Temple Scroll
4Q524 – 4Q Tb-
- Site:
- Qumran, Cave 4
- Manuscript Type:
- Non-Biblical Compositions
- Composition Type:
- Parabiblical Texts
- Language:
- Hebrew
- Script:
- Square
- Period:
- Hasmonean
- Material:
- Parchment
- Puech 1998. DJD 25: 85-114.
This is the longest non-biblical composition discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the best-preserved segment is found on one of the longest scrolls discovered (11Q19). Four other manuscripts are ascribed to this composition, although two of them might belong to different compositions with similar themes. The Temple Scroll rephrases the Pentateuch laws, modifying them in the spirit of the legal code of the book of Deuteronomy. Thus, the Temple Scroll seeks to bring into accord several conflicts found in the biblical legal code. It also greatly expands on the ritual laws pertaining to the temple and to the rituals held within it. A significant portion of the text comprises an architectural description of the temple and the surrounding city of Jerusalem. The vast dimensions of both the temple and the city seem unrealistic. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the author did not compose a utopian vision of the end of days, but rather a description of the proper way the temple and its rituals should be conducted during his own lifetime. This is evident from a description of an even greater temple, expected to be built by God at the end of days. Scholars still debate the source of this text, and it is unclear whether the Temple Scroll is a sectarian composition or an earlier composition that was later adopted by the Dead Sea Scrolls community as an authoritative text. The laws mentioned in the Temple Scroll have parallels in distinctively sectarian texts, such as the Damascus Document and the Community Rule, although several differences can nevertheless be pointed out.