Chapter 4 NDB Cluster Installation and Upgrades

This section covers the steps necessary to install the correct executables for each type of Cluster node from precompiled binaries supplied by Oracle.

For setting up a cluster using precompiled binaries, the first step in the installation process for each cluster host is to download the latest NDB Cluster 7.2 binary archive (mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.27-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz) from the NDB Cluster downloads area. We assume that you have placed this file in each machine's /var/tmp directory. (If you do require a custom binary, see Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree.)

SQL nodes.  On each of the machines designated to host SQL nodes, perform the following steps as the system root user:

Remember that the preceding steps must be repeated on each machine where an SQL node is to reside.

Data nodes.  Installation of the data nodes does not require the mysqld binary. Only the NDB Cluster data node executable ndbd (single-threaded) or ndbmtd (multi-threaded) is required. These binaries can also be found in the .tar.gz archive. Again, we assume that you have placed this archive in /var/tmp.

As system root (that is, after using sudo, su root, or your system's equivalent for temporarily assuming the system administrator account's privileges), perform the following steps to install the data node binaries on the data node hosts:

The preceding steps should be repeated on each data node host.

Although only one of the data node executables is required to run an NDB Cluster data node, we have shown you how to install both ndbd and ndbmtd in the preceding instructions. We recommend that you do this when installing or upgrading NDB Cluster, even if you plan to use only one of them, since this will save time and trouble in the event that you later decide to change from one to the other.

Management nodes.  Installation of the management node does not require the mysqld binary. Only the NDB Cluster management server (ndb_mgmd) is required; you most likely want to install the management client (ndb_mgm) as well. Both of these binaries also be found in the .tar.gz archive. Again, we assume that you have placed this archive in /var/tmp.

As system root, perform the following steps to install ndb_mgmd and ndb_mgm on the management node host:

In Section 4.3, “Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster”, we create configuration files for all of the nodes in our example NDB Cluster.

This section covers the steps necessary to install the correct executables for each type of NDB Cluster node using RPM packages supplied by Oracle.

RPMs are available for both 32-bit and 64-bit Linux platforms. The filenames for these RPMs use the following pattern:

MySQL-Cluster-component-producttype-ndbversion.distribution.architecture.rpm
component:= {server | client [| other]}
producttype:= {gpl | advanced}
ndbversion:= major.minor.release
distribution:= {sles10 | rhel5 | el6}
architecture:= {i386 | x86_64}

The component can be server or client. (Other values are possible, but since only the server and client components are required for a working NDB Cluster installation, we do not discuss them here.) The producttype for Community RPMs downloaded from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/ is always gpl; advanced is used to indicate commercial releases. ndbversion represents the three-part NDB storage engine version number in 7.2.x format. The distribution can be one of sles11 (SUSE Enterprise Linux 11), rhel5 (Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and 5), or el6 (Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6) The architecture is i386 for 32-bit RPMs and x86_64 for 64-bit versions.

For an NDB Cluster, one and possibly two RPMs are required:

The NDB Cluster version number in the RPM file names (shown here as 7.2.27) can vary according to the version which you are actually using. It is very important that all of the Cluster RPMs to be installed have the same version number. The architecture designation should be appropriate to the machine on which the RPM is to be installed; in particular, you should keep in mind that 64-bit RPMs cannot be used with 32-bit operating systems.

Data nodes.  On a computer that is to host a cluster data node it is necessary to install only the server RPM. To do so, copy this RPM to the data node host, and run the following command as the system root user, replacing the name shown for the RPM as necessary to match that of the RPM downloaded from the MySQL web site:

shell> rpm -Uhv MySQL-Cluster-server-gpl-7.2.27-1.sles11.i386.rpm

Although this installs all NDB Cluster binaries, only the program ndbd or ndbmtd (both in /usr/sbin) is actually needed to run an NDB Cluster data node.

SQL nodes.  On each machine to be used for hosting a cluster SQL node, install the server RPM by executing the following command as the system root user, replacing the name shown for the RPM as necessary to match the name of the RPM downloaded from the MySQL web site:

shell> rpm -Uhv MySQL-Cluster-server-gpl-7.2.27-1.sles11.i386.rpm

This installs the MySQL server binary (mysqld) with NDB storage engine support in the /usr/sbin directory, as well as all needed MySQL Server support files. It also installs the mysql.server and mysqld_safe startup scripts (in /usr/share/mysql and /usr/bin, respectively). The RPM installer should take care of general configuration issues (such as creating the mysql user and group, if needed) automatically.

