html,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}main,article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none}blockquote,q{quotes:none}blockquote:before,blockquote:after,q:before,q:after{content:'';content:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}*,*:before,*:after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.group:after{content:".";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}article .content figure.comparison h3,article .content figure.race-stats h3{width:100%;margin:0 0 .5em;padding:0}article .content figure.comparison h3.white,article .content figure.race-stats h3.white{margin-top:1em}.comparison{-webkit-transform:translateZ(0)}.comparison *{transition:.25s}.comparison>div{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.25}@media screen and (min-width:75em){.comparison>div{font-size:1rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison>div:hover .comparison2:after,.comparison>div:focus .comparison2:after{display:none}.comparison>div:hover img,.comparison>div:focus img{position:relative;opacity:.2}.comparison>div:hover caption,.comparison>div:focus caption{position:relative;bottom:auto}.comparison>div:hover tr,.comparison>div:focus tr{display:block}}.comparison .comparison1,.comparison .comparison2{position:relative;width:49%;float:left;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1em}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison .comparison1,.comparison .comparison2{padding-bottom:2.25em}}.comparison .comparison2{margin-left:2%}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison .comparison2:after{display:block;position:absolute;content:" ";width:2em;height:2em;border-radius:1em;border:1px solid #fff;top:.5em;right:.5em;background-image:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/cursor.min.svg)}}.comparison table{display:block}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison table{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;padding:8%}}.comparison caption,.comparison tbody,.comparison tr,.comparison th,.comparison td{display:block;text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison caption,.comparison tbody,.comparison tr,.comparison th,.comparison td{text-align:left}}.comparison caption,.comparison th,.comparison tr.risk-score{color:#fff}.comparison caption,.comparison tr.risk-score{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em}.comparison caption{text-shadow:1px 1px 0 #000;padding:4%;border-top:1px solid #fff;border-bottom:1px solid #fff}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison caption{position:absolute;bottom:2.75em;padding:0;border:none}}.comparison tr{display:none}.comparison tr.risk-score{display:block;background:#be3b3b;padding:4%}.comparison tr.risk-score .severity{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison tr.risk-score{position:absolute;width:100%;height:2.25em;bottom:0;left:0;padding:0}.comparison tr.risk-score .severity{display:inline}}.comparison tr.risk-score th,.comparison tr.risk-score td{display:inline;border:none}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison tr.risk-score th,.comparison tr.risk-score td{position:absolute;padding:0;margin:0}}.comparison tr.risk-score th:after{content:":"}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison tr.risk-score th{top:.45em;left:8%}.comparison tr.risk-score th:after{content:""}}.comparison tr.risk-score td{font-weight:700}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.comparison tr.risk-score td{font-size:2em;line-height:1;top:.05em;right:8%}}.comparison th{border-top:1px solid #999;margin-top:.5em;padding-top:.5em}.race-stats table{width:100%;line-height:1.25}.race-stats table th,.race-stats table td{color:#222;text-align:right;padding:.5em;border:1px solid #222}.race-stats table th:first-child,.race-stats table td:first-child{text-align:left}.race-stats table th{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;vertical-align:bottom;color:#fff;background:#4d5459}.race-stats table td{background:#fff}.series-promotion .ss-standard:before{margin-right:.25em;color:#be3b3b;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transform:translateY(0.0625em);-moz-transform:translateY(0.0625em);-ms-transform:translateY(0.0625em);-o-transform:translateY(0.0625em);transform:translateY(0.0625em)}.series-promotion #mc_embed_signup{margin:0;padding-top:0;width:100%;margin-left:5%}.series-promotion #mc_embed_signup form{width:100%;margin-left:0}.series-promotion #mc_embed_signup label[for=mce-EMAIL]{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.series-promotion #mc_embed_signup #mce-EMAIL,.series-promotion #mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe{width:100%}}html{font:100%/1.25 "ff-tisa-web-pro",Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif}body{color:#bbb;background:#222}.wrapper{max-width:75em;margin:0 auto}a:link,a:visited{color:#fff}a:hover,a:active{text-decoration:underline}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif}h1{font-size:2.4rem;line-height:1;font-weight:700}h2{font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.25;font-weight:700}p,li{font-size:1.0625em;line-height:1.5em;padding-bottom:1em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){p,li{line-height:1.65em}}em,i{font-style:italic}strong,b{font-weight:700}del,strike{text-decoration:line-through}cite{font-style:italic}li{padding-bottom:.5em}ol{list-style-type:decimal}ul{list-style-type:disc}dd{font-style:italic;color:#bbb;padding-bottom:1em}blockquote{margin:1em 0;font-style:italic}blockquote em,blockquote i,blockquote cite{font-style:normal}figure{margin-bottom:1em}figure.animated .ani-img{display:none}figure.animated .ani-img.active{display:block}figcaption,.caption{color:#e1e1e1;font-size:.875rem;font-style:italic}.caption{margin-bottom:1em}input,textarea{-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0;padding:0}input[type=checkbox]{-webkit-appearance:checkbox}input::-webkit-input-placeholder,textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999}input:-moz-placeholder,textarea:-moz-placeholder{color:#999}input:focus,textarea:focus{outline:none}[placeholder]:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:transparent}.modal-mask{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:999;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.dialog-box{display:block;position:fixed;-webkit-transform:translateY(-500px);-moz-transform:translateY(-500px);-ms-transform:translateY(-500px);-o-transform:translateY(-500px);transform:translateY(-500px);z-index:1000;background-color:#222;background-color:#000;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.dialog-box.on{-webkit-transform:translateY(80px);-moz-transform:translateY(80px);-ms-transform:translateY(80px);-o-transform:translateY(80px);transform:translateY(80px)}.dialog-box .close{float:right;display:block;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;width:19px;height:19px;border-radius:2px;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites.min.svg?468336) -3px -195px no-repeat;-webkit-transition:all .15s ease;-moz-transition:all .15s ease;transition:all .15s ease}.no-svg .dialog-box .close{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/img/nav-sprites.png?468336) 0 -190px no-repeat}.dialog-box .close:hover,.dialog-box .close:focus{background-color:#222}header[role=banner]{position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;height:40px;z-index:1000;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.waypoint-header-exited header[role=banner]{background-color:#222;border-bottom:1px solid #2f2f2f}@media screen and (min-width:64em){.waypoint-header-exited header[role=banner]{background-color:transparent;border-bottom:none}}header[role=banner]>h1{display:block;width:116px;height:55px;float:left;margin-left:.25em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){header[role=banner]>h1{margin-left:.5em}}header[role=banner]>h1 a{display:block;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;height:inherit;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/propublica-logo-light.min.svg?468336) 0 -18px no-repeat}header[role=banner]>h2{display:none;float:left;margin-top:12px;margin-left:10px;padding-top:2px;padding-left:10px;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.8);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){header[role=banner]>h2{display:inline-block}}header[role=banner]>h2 a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.waypoint-header-exited header[role=banner]>h2 a{color:#000}header[role=banner] nav{position:fixed;top:0;right:.5em;font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}header[role=banner] nav ul{list-style:none}header[role=banner] nav ul li{padding-bottom:inherit}header[role=banner] nav ul li a{color:#bbb}header[role=banner] nav .other-links{display:none;position:relative;top:.5rem;margin-right:.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){header[role=banner] nav .other-links{display:inline-block}}header[role=banner] nav .other-links li{display:inline-block}header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:#fff}header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a:hover,header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.waypoint-header-exited header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a{color:#bbb}header[role=banner] nav .social-links{display:inline-block;position:relative;top:.5rem}header[role=banner] nav .social-links li{display:inline-block}header[role=banner] nav .social-links li a{display:block;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;width:26px;text-decoration:none}nav .facebook a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-light.min.svg?468336) -1px 0 no-repeat}nav .twitter a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-light.min.svg?468336) 0 -50px no-repeat}nav .comment a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-light.min.svg?468336) -2px -100px no-repeat}header[role=banner] nav .donate-links{float:right;margin-left:.25rem}header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li{display:inline-block}header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a{display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;padding:.5rem .5rem .3rem;font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;border-radius:0 0 .2rem .2rem;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:link,header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:visited{background-color:#be3b3b}header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:hover,header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:focus,header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:active{background-color:#ab3535}.default article header{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-bottom:1em;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.default article header{margin-bottom:2em}}.default article header figure img,.default article header figure video{width:100%;display:block}.default article header figure .lede-img-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.default article header figure figcaption{display:none;position:relative;z-index:110;float:right;margin:-2em 1em 0;font-size:.75em;color:#ccc;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-shadow:0 1px 1px #000}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.default