# Django 1.8.18.dev20170123152445 documentation

# Django team

## The original team

Django originally started at World Online, the Web department of the Lawrence Journal-World of Lawrence, Kansas, USA.

Adrian Holovaty

  Adrian is a Web developer with a background in journalism. He’s known in journalism circles as one of the pioneers of “journalism via computer programming”, and in technical circles as “the guy who invented Django.”

  He was lead developer at World Online for 2.5 years, during which time Django was developed and implemented on World Online’s sites. He was the leader and founder of EveryBlock, a “news feed for your block.” He now develops Soundslice.

  Adrian lives in Chicago, USA.

Simon Willison

  Simon is a well-respected Web developer from England. He had a one-year internship at World Online, during which time he and Adrian developed Django from scratch. The most enthusiastic Brit you’ll ever meet, he’s passionate about best practices in Web development and maintains a well-read web-development blog.

  Simon lives in Brighton, England.

Jacob Kaplan-Moss
  Jacob is Director of Platform Security at Heroku. He worked at World Online for four years, where he helped open source Django and found the Django Software Foundation. Jacob lives on a hobby farm outside of Lawrence where he spends his weekends playing with dirt and power tools.
Wilson Miner

  Wilson’s design-fu is what makes Django look so nice. He created the design that was used for nearly the first ten years on the Django Project Web site, as well as the current design for Django’s acclaimed admin interface. Wilson was the designer for EveryBlock and Rdio. He now designs for Facebook.

  Wilson lives in San Francisco, USA.

## The current team

These are the folks who have a long history of contributions, a solid track record of being helpful on the mailing lists, and a proven desire to dedicate serious time to Django. In return, they’ve been invited to join the core team.

Luke Plant

  At University Luke studied physics and Materials Science and also met Michael Meeks who introduced him to Linux and Open Source, re-igniting an interest in programming. Since then he has contributed to a number of Open Source projects and worked professionally as a developer.

  Luke has contributed many excellent improvements to Django, including database-level improvements, the CSRF middleware and many unit tests.

  Luke currently works for a church in Bradford, UK, and part-time as a freelance developer.

Russell Keith-Magee

  Russell studied physics as an undergraduate, and studied neural networks for his PhD. His first job was with a startup in the defense industry developing simulation frameworks. Over time, mostly through work with Django, he’s become more involved in Web development.

  Russell has helped with several major aspects of Django, including a couple major internal refactorings, creation of the test system, and more.

  Russell lives in the most isolated capital city in the world — Perth, Australia.

James Bennett

  James is one of Django’s release managers, and also contributes to the documentation and provide the occasional bugfix.

  James came to Web development from philosophy when he discovered that programmers get to argue just as much while collecting much better pay. He lives in Lawrence, Kansas and previously worked at World Online; currently, he’s part of the Web development team at Mozilla.

  He keeps a blog, and enjoys fine port and talking to his car.

Justin Bronn

  Justin Bronn is a computer scientist and attorney specializing in legal topics related to intellectual property and spatial law.

  In 2007, Justin began developing `django.contrib.gis` in a branch, a.k.a. GeoDjango, which was merged in time for Django 1.0. While implementing GeoDjango, Justin obtained a deep knowledge of Django’s internals including the ORM, the admin, and Oracle support.

  Justin lives in San Francisco, CA.

Karen Tracey

  Karen has a background in distributed operating systems (graduate school), communications software (industry) and crossword puzzle construction (freelance). The last of these brought her to Django, in late 2006, when she set out to put a Web front-end on her crossword puzzle database. That done, she stuck around in the community answering questions, debugging problems, etc. – because coding puzzles are as much fun as word puzzles.

  Karen lives in Apex, NC, USA.

Jannis Leidel

  Jannis graduated in media design from Bauhaus-University Weimar, is the author of a number of pluggable Django apps and likes to contribute to Open Source projects like virtualenv and pip.

  He has worked on Django’s auth, admin and staticfiles apps as well as the form, core, internationalization and test systems. He currently works at Mozilla.

  Jannis lives in Berlin, Germany.

Andrew Godwin

  Andrew is a freelance Python developer and tinkerer, and has been developing against Django since 2007. He graduated from Oxford University with a degree in Computer Science, and has become most well known in the Django community for his work on South, the schema migrations library.

  Andrew lives in London, UK.

Carl Meyer

  Carl has been working with Django since 2007 (long enough to remember queryset-refactor, but not magic-removal), and works as a freelance developer with OddBird. He became a Django contributor by accident, because fixing bugs is more interesting than working around them.

