A wave of citizen journalism swept Libya in the months following media predator Muammar Gaddafi’s overthrow in 2011 but the new-found enthusiasm was brought to an early end by the decline in the political and security situation. The open conflict between rival governments in Tobruk in the east and Tripoli in the west from 2014 onwards resulted in climate of complete impunity for crimes of violence and abuses against professional and non-professional journalists.