article header figure figcaption{display:block}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.default article header figure figcaption{position:static;margin-top:.75em;color:#999;text-shadow:none}}.default article header .titles{margin:0 1em;margin-top:1.5em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.default article header .titles{width:82.5%;margin:2em 8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){.default article header .titles{padding-bottom:inherit;margin-top:4em}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.default article header .titles{width:65%;margin:3em 17.5%;margin-top:4em}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){.default article header .titles{width:56.25%;margin:3em 21.875%;margin-top:4em}}.default article header .titles{text-align:center}.default article header .titles h1{font-size:2.5rem;margin-bottom:.125em;color:#fff;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.default article header .titles h1{font-size:4rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75em){.default article header .titles h1{font-size:5rem}}.default article header .titles h2{font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:400;color:#bbb;margin-bottom:.625em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.default article header .titles h2{font-size:1.4rem}}.default article header .titles h2+h3{margin-bottom:1em}.default article header .titles h3{font-size:3em;font-weight:700;color:#bbb}.default article header .titles .byline{font-style:italic;font-size:.875rem;color:#bbb}.default article header .titles .dateline{display:block;margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.875rem;color:#bbb}article .content{margin:0 1em;padding-top:1em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content{border:none;padding-top:0;margin:0}article .content h1,article .content h2,article .content h3,article .content p,article .content ul,article .content ol,article .content dl,article .content pre,article .content embed,article .content object,article .content video,article .content form{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%;border:none;padding-top:0}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content h1,article .content h2,article .content h3,article .content p,article .content ul,article .content ol,article .content dl,article .content pre,article .content embed,article .content object,article .content video,article .content form{width:65%;margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article .content h1,article .content h2,article .content h3,article .content p,article .content ul,article .content ol,article .content dl,article .content pre,article .content embed,article .content object,article .content video,article .content form{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}article .content .partner{text-align:center;margin:0 auto;font-style:italic;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;margin-bottom:1em;color:#959595}article .content .partner img{display:inline-block;height:1.5em;margin-left:.25em;position:relative;top:.25em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content .partner{margin-bottom:2em}}article .content.photos,article .content.audio{margin-top:5em;padding-top:0;border-top:0}article .content.photos p:first-child:first-letter,article .content.audio p:first-child:first-letter{float:none;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-right:inherit}article hr{display:inline-block;border:0;height:1px;background:#484848;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:2em;width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article hr{width:47.5%;margin-left:26.25%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article hr{width:30%;margin-left:35%}}article .content .sharing-tools a{text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:all .25s;-moz-transition:all .25s;transition:all .25s}article .content .sharing-tools.inline{margin-top:1em}article .content .sharing-tools.inline span{margin-right:.25em}article .content .sharing-tools.inline .ss-fb{margin-right:.33em}article .content figure{margin-top:1.25em;margin-bottom:2em}article .content figure img{display:block;width:100%}article .content figure figcaption{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.5em;margin-top:.75em}article .content figure .credit{color:#888}article .content figure.inset{width:47.5%;float:right;margin:.25em 1em 2em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.inset{width:38.75%;margin-right:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.inset{width:30%;margin-right:13.125%}}article .content figure.inset.left{float:left;margin:.6em 1em .6em 0}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.inset.left{margin-left:4.375%;margin-right:1.75em}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.inset.left{margin-left:13.125%}}article .content figure.inset-small{width:47.5%;float:right;margin:.25em 1em 2em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.inset-small{width:30%;margin-right:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.inset-small{width:25.625%;margin-right:17.5%}}article .content figure.inset-medium{width:47.5%;float:right;margin:.25em 1em 2em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.inset-medium{width:38.75%;margin-right:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.inset-medium{width:25.625%;margin-right:17.5%}}article .content figure.inset-small.left{float:left;margin:.6em 1em .6em 