To administer the SQL node (MySQL server), you should also install the client RPM, as shown here:

shell> rpm -Uhv MySQL-Cluster-client-gpl-7.2.27-1.sles11.i386.rpm

This installs the mysql client program.

Management nodes.  To install the NDB Cluster management server, it is necessary only to use the server RPM. Copy this RPM to the computer intended to host the management node, and then install it by running the following command as the system root user (replace the name shown for the RPM as necessary to match that of the server RPM downloaded from the MySQL web site):

shell> rpm -Uhv MySQL-Cluster-server-gpl-7.2.27-1.sles11.i386.rpm

Although this RPM installs many other files, only the management server binary ndb_mgmd (in the /usr/sbin directory) is actually required for running a management node. The server RPM also installs ndb_mgm, the NDB management client.

See Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages, for general information about installing MySQL using RPMs supplied by Oracle.

After installing from RPM, you still need to configure the cluster as discussed in Section 4.3, “Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster”.

The section provides information about installing NDB Cluster on Debian and related Linux distributions such Ubuntu using the .deb files supplied by Oracle for this purpose.

Oracle provides .deb installer files for NDB Cluster 7.2 for 32-bit and 64-bit platforms. For a Debian-based system, only a single installer file is necessary. This file is named using the pattern shown here, according to the applicable NDB Cluster version, Debian version, and architecture:

mysql-cluster-gpl-ndbver-debiandebianver-arch.deb

Here, ndbver is the 3-part NDB engine version number, debianver is the major version of Debian (for NDB Cluster 7.2, this is always 6.0), and arch is one of i686 or x86_64. In the examples that follow, we assume you wish to install NDB 7.2.21 on a 64-bit Debian 6 system; in this case, the installer file is named mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.21-debian6.0-x86_64.deb.

Once you have downloaded the appropriate .deb file, you can install it from the command line using dpkg, like this:

shell> dpkg -i mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.21-debian6.0-i686.deb

You can also remove it using dpkg as shown here:

shell> dpkg -r mysql

The installer file should also be compatible with most graphical package managers that work with .deb files, such as GDebi for the Gnome desktop.

The .deb file installs NDB Cluster under /opt/mysql/server-version/, where version is the 2-part release series version for the included MySQL server. For NDB Cluster 7.2, this is always 5.5. The directory layout is the same as that for the generic Linux binary distribution (see MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package), with the exception that startup scripts and configuration files are found in support-files instead of share. All NDB Cluster executables, such as ndb_mgm, ndbd, and ndb_mgmd, are placed in the bin directory.

This section provides information about compiling NDB Cluster on Linux and other Unix-like platforms. Building NDB Cluster from source is similar to building the standard MySQL Server, although it differs in a few key respects discussed here. For general information about building MySQL from source, see Installing MySQL from Source. For information about compiling NDB Cluster on Windows platforms, see Section 4.2.2, “Compiling and Installing NDB Cluster from Source on Windows”.

Building NDB Cluster requires using the NDB Cluster sources. These are available from the NDB Cluster downloads page at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/. The archived source file should have a name similar to mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.27.tar.gz. You can also obtain MySQL development sources from launchpad.net. Attempting to build NDB Cluster from standard MySQL Server 5.5 sources is not supported.

The WITH_NDBCLUSTER_STORAGE_ENGINE option for CMake causes the binaries for the management nodes, data nodes, and other NDB Cluster programs to be built; it also causes mysqld to be compiled with NDB storage engine support. This option (or its alias WITH_NDBCLUSTER) is required when building NDB Cluster.

For more information about CMake options specific to building NDB Cluster, see Options for Compiling NDB Cluster.

After you have run make && make install (or your system's equivalent), the result is similar to what is obtained by unpacking a precompiled binary to the same location.

Management nodes.  When building from source and running the default make install, the management server and management client binaries (ndb_mgmd and ndb_mgm) can be found in /usr/local/mysql/bin. Only ndb_mgmd is required to be present on a management node host; however, it is also a good idea to have ndb_mgm present on the same host machine. Neither of these executables requires a specific location on the host machine's file system.

