YochaiBenkler

thesis that property and markets are the roots of all growth and productivity.

the conceptual nuance required to acknowledge its importance ran against the grain of the increasingly dominant

Despite the continued importance of nonproprietary production in information as a practical matter,

that can be captured and that drive innovation, without need for proprietary strategies of appropriation.

is in most industries not based on proprietary claims of exclusion, but on improved efficiencies and customer relations

Perhaps most surprisingly, even industrial research and development, while market oriented,

Political and theological discourses are thoroughly based in nonmarket forms and motivations.

social-psychological motivations rather than market appropriation.

The arts and sciences are replete with voluntarism and actions oriented primarily toward

infused with nonproprietary motivations, social relations, and organizational forms.

The education system, from kindergarten to doctoral programs, is thoroughly

First, the baseline conception that proprietary strategies are dominant in our information production system is overstated.

This book began with four economic observations.

to enforce these conceptions as practiced reality, even when they need not be.

Our institutional frameworks reflect these conceptual models of information production and exchange, and have come, over the past few years,

and starkly separate production from consumption.

and practice of capital-intensive information and cultural production practices that emphasize proprietary, market-based models

Our conceptions of human agency, collective deliberation, and common culture in these societies are embedded in the experience

professional commercial core and a dispersed, relatively passive periphery.

Our theories about how effective communications in complex societies are achieved center on market-based, proprietary models, with a