0}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.inset-small.left{margin-left:4.375%;margin-right:1.75em}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.inset-small.left{margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.default{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.default{width:65%;margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article .content figure.default{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.medium{width:91.25%;margin-left:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.medium{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article .content figure.medium{width:73.75%;margin-left:13.125%}}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.large{width:91.25%;margin-left:4.375%}}article .content figure.full{width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:-1em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content figure.full figcaption{width:91.25%;margin-left:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content figure.full figcaption{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article .content figure.full figcaption{width:73.75%;margin-left:13.125%}}article .content figure.two-up img+img{margin-top:1em}@media screen and (min-width:50em){article .content figure.two-up img+img{margin-top:0}article .content figure.two-up img{float:left;width:49.5%}article .content figure.two-up img:first-child{margin-right:1%}article .content figure.two-up figcaption{clear:both}}article .content figure.illo figcaption{text-align:right}article .content h2{font-size:1.375rem;font-weight:800;color:#e1e1e1;margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em}article .content h3{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.5rem;color:#ccc;margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}.lead-in{text-transform:uppercase}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .dropcap{float:left;font-size:3em;line-height:1;padding-right:.0625em;padding-bottom:0;position:relative;top:-.0625em}}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content p.opening{font-size:1.375em;line-height:1.5em}}article .quote{position:relative;margin:1.5em 0;border-top:1px solid #cccfd1}article .quote blockquote{margin-left:1.8em;margin-right:2em;padding:.5em 0}article .quote p{width:100%;margin-left:0;padding-bottom:.5em;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:50em){article .quote p{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}article .quote p:first-child:first-letter{float:none;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-right:inherit}article .quote cite{color:#bbb}article .quote cite:before{content:"—"}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .quote{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){article .quote{float:right;width:43.125%;margin-right:8.75%;margin-left:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .quote{width:34.375%;margin-right:13.125%}}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .quote.left{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){article .quote.left{float:left;width:43.125%;margin-left:8.75%;margin-right:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .quote.left{width:34.375%;margin-left:13.125%}}article .quote.direct blockquote:before{content:'“';color:#666;font-size:4rem;position:absolute;top:.5rem;left:.125rem}article blockquote.inline,article .content ul{padding-left:3em;padding-right:2em;color:#ccc}article blockquote.inline p,article .content ul p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}article blockquote.inline p:first-child:first-letter,article .content ul p:first-child:first-letter{float:none;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-right:0}article .content ul{color:#bbb;margin-bottom:1em}.promotion{width:47.5%;float:right;margin:.25rem 1rem .5rem;padding:0 .5rem;-webkit-transition:all .25s;-moz-transition:all .25s;transition:all .25s}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion{width:38.75%;margin-right:4.375%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.promotion{width:30%;margin-right:13.125%}}article .content .promotion h3{line-height:1.125;margin-top:.125rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion .group{margin-bottom:1.125em}.promotion .group:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}.promotion .group img{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion .group img{display:block;margin-right:.5em;margin-bottom:1em}}.promotion .group p,.promotion .group h3,.promotion .group h4,.promotion .group img{width:90%;margin-left:5%}.promotion .group p{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5em}.promotion .group p a{text-decoration:none}.promotion .group p a:hover,.promotion .group p a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.promotion.promotion.left{float:left;margin:.6em 1em .6em 0}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion.promotion.left{margin-left:4.375%;margin-right:1.75em}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.promotion.promotion.left{margin-left:13.125%}}.promotion.interactive-callout{width:100%;float:left;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:.75em 0;padding-bottom:2em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion.interactive-callout{width:38.75%;margin-left:8.75%;margin-right:1.75em;padding-bottom:inherit;border-bottom:none}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.promotion.interactive-callout{width:25.625%;margin-left:17.5%}}.promotion.interactive-callout p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;font-style:italic;margin-left:0;width:100%;color:#fff}.promotion.interactive-callout .dek{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.375}article .content .promotion.interactive-callout h3{width:100%;margin:.5em 0 