Data nodes.  The only executable required on a data node host is the data node binary ndbd or ndbmtd. (mysqld, for example, does not have to be present on the host machine.) By default, when building from source, this file is placed in the directory /usr/local/mysql/bin. For installing on multiple data node hosts, only ndbd or ndbmtd need be copied to the other host machine or machines. (This assumes that all data node hosts use the same architecture and operating system; otherwise you may need to compile separately for each different platform.) The data node binary need not be in any particular location on the host's file system, as long as the location is known.

When compiling NDB Cluster from source, no special options are required for building multi-threaded data node binaries. Configuring the build with NDB storage engine support causes ndbmtd to be built automatically; make install places the ndbmtd binary in the installation bin directory along with mysqld, ndbd, and ndb_mgm.

SQL nodes.  If you compile MySQL with clustering support, and perform the default installation (using make install as the system root user), mysqld is placed in /usr/local/mysql/bin. Follow the steps given in Installing MySQL from Source to make mysqld ready for use. If you want to run multiple SQL nodes, you can use a copy of the same mysqld executable and its associated support files on several machines. The easiest way to do this is to copy the entire /usr/local/mysql directory and all directories and files contained within it to the other SQL node host or hosts, then repeat the steps from Installing MySQL from Source on each machine. If you configure the build with a nondefault PREFIX option, you must adjust the directory accordingly.

In Section 4.3, “Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster”, we create configuration files for all of the nodes in our example NDB Cluster.

This section describes a basic installation of NDB Cluster on Windows using a binary no-install NDB Cluster release provided by Oracle, using the same 4-node setup outlined in the beginning of this section (see Chapter 4, NDB Cluster Installation and Upgrades), as shown in the following table:

As on other platforms, the NDB Cluster host computer running an SQL node must have installed on it a MySQL Server binary (mysqld.exe). You should also have the MySQL client (mysql.exe) on this host. For management nodes and data nodes, it is not necessary to install the MySQL Server binary; however, each management node requires the management server daemon (ndb_mgmd.exe); each data node requires the data node daemon (ndbd.exe or ndbmtd.exe). For this example, we refer to ndbd.exe as the data node executable, but you can install ndbmtd.exe, the multi-threaded version of this program, instead, in exactly the same way. You should also install the management client (ndb_mgm.exe) on the management server host. This section covers the steps necessary to install the correct Windows binaries for each type of NDB Cluster node.

For setting up an NDB Cluster using Oracles's no-install binaries, the first step in the installation process is to download the latest NDB Cluster Windows binary archive from http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/. This archive has a filename of the form mysql-cluster-gpl-noinstall-ver-winarch.zip, where ver is the NDB storage engine version (such as 7.2.1), and arch is the architecture (32 for 32-bit binaries, and 64 for 64-bit binaries). For example, the NDB 7.2.1 no-install archive for 32-bit Windows systems is named mysql-cluster-gpl-noinstall-7.2.1-win32.zip.

You can run 32-bit NDB Cluster binaries on both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows; however, 64-bit NDB Cluster binaries can be used only on 64-bit versions of Windows. If you are using a 32-bit version of Windows on a computer that has a 64-bit CPU, then you must use the 32-bit NDB Cluster binaries.

To minimize the number of files that need to be downloaded from the Internet or copied between machines, we start with the computer where you intend to run the SQL node.

SQL node.  We assume that you have placed a copy of the no-install archive in the directory C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\Downloads on the computer having the IP address 192.168.0.20, where username is the name of the current user. (You can obtain this name using ECHO %USERNAME% on the command line.) To install and run NDB Cluster executables as Windows services, this user should be a member of the Administrators group.

Extract all the files from the archive. The Extraction Wizard integrated with Windows Explorer is adequate for this task. (If you use a different archive program, be sure that it extracts all files and directories from the archive, and that it preserves the archive's directory structure.) When you are asked for a destination directory, enter C:\, which causes the Extraction Wizard to extract the archive to the directory C:\mysql-cluster-gpl-noinstall-ver-winarch. Rename this directory to C:\mysql.