  Carl lives in Rapid City, SD, USA.

Ramiro Morales

  Ramiro has been reading Django source code and submitting patches since mid-2006 after researching for a Python Web tool with matching awesomeness and being pointed to it by an old ninja.

  A software developer in the electronic transactions industry, he is a living proof of the fact that anyone with enough enthusiasm can contribute to Django, learning a lot and having fun in the process.

  Ramiro lives in Córdoba, Argentina.

Chris Beaven

  Chris has been submitting patches and suggesting crazy ideas for Django since early 2006. An advocate for community involvement and a long-term triager, he is still often found answering questions in the #django IRC channel.

  Chris lives in Napier, New Zealand (adding to the pool of Oceanic core developers). He works remotely as a developer for Lincoln Loop.

Honza Král

  Honza first discovered Django in 2006 and started using it right away, first for school and personal projects and later in his full-time job. He contributed various patches and fixes mostly to the newforms library, newforms admin and, through participation in the Google Summer of Code project, assisted in creating the model validation functionality.

  He is currently working for Whiskey Media in San Francisco developing awesome sites running on pure Django.

Tim Graham

  When exploring Web frameworks for an independent study project in the fall of 2008, Tim discovered Django and was lured to it by the documentation. He enjoys contributing to the docs because they’re awesome.

  Tim works as a software engineer and lives in Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Idan Gazit

  As a self-professed design geek, Idan was initially attracted to Django sometime between magic-removal and queryset-refactor. Formally trained as a software engineer, Idan straddles the worlds of design and code, jack of two trades and master of none. He is passionate about usability and finding novel ways to extract meaning from data, and is a longtime photographer.

  Idan previously accepted freelance work under the Pixane imprint, but now splits his days between his startup, Skills, and beautifying all things Django and Python.

Paul McMillan
  Paul found Django in 2008 while looking for a more structured approach to web programming. He stuck around after figuring out that the developers of Django had already invented many of the wheels he needed. His passion for breaking (and then fixing) things led to his current role working to maintain and improve the security of Django.
Julien Phalip
  Julien has a background in software engineering and human-computer interaction. As a Web developer, he enjoys tinkering with the backend as much as designing and coding user interfaces. Julien discovered Django in 2007 while doing his PhD in Computing Sciences. Since then he has contributed patches to various components of the framework, in particular the admin. Julien was a co-founder of the Interaction Consortium. He now works at Odopod, a digital agency based in San Francisco, CA, USA.
Aymeric Augustin

  Aymeric is an engineer with a background in mathematics and computer science. He chose Django because he believes that software should be simple, explicit and tested. His perfectionist tendencies quickly led him to triage tickets and contribute patches.

  Aymeric has a pragmatic approach to software engineering, can’t live without a continuous integration server, and likes proving that Django is a good choice for enterprise software.

  He’s the CTO of Oscaro, an e-commerce company based in Paris, France.

Claude Paroz

  Claude is a former teacher who fell in love with free software at the beginning of the 21st century. He’s now working as freelancer in Web development in his native Switzerland. He has found in Django a perfect match for his needs of a stable, clean, documented and well-maintained Web framework.

  He’s also helping the GNOME Translation Project as maintainer of the Django-based l10n.gnome.org.

Anssi Kääriäinen

  Anssi works as a developer at Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare. He is also a computer science student at Aalto University. In his work he uses Django for developing internal business applications and sees Django as a great match for that use case.

  Anssi is interested in developing the object relational mapper (ORM) and all related features. He’s also a fan of benchmarking and he tries keep Django as fast as possible.

Florian Apolloner

  Florian is currently studying Physics at the Graz University of Technology. Soon after he started using Django he joined the Ubuntuusers webteam to work on Inyoka, the software powering the whole Ubuntuusers site.

  For the time being he lives in Graz, Austria (not Australia ;)).

Jeremy Dunck

  Jeremy was rescued from corporate IT drudgery by Free Software and, in part, Django. Many of Jeremy’s interests center around access to information.

  Jeremy was the lead developer of Pegasus News, one of the first uses of Django outside World Online, and has since joined Votizen, a startup intent on reducing the influence of money in politics.

  He serves as DSF Secretary, organizes and helps organize sprints, cares about the health and equity of the Django community. He has gone an embarrassingly long time without a working blog.

  Jeremy lives in Mountain View, CA, USA.

