B
- Bacon, Francis
- Bacon, Roger
- Bakhtin Circle
- Bayle, Pierre
- Beattie, James
- Beauvoir, Simone de
- Beccaria, Cesare
- Behaviorism
- Belief, The Aim of
- Bell Inequalities
- Bentham, Jeremy
- Berkeley, George
- Berlin Circle
- Bhartrihari
- Bhedābheda Vedānta
- Bioethics
- Blaga, Lucian
- Blame and Praise
- Blondel, Maurice
- Bodin, Jean
- Bolingbroke, Henry St. John
- Bolzano: Mathematical Knowledge
- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich
- Bradley, F. H.
- Brain-in-a-Vat Argument
- Buber, Martin
- Buddha
- Buddhism - Madhyamaka
- Buddhism - Pudgalavāda
- Butler, Joseph
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