It is possible to install the NDB Cluster binaries to directories other than C:\mysql\bin; however, if you do so, you must modify the paths shown in this procedure accordingly. In particular, if the MySQL Server (SQL node) binary is installed to a location other than C:\mysql or C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5, or if the SQL node's data directory is in a location other than C:\mysql\data or C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\data, extra configuration options must be used on the command line or added to the my.ini or my.cnf file when starting the SQL node. For more information about configuring a MySQL Server to run in a nonstandard location, see Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall Zip Archive.

For a MySQL Server with NDB Cluster support to run as part of an NDB Cluster, it must be started with the options --ndbcluster and --ndb-connectstring. While you can specify these options on the command line, it is usually more convenient to place them in an option file. To do this, create a new text file in Notepad or another text editor. Enter the following configuration information into this file:

[mysqld]
# Options for mysqld process:
ndbcluster                      # run NDB storage engine
ndb-connectstring=192.168.0.10  # location of management server

You can add other options used by this MySQL Server if desired (see Creating an Option File), but the file must contain the options shown, at a minimum. Save this file as C:\mysql\my.ini. This completes the installation and setup for the SQL node.

Data nodes.  An NDB Cluster data node on a Windows host requires only a single executable, one of either ndbd.exe or ndbmtd.exe. For this example, we assume that you are using ndbd.exe, but the same instructions apply when using ndbmtd.exe. On each computer where you wish to run a data node (the computers having the IP addresses 192.168.0.30 and 192.168.0.40), create the directories C:\mysql, C:\mysql\bin, and C:\mysql\cluster-data; then, on the computer where you downloaded and extracted the no-install archive, locate ndbd.exe in the C:\mysql\bin directory. Copy this file to the C:\mysql\bin directory on each of the two data node hosts.

To function as part of an NDB Cluster, each data node must be given the address or hostname of the management server. You can supply this information on the command line using the --ndb-connectstring or -c option when starting each data node process. However, it is usually preferable to put this information in an option file. To do this, create a new text file in Notepad or another text editor and enter the following text:

[mysql_cluster]
# Options for data node process:
ndb-connectstring=192.168.0.10  # location of management server

Save this file as C:\mysql\my.ini on the data node host. Create another text file containing the same information and save it on as C:mysql\my.ini on the other data node host, or copy the my.ini file from the first data node host to the second one, making sure to place the copy in the second data node's C:\mysql directory. Both data node hosts are now ready to be used in the NDB Cluster, which leaves only the management node to be installed and configured.

Management node.  The only executable program required on a computer used for hosting an NDB Cluster management node is the management server program ndb_mgmd.exe. However, in order to administer the NDB Cluster once it has been started, you should also install the NDB Cluster management client program ndb_mgm.exe on the same machine as the management server. Locate these two programs on the machine where you downloaded and extracted the no-install archive; this should be the directory C:\mysql\bin on the SQL node host. Create the directory C:\mysql\bin on the computer having the IP address 192.168.0.10, then copy both programs to this directory.

You should now create two configuration files for use by ndb_mgmd.exe:

DataDir=C:\mysql\bin\cluster-logs

DataDir=C:\\mysql\\bin\\cluster-logs  # Escaped backslashes

DataDir=C:/mysql/bin/cluster-logs     # Forward slashes

Oracle provides precompiled NDB Cluster binaries for Windows which should be adequate for most users. However, if you wish, it is also possible to compile NDB Cluster for Windows from source code. The procedure for doing this is almost identical to the procedure used to compile the standard MySQL Server binaries for Windows, and uses the same tools. However, there are two major differences:

For more information about CMake options specific to building NDB Cluster, see Options for Compiling NDB Cluster.

Once the build process is complete, you can create a Zip archive containing the compiled binaries; Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution provides the commands needed to perform this task on Windows systems. The NDB Cluster binaries can be found in the bin directory of the resulting archive, which is equivalent to the no-install archive, and which can be installed and configured in the same manner. For more information, see Section 4.2.1, “Installing NDB Cluster on Windows from a Binary Release”.

Once the NDB Cluster executables and needed configuration files are in place, performing an initial start of the cluster is simply a matter of starting the NDB Cluster executables for all nodes in the cluster. Each cluster node process must be started separately, and on the host computer where it resides. The management node should be started first, followed by the data nodes, and then finally by any SQL nodes.