Bryan Veloso

  Bryan found Django 0.96 through a fellow designer who was evangelizing its use. It was his first foray outside of the land that was PHP-based templating. Although he has only ever used Django for personal projects, it is the very reason he considers himself a designer/developer hybrid and is working to further design within the Django community.

  Bryan works as a designer at GitHub by day, and masquerades as a vlogger and shoutcaster in the after-hours. Bryan lives in Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Preston Holmes

  Preston is a recovering neuroscientist who originally discovered Django as part of a sweeping move to Python from a grab bag of half a dozen languages. He was drawn to Django’s balance of practical batteries included philosophy, care and thought in code design, and strong open source community. Currently working for Amazon Web Services, he is always looking for opportunities to volunteer for community oriented education projects, such as for kids and scientists (e.g. Software Carpentry).

  Preston lives with his family and animal menagerie in Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Simon Charette

  Simon is a mathematics student who discovered Django while searching for a replacement framework to an in-house PHP entity. Since that faithful day Django has been a big part of his life. So far, he’s been involved in some ORM and forms API fixes.

  Apart from contributing to multiple open source projects he spends most of his spare-time playing Ultimate Frisbee and working part-time at this awesome place called Reptiletech.

  Simon lives in Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Donald Stufft

  Donald found Python and Django in 2007 while trying to find a language, and web framework that he really enjoyed using after many years of PHP. He fell in love with the beauty of Python and the way Django made tasks simple and easy. His contributions to Django focus primarily on ensuring that it is and remains a secure web framework.

  Donald currently works at Nebula Inc as a Software Engineer for their security team and lives in the Greater Philadelphia Area.

Marc Tamlyn

  Marc started life on the web using Django 1.2 back in 2010, and has never looked back. He was involved with rewriting the class-based view documentation at DjangoCon EU 2012, and also helped to develop CCBV, an additional class-based view reference tool.

  Marc is currently a full-time parent, part-time developer, and lives in Oxford, UK.

Shai Berger

  Shai started working with Python back in 1998, and with Django just before 1.0. He is a Free Software enthusiast, but life happens, and he was driven by consulting gigs to contribute to the Oracle and SQL Server backends of South, and then the Oracle backend of Django itself. Finally, he joined core to help maintain the Oracle backend.

  Shai works for Platonix, a small consulting company he started with a few friends in 1996, and lives near Tel Aviv, Israel.

Baptiste Mispelon

  Baptiste discovered Django around the 1.2 version and promptly switched away from his homegrown PHP framework. He started getting more involved in the project after attending DjangoCon EU 2012, mostly by triaging tickets and submitting small patches.

  Baptiste currently lives in Budapest, Hungary and works for M2BPO, a small French company providing services to architects.

Daniele Procida

  Daniele unexpectedly became a Django developer on 29th April 2009. Since then he has relied daily on Django’s documentation, which has been a constant companion to him. More recently he has been able to contribute back to the project by helping improve the documentation itself.

  He is the author of Arkestra and Don’t be afraid to commit. He lives in Cardiff, Wales, and works for Divio.

Erik Romijn

  Erik started using Django in the days of 1.2. His largest contribution to Django was `GenericIPAddressField`, and he has worked on all sorts of patches since. While developing with Django, he always keeps a little list of even the slightest Django frustrations, to tackle them at a later time and prevent other developers from having to deal with the same issues.

  Erik is an independent app maker, mostly developing web and mobile apps, as Solid Links. He also enjoys helping ordinary developers to build safer web apps, for which Django is already a great start, and developed Erik’s Pony Checkup with that goal in mind. Erik lives in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Loïc Bistuer

  Loïc studied telecommunications engineering and works as an independent software developer and consultant.

  He discovered Django in 2008 shortly before the 1.0 release and has been hooked ever since. He contributes mostly to Django’s ORM and Form components. His main contributions include advanced query prefetching, streamlining QuerySet and Manager to improve query reusability, and a significant refactor of forms error handling.

  Loïc is originally from the South of France and currently lives in Bangkok, Thailand.

Michael Manfre

  Michael started running Django on Windows against a Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) database in 2008. He quickly became the maintainer of the django-mssql 3rd party database backend. Much of his involvement with Django relates to the ORM, the private 3rd party database API, and using Django on Windows.

  Michael lives in Cary, NC, USA.

Collin Anderson

  Collin found Django in November 2006. He was in awe of the admin and ORM and was amazed that the documentation was teaching him best web practices like redirecting after a successful POST request. Why had he never learned this before? No one knows to this day.

  He enjoys helping people on the django-users mailing list and making Django simple and easy for newcomers.

