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President Eisenhower Signs NASA into Existence
Although NASA is best known for 60 years of engineering and scientific achievements, it originally came into being as a matter of national security. After the Soviets flew the first two Sputniks in 1957 and Sputnik 3 in 1958, the U.S. government saw space as important new political, if not military, battlefield and began to lay the course for a long-term space plan.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/signing/
“It was almost as if a bomb had fallen” on Capitol Hill, Congressional staffer Eilene Galloway said in a 2000 oral history interview, “because we were so surprised that the Soviet Union was first. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had space projects in the International Geophysical Year, but our project was very small. It was a satellite that weighed a little more than three pounds, and the Soviet satellite [weighed 184 pounds and] really opened up outer space as the new environment, added to land, sea and air.”
Scientists pushed President Eisenhower to make any new agency charged with overseeing space exploration a civilian agency, fearing military control would mean research only into military priorities
Congressional hearings on the matter, chaired by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX), began in November 1957 and continued for six weeks. Johnson asked Galloway, a defense analyst with the Legislative Reference Service, to summarize the Congressional testimony. Her report, titled “The Problems of Congress in Formulating Outer Space Legislation,” recommended several options including creation of a new civilian agency to lead America’s space efforts.
On April 2, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent a draft law to Congress that called for a civilian National Aeronautics and Space Agency, based on the existing National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), to oversee the US space program. Twelve days later both the Senate and the House introduced versions of a bill to establish such an organization, with hearings beginning the next day. Galloway successfully lobbied to designate the new organization an Administration rather than an Agency to give it broader authority to coordinate with many other government agencies.
The House bill passed on June 2 and the Senate version on June 16. Senator Johnson chaired a bipartisan panel to produce a joint version of the bill, and met with the President following the July 4th holiday to resolve the remaining issues. Congress passed the final version of the bill, the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. The bill established eight objectives for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):
The expansion of human knowledge of phenomena in the atmosphere and space;
The improvement of the usefulness, performance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical and space vehicles; Tea
The development and operation of vehicles capable of carrying instruments, equipment, supplies, and living organisms through space;
The establishment of long-range studies of the potential benefits to be gained from, the opportunities for, and the problems involved in the utilization of aeronautical and space activities for peaceful and scientific purposes;
The preservation of the role of the United States as a leader in aeronautical and space science and technology and in the application thereof to the conduct of peaceful activities within and outside the atmosphere;
The making available to agencies directly concerned with national defense of discoveries that have military value or significance, and the furnishing by such agencies, to the civilian agency established to direct and control nonmilitary aeronautical and space activities, of information as to discoveries which have value or significance to that agency;
Cooperation by the United States with other nations and groups of nations in work done pursuant to this Act and in the peaceful application of the results thereof;
The most effective utilization of the scientific and engineering resources of the United States, with close cooperation among all interested agencies of the United States in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort, facilities and equipment
Although the Act has been amended over the years, these eight objectives still describe the major functions of NASA today.
On Aug. 8, President Eisenhower nominated T. Keith Glennan, President of Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, Ohio, and Hugh L. Dryden, Director of the NACA, to be NASA Administrator and Deputy Administrator, respectively. The Senate confirmed them a week later and they were sworn in at the White House on Aug. 19. NASA officially opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with its Headquarters at first occupying temporary office space at the Dolley Madison House in Washington, DC.
NASA's 60th Anniversary (1958-2018)
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
Although NASA is best known for 60 years of engineering and scientific achievements, it originally came into being as a matter of national security. After the Soviets flew the first two Sputniks in 1957 and Sputnik 3 in 1958, the U.S. government saw space as important new political, if not military, battlefield and began to lay the course for a long-term space plan.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/signing/
“It was almost as if a bomb had fallen” on Capitol Hill, Congressional staffer Eilene Galloway said in a 2000 oral history interview, “because we were so surprised that the Soviet Union was first. Both the United States and the Soviet Union had space projects in the International Geophysical Year, but our project was very small. It was a satellite that weighed a little more than three pounds, and the Soviet satellite [weighed 184 pounds and] really opened up outer space as the new environment, added to land, sea and air.”
Scientists pushed President Eisenhower to make any new agency charged with overseeing space exploration a civilian agency, fearing military control would mean research only into military priorities
Congressional hearings on the matter, chaired by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX), began in November 1957 and continued for six weeks. Johnson asked Galloway, a defense analyst with the Legislative Reference Service, to summarize the Congressional testimony. Her report, titled “The Problems of Congress in Formulating Outer Space Legislation,” recommended several options including creation of a new civilian agency to lead America’s space efforts.
On April 2, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent a draft law to Congress that called for a civilian National Aeronautics and Space Agency, based on the existing National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), to oversee the US space program. Twelve days later both the Senate and the House introduced versions of a bill to establish such an organization, with hearings beginning the next day. Galloway successfully lobbied to designate the new organization an Administration rather than an Agency to give it broader authority to coordinate with many other government agencies.
The House bill passed on June 2 and the Senate version on June 16. Senator Johnson chaired a bipartisan panel to produce a joint version of the bill, and met with the President following the July 4th holiday to resolve the remaining issues. Congress passed