31.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table
- 24.31.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table
- 24.31.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table
- 24.31.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table
- 24.31.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCKS Table
- 24.31.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCK_WAITS Table
- 24.31.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table
- 24.31.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS Table
- 24.31.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES Table
- 24.31.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FIELDS Table
- 24.31.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN Table
- 24.31.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS Table
- 24.31.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_INDEXES Table
- 24.31.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLES Table
- 24.31.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES Table
- 24.31.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS View
- 24.31.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL Table
- 24.31.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table
- 24.31.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table
- 24.32 Connection-Control INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables [+/-]
- 24.33 Extensions to SHOW Statements
- 25 MySQL Performance Schema [+/-]
- 25.1 Performance Schema Quick Start
- 25.2 Performance Schema Build Configuration
- 25.3 Performance Schema Startup Configuration
- 25.4 Performance Schema Runtime Configuration [+/-]
- 25.4.1 Performance Schema Event Timing
- 25.4.2 Performance Schema Event Filtering
- 25.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering
- 25.4.4 Pre-Filtering by Instrument
- 25.4.5 Pre-Filtering by Object
- 25.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread
- 25.4.7 Pre-Filtering by Consumer
- 25.4.8 Example Consumer Configurations
- 25.4.9 Naming Instruments or Consumers for Filtering Operations
- 25.4.10 Determining What Is Instrumented
- 25.5 Performance Schema Queries
- 25.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions
- 25.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring
- 25.8 Performance Schema Atom and Molecule Events
- 25.9 Performance Schema Statement Digests
- 25.10 Performance Schema General Table Characteristics
- 25.11 Performance Schema Table Descriptions [+/-]
- 25.11.1 Performance Schema Table Index
- 25.11.2 Performance Schema Setup Tables
- 25.11.3 Performance Schema Instance Tables
- 25.11.4 Performance Schema Wait Event Tables
- 25.11.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables
- 25.11.6 Performance Schema Statement Event Tables
- 25.11.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables
- 25.11.8 Performance Schema Connection Tables
- 25.11.9 Performance Schema Connection Attribute Tables
- 25.11.10 Performance Schema User Variable Tables
- 25.11.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables
- 25.11.12 Performance Schema Lock Tables
- 25.11.13 Performance Schema System Variable Tables
- 25.11.14 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables
- 25.11.15 Performance Schema Summary Tables
- 25.11.16 Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables
- 25.12 Performance Schema Option and Variable Reference
- 25.13 Performance Schema Command Options
- 25.14 Performance Schema System Variables
- 25.15 Performance Schema Status Variables
- 25.16 The Performance Schema Memory-Allocation Model
- 25.17 Performance Schema and Plugins
- 25.18 Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems [+/-]
- 26 MySQL sys Schema [+/-]
- 27 Connectors and APIs [+/-]
- 27.1 MySQL Connector/C
- 27.2 MySQL Connector/C++
- 27.3 MySQL Connector/J
- 27.4 MySQL Connector/Net
- 27.5 MySQL Connector/ODBC
- 27.6 MySQL Connector/Python
- 27.7 MySQL C API [+/-]
- 27.7.1 MySQL C API Implementations
- 27.7.2 Simultaneous MySQL Server and Connector/C Installations
- 27.7.3 Example C API Client Programs
- 27.7.4 Building and Running C API Client Programs
- 27.7.5 C API Data Structures
- 27.7.6 C API Function Overview
- 27.7.7 C API Function Descriptions
- 27.7.8 C API Prepared Statements
- 27.7.9 C API Prepared Statement Data Structures
- 27.7.10 C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
- 27.7.11 C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
- 27.7.12 C API Threaded Function Descriptions
- 27.7.13 C API Client Plugin Functions
- 27.7.14 C API Binary Log Interface
- 27.7.15 C API Binary Log Data Structures
- 27.7.16 C API Binary Log Function Overview
- 27.7.17 C API Binary Log Function Descriptions
- 27.7.18 Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API
- 27.7.19 Controlling Automatic Reconnection Behavior
- 27.7.20 C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution
- 27.7.21 C API Prepared Statement Problems
- 27.7.22 C API Prepared Statement Handling of Date and Time Values
- 27.7.23 C API Support for Prepared CALL Statements
- 27.8 MySQL PHP API
- 27.9 MySQL Perl API
- 27.10 MySQL Python API
- 27.11 MySQL Ruby APIs [+/-]
- 27.12 MySQL Tcl API
- 27.13 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
- 28 Extending MySQL [+/-]
- 29 MySQL Enterprise Edition [+/-]
- 30 MySQL Workbench
- A MySQL 8.0 Frequently Asked Questions [+/-]
- A.1 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: General
- A.2 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Storage Engines
- A.3 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Server SQL Mode
- A.4 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions
- A.5 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Triggers
- A.6 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Views
- A.7 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA
- A.8 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Migration
- A.9 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Security
- A.10 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: MySQL Cluster
- A.11 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets
- A.12 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Connectors & APIs
- A.13 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Replication
- A.14 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: InnoDB Change Buffer
- A.15 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: InnoDB Tablespace Encryption
- A.16 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Virtualization Support
- B Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems [+/-]
- C Restrictions and Limits [+/-]
- C.1 Restrictions on Stored Programs
- C.2 Restrictions on Condition Handling
- C.3 Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors
- C.4 Restrictions on Subqueries
- C.5 Restrictions on Views
- C.6 Restrictions on XA Transactions
- C.7 Restrictions on Character Sets
- C.8 Restrictions on Performance Schema
- C.9 Restrictions on Pluggable Authentication
- C.10 Limits in MySQL [+/-]
- D Indexes [+/-]
- MySQL Glossary
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