  Collin lives in South Bend, IN, USA where he uses Django to increase unity.

Tom Christie

  Tom has background in speech recognition, networking, and web development. He has a particular interest in Web API design and is the original author of Django REST framework.

  Tom lives in the seaside city of Brighton, UK.

Curtis Maloney

  Curtis is a self-taught programmer from Melbourne, Australia, who eschews specialization. Upon finding Django when it was first open sourced, he realized it was possible to enjoy web development.

  He spends a lot of time helping people on the #django IRC channel, and has authored and released a number of smaller django apps.

Markus Holtermann

  Markus is a Master of Science student in Computer Science at Technical University of Berlin. He started working with Django in 2010 when he joined the ubuntuusers.de web team to work on Inyoka. Markus made his first contribution to the Django project during DjangoCon Europe 2013 in Warsaw. He was the web team leader for the EuroPython 2014 website.

  Markus lives in Berlin, Germany.

Josh Smeaton

  Josh was given the opportunity to work on a new Django app around version 1.1 after working with a homegrown PHP reporting framework. The simplicity of the ORM and the power of the Admin were extremely liberating.

  Still being involved with custom reporting applications, he decided to try his hand at improving the ORM support for analytics. His contributions focus on giving more power to users of the ORM.

  Josh lives in Melbourne, Australia where he heads up development for a SaaS telecommunications company.

## Past team members

Georg “Hugo” Bauer
  Georg created Django’s internationalization system, managed i18n contributions and made a ton of excellent tweaks, feature additions and bug fixes.
Robert Wittams
  Robert was responsible for the first refactoring of Django’s admin application to allow for easier reuse and has made a ton of excellent tweaks, feature additions and bug fixes.
Alex Gaynor

  Alex was involved in many parts of Django, he contributed to the ORM, forms, admin, amongst others; he is most known for his work on multiple-database support in Django.

  Alex lives in San Francisco, CA, USA.

Simon Meers

  Simon discovered Django 0.96 during his Computer Science PhD research and has been developing with it full-time ever since. His core code contributions are mostly in Django’s admin application.

  Simon works as a freelance developer based in Wollongong, Australia.

Gabriel Hurley

  Gabriel has been working with Django since 2008, shortly after the 1.0 release. Convinced by his business partner that Python and Django were the right direction for the company, he couldn’t have been more happy with the decision. His contributions range across many areas in Django, but years of copy-editing and an eye for detail lead him to be particularly at home while working on Django’s documentation.

  Gabriel works as a developer in the SF Bay Area, CA, USA.

Malcolm Tredinnick

  Malcolm originally wanted to be a mathematician and somehow ended up a software developer. He contributed to many Open Source projects, served on the board of the GNOME foundation, and was a great chess player.

  Malcolm was deeply involved in many part of Django - most notably, the ORM, but many other internals bear his fingerprints. Django’s support for unicode and autoescaping in templates can both be almost entirely attributed to Malcolm.

  He was an International Man of Mystery and lived in Sydney, Australia.

  Malcolm passed away on March 17, 2013.

Matt Boersma
  Matt helped with Django’s Oracle support.
Ian Kelly
  Ian also helped with Oracle support.
Joseph Kocherhans

  Joseph was the director of lead development at EveryBlock and previously developed at the Lawrence Journal-World. He often disappears for several days into the woods, attempts to teach himself computational linguistics, and annoys his neighbors with his Charango playing.

  Joseph’s first contribution to Django was a series of improvements to the authorization system leading up to support for pluggable authorization. Since then, he’s worked on the new forms system, its use in the admin, and many other smaller improvements.

  Joseph lives in Chicago, USA.

Gary Wilson

  Gary starting contributing patches to Django in 2006 while developing Web applications for The University of Texas (UT). Since, he has made contributions to the email and forms systems, as well as many other improvements and code cleanups throughout the code base.

  Gary lives in Austin, Texas, USA.

Brian Rosner

  Brian enjoys learning more about programming languages and system architectures and contributing to open source projects.

  He helped immensely in getting Django’s “newforms-admin” branch finished in time for Django 1.0.

  Brian lives in Denver, Colorado, USA.

James Tauber

  James is the lead developer of Pinax and the CEO and founder of Eldarion. He has been doing open source software since 1993, Python since 1998 and Django since 2006. He serves on the board of the Python Software Foundation and is currently on a leave of absence from a PhD in linguistics.

  James currently lives in Boston, MA, USA but originally hails from Perth, Western Australia where he attended the same high school as Russell Keith-Magee.