1em;font-size:1.375em;font-weight:700;text-align:left}.promotion.interactive-callout iframe{margin-bottom:1em}.promotion.interactive-callout img{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.promotion.interactive-callout img{display:block;margin-right:.5em;margin-bottom:1em}}.promotion.interactive-callout .hat-tip{font-size:.875rem;font-style:italic;color:#fff}aside.story-callout{background-color:#262626;padding-top:1em;font-style:normal}aside.story-callout .group h3{color:#333;padding-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.25em;font-size:1.125em}aside.story-callout .group img{float:left;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em}aside.story-callout .group a{display:block}article footer{position:relative;z-index:2;width:100%;font-size:.875em;color:#999;font-style:italic;margin:2em auto;text-align:center;padding:0 .625%}article footer img{width:75px;height:75px;float:left;margin-top:.25em;margin-right:10px}article footer p{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-left:0}article .author-bio{width:100%;font-size:.875em;color:#999;font-style:italic;margin:1em auto 2em;padding:0 .625%;text-align:left}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .author-bio{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .author-bio{width:65%;margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){article .author-bio{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}article .author-bio img{width:75px;height:75px;float:left;margin-top:.25em;margin-right:10px}article .author-bio p{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-left:0}article .content .ad{display:none;overflow:hidden}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){article .content .ad{display:block;float:right;margin-top:1rem;margin-right:4.375%;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:1rem}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){article .content .ad{margin-right:13.125%}}article .content .ad>div>div{width:300px;height:250px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}article .content .ad>div{margin-bottom:1rem}article .content .ad>div:before{display:block;color:#bbb;content:"Advertisement";font:12px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;margin-bottom:5px}.charts,.tables{padding:1.5em 0;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.charts h4,.tables h4{margin-bottom:.4em;font-size:1.425rem;font-weight:700}.charts h5,.tables h5{margin-top:.3125em}.charts p,.tables p{margin-bottom:1.25em;color:#666}.content .charts p,.content .tables p{font-size:1rem;margin-left:0;width:100%}figcaption{clear:both}.charts .legend{display:block;margin-top:1rem}#mc_embed_signup{margin:0 1em 3em}@media screen and (min-width:48em){#mc_embed_signup{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){#mc_embed_signup{width:65%;margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){#mc_embed_signup{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}#mc_embed_signup{padding-top:1em}#mc_embed_signup .hidden{display:none}#mc_embed_signup label[for=mce-EMAIL]{display:block;font-size:1rem;font-style:normal;margin-bottom:1.25rem;color:#bbb}#mc_embed_signup #mce-EMAIL,#mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe{display:inline-block;width:100%;margin-bottom:1em;padding:.5rem;border:0;font-size:1rem;text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#mc_embed_signup #mce-EMAIL,#mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe{width:50%}}#mc_embed_signup #mce-EMAIL{font-family:ff-tisa-web-pro,Georgia,Times,times new roman,serif;border:1px solid #fff}#mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:#fff;border-radius:.2rem;background-color:#be3b3b;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}#mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe:hover,#mc_embed_signup #mc-embedded-subscribe:focus{background-color:#ab3535}#mc_embed_signup #mce-repsonses{margin-top:2em}#comments{margin:0 1em;margin-bottom:4em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#comments{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){#comments{width:73.75%;margin-left:13.125%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){#comments{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}#disqus_thread{color:#bbb}footer[role=contentinfo] nav{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;height:40px;z-index:1000;background-color:#222;border-top:1px solid #444}@media screen and (min-width:48em){footer[role=contentinfo] nav{position:inherit;width:inherit;height:inherit;z-index:inherit;background-color:inheirt;border:none}}footer[role=contentinfo] nav{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-size:.875em}@media screen and (min-width:48em){footer[role=contentinfo] nav{display:none}}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav{width:100%;display:inline-block;list-style:none;height:40px}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li{display:inline-block}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li a{display:inline-block;margin-left:.5em;padding-left:.5em;padding-top:.5em;text-decoration:none;color:#bbb;opacity:.75;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li a:hover{opacity:1;text-decoration:underline}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.guide{float:left;margin-left:5%}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.guide a{width:inherit;padding-left:23px;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites.min.svg?468336) 0 -140px no-repeat}.no-svg footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.guide a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites.png?468336) 0 -140px no-repeat}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.toc{float:right;margin-right:15%}footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.toc a{width:inherit;padding-left:23px;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites.min.svg?468336) -2px -237px no-repeat}.no-svg footer[role=contentinfo] nav ul.main-nav li.toc a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites.png?468336) -2px -237px no-repeat}.footer-promos{margin:0 1em;margin-bottom:3em;padding-top:1.5em;border-top:1px solid #444;text-align:left}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.footer-promos{width:82.5%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.footer-promos{width:65%;margin-left:17.5%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){.footer-promos{width:56.25%;margin-left:21.875%}}.footer-promos h3{font-style:italic;font-size:1.5rem}.footer-promos h3 a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.footer-promos h3 a:hover,.footer-promos h3 a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.footer-promos p{color:#959595;text-align:left;font-size:1rem}.footer-promos label{display:none}.footer-promos input{width:100%;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;border:0;background-color:#eee;padding:.5em .25em;margin-bottom:.8em;text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.footer-promos input{width:80%;margin-left:10%}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.footer-promos input{width:100%;margin-left:0}}.footer-promos input[type=submit]{display:block;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;color:#fff;background-color:#333;background-color:#32363b;margin-bottom:1em;padding:.5em;padding-bottom:.75em;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;border-radius:.25em;-webkit-transition:all .15s ease;-moz-transition:all .15s ease;transition:all .15s ease}.footer-promos input[type=submit]:hover,.footer-promos input[type=submit]:focus{background-color:#fff}.footer-promos strong{display:none}.footer-promos input[type=checkbox]{float:left;width:auto;display:inline-block;margin-left:0}.footer-promos input[type=checkbox]+label{display:inline-block}.footer-promos .note{font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}.footer-promos .checkbox-group{margin-bottom:.5em}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){.footer-promos .module{float:left;width:45%;margin-left:5%}.footer-promos .module:first-child{margin-left:0}}.footer-promos .book-club label{display:none}.footer-promos .book-club input{width:100%;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;border:0;background-color:#eee;padding:.5em .25em;margin-bottom:.8em;text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){.footer-promos .book-club input{width:80%;margin-left:10%}}.footer-promos .book-club input[type=submit]{display:block;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;color:#fff;background-color:#333;background-color:#32363b;margin-bottom:1em;padding:.5em;padding-bottom:.75em;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;border-radius:.25em;-webkit-transition:all .15s ease;-moz-transition:all .15s ease;transition:all .15s ease}.footer-promos .book-club input[type=submit]:hover,.footer-promos .book-club input[type=submit]:focus{background-color:#fff}.footer-promos .book-club strong{display:none}.footer-promos .book-club input[type=checkbox]{float:left;width:auto;display:inline-block;margin-left:0}.footer-promos .book-club input[type=checkbox]+label{display:inline-block}.footer-promos .book-club .note{font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}.footer-promos .book-club .checkbox-group{margin-bottom:.5em}@media print{color:black;header[role=banner] nav{display:none}}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]{position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;height:40px;z-index:1000;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.waypoint-header-exited #page-body.methodology header[role=banner]{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e1e1}@media screen and (min-width:64em){.waypoint-header-exited #page-body.methodology header[role=banner]{background-color:transparent;border-bottom:none}}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h1{display:block;width:116px;height:55px;float:left;margin-left:.25em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h1{margin-left:.5em}}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h1 a{display:block;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;height:inherit;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/propublica-logo-dark.min.svg?468336) 0 -18px no-repeat}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h2{display:none;float:left;margin-top:12px;margin-left:10px;padding-top:2px;padding-left:10px;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.8);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h2{display:inline-block}}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h2 a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.waypoint-header-exited #page-body.methodology header[role=banner]>h2 a{color:#000}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav{position:fixed;top:0;right:.5em;font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav ul{list-style:none}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav ul li{padding-bottom:inherit}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav ul li a{color:#bbb}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links{display:none;position:relative;top:.5rem;margin-right:.