You should now be ready to work with database objects and data using NDB Cluster's NDBCLUSTER storage engine. See Section 4.5, “NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data”, for more information and examples.

You can also install ndb_mgmd.exe, ndbd.exe, and ndbmtd.exe as Windows services. For information on how to do this, see Section 4.2.4, “Installing NDB Cluster Processes as Windows Services”).

Once you are satisfied that NDB Cluster is running as desired, you can install the management nodes and data nodes as Windows services, so that these processes are started and stopped automatically whenever Windows is started or stopped. This also makes it possible to control these processes from the command line with the appropriate NET START or NET STOP command, or using the Windows graphical Services utility.

Installing programs as Windows services usually must be done using an account that has Administrator rights on the system.

To install the management node as a service on Windows, invoke ndb_mgmd.exe from the command line on the machine hosting the management node, using the --install option, as shown here:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndb_mgmd.exe --install
Installing service 'NDB Cluster Management Server'
  as '"C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe" "--service=ndb_mgmd"'
Service successfully installed.

The --install option must be used first, ahead of any other options that might be specified for ndb_mgmd.exe. However, it is preferable to specify such options in an options file instead. If your options file is not in one of the default locations as shown in the output of ndb_mgmd.exe --help, you can specify the location using the --config-file option.

Now you should be able to start and stop the management server like this:

C:\> NET START ndb_mgmd
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP ndb_mgmd
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was stopped successfully.

You can also start or stop the management server as a Windows service using the descriptive name, as shown here:

C:\> NET START 'NDB Cluster Management Server'
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP  'NDB Cluster Management Server'
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was stopped successfully.

However, it is usually simpler to specify a short service name or to permit the default service name to be used when installing the service, and then reference that name when starting or stopping the service. To specify a service name other than ndb_mgmd, append it to the --install option, as shown in this example:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndb_mgmd.exe --install=mgmd1
Installing service 'NDB Cluster Management Server'
  as '"C:\mysql\bin\ndb_mgmd.exe" "--service=mgmd1"'
Service successfully installed.

Now you should be able to start or stop the service using the name you have specified, like this:

C:\> NET START mgmd1
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP mgmd1
The NDB Cluster Management Server service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Management Server service was stopped successfully.

To remove the management node service, invoke ndb_mgmd.exe with the --remove option, as shown here:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndb_mgmd.exe --remove
Removing service 'NDB Cluster Management Server'
Service successfully removed.

If you installed the service using a service name other than the default, you can remove the service by passing this name as the value of the --remove option, like this:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndb_mgmd.exe --remove=mgmd1
Removing service 'mgmd1'
Service successfully removed.

Installation of an NDB Cluster data node process as a Windows service can be done in a similar fashion, using the --install option for ndbd.exe (or ndbmtd.exe), as shown here:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe --install
Installing service 'NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon' as '"C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe" "--service=ndbd"'
Service successfully installed.

Now you can start or stop the data node using either the default service name or the descriptive name with net start or net stop, as shown in the following example:

C:\> NET START ndbd
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP ndbd
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was stopped successfully.
C:\> NET START 'NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon'
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP 'NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon'
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was stopped successfully.

To remove the data node service, invoke ndbd.exe with the --remove option, as shown here:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe --remove
Removing service 'NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon'
Service successfully removed.

As with ndb_mgmd.exe (and mysqld.exe), when installing ndbd.exe as a Windows service, you can also specify a name for the service as the value of --install, and then use it when starting or stopping the service, like this:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe --install=dnode1
Installing service 'dnode1' as '"C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe" "--service=dnode1"'
Service successfully installed.
C:\> NET START dnode1
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is starting.
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was started successfully.
C:\> NET STOP dnode1
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service is stopping..
The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon service was stopped successfully.

If you specified a service name when installing the data node service, you can use this name when removing it as well, by passing it as the value of the --remove option, as shown here:

C:\> C:\mysql\bin\ndbd.exe --remove=dnode1
Removing service 'dnode1'
Service successfully removed.

Installation of the SQL node as a Windows service, starting the service, stopping the service, and removing the service are done in a similar fashion, using mysqld --install, NET START, NET STOP, and mysqld --remove. For additional information, see Starting MySQL as a Windows Service.