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links{display:inline-block}}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links li{display:inline-block}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a{display:block;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:#fff}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a:hover,#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.waypoint-header-exited #page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .other-links li a{color:#bbb}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .social-links{display:inline-block;position:relative;top:.5rem}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .social-links li{display:inline-block}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .social-links li a{display:block;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;width:26px;text-decoration:none}#page-body.methodology nav .facebook a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-dark.min.svg?468336) -1px 0 no-repeat}#page-body.methodology nav .twitter a{background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-dark.min.svg?468336) 0 -50px no-repeat}#page-body.methodology nav .comment a{display:none;background:url(/National_Library/20160526010038oe_/https://static.propublica.org/projects/algorithmic-bias/assets/img/nav-sprites-dark.min.svg?468336) -2px -100px no-repeat}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links{float:right;margin-left:.25rem}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li{display:inline-block}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a{display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;padding:.5rem .5rem .3rem;font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;border-radius:0 0 .2rem .2rem;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;-moz-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:link,#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:visited{background-color:#be3b3b}#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:hover,#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:focus,#page-body.methodology header[role=banner] nav .donate-links li a:active{background-color:#ab3535}#page-body.methodology article header{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:1em;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:48em){#page-body.methodology article header{margin-bottom:2em}}#page-body.methodology article header figure img,#page-body.methodology article header figure video{width:100%;display:block}#page-body.methodology article header figure .lede-img-wrapper{overflow:hidden}#page-body.methodology article header figure figcaption{display:none;position:relative;z-index:110;float:right;margin:-2em 1em 0;font-size:.75em;color:#ccc;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-shadow:0 1px 1px #000}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology article header figure figcaption{display:block}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){#page-body.methodology article header figure figcaption{position:static;margin-top:.75em;color:#999;text-shadow:none}}#page-body.methodology article header .titles{margin:0 1em;margin-top:1.5em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles{width:82.5%;margin:2em 8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:48em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles{padding-bottom:inherit;margin-top:4em}}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles{width:65%;margin:3em 17.5%;margin-top:4em}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles{width:56.25%;margin:3em 21.875%;margin-top:4em}}#page-body.methodology article header .titles{text-align:center}#page-body.methodology article header .titles h1{font-size:2rem;margin-bottom:.125em;color:#333}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles h1{font-size:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles h1{font-size:4rem}}#page-body.methodology article header .titles h2{font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:400;color:#333;margin-bottom:.625em}@media screen and (min-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology article header .titles h2{font-size:1.4rem}}#page-body.methodology article header .titles h2+h3{margin-bottom:1em}#page-body.methodology article header .titles h3{font-size:3em;font-weight:700;color:#333}#page-body.methodology article header .titles .byline{font-style:italic;font-size:.875rem;color:#333}#page-body.methodology article header .titles .dateline{display:block;margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.875rem;color:#333}#page-body.methodology{background-color:#fff;color:#333}#page-body.methodology article a{color:#249ddc}#page-body.methodology .titles *{color:#333}#page-body.methodology .titles h2{display:none}#page-body.methodology h2{color:#444}#page-body.methodology .content ul{color:#333}#page-body.methodology table{font-family:jaf-bernina-sans-condensed,trebuchet ms,Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;width:100%}#page-body.methodology table td{padding:5px}#page-body.methodology table.regression td:nth-child(2){text-align:right}#page-body.methodology table tbody,#page-body.methodology table tfoot{border-top:1px solid #ddd}#page-body.methodology .page{page-break-after:always}@media screen and (min-width:56.25em){#page-body.methodology figure.default{width:86.875%;margin-left:8.75%}}@media screen and (min-width:64em){#page-body.methodology figure.default{width:86.875%;margin-left:8.75%}}#page-body.methodology .lede-img-wrapper{display:none}#page-body.methodology figcaption{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology figure.inset.left{width:100%}}@media screen and (min-width:0) and (max-width:37.5em){#page-body.methodology figure.default.wide{width:100%;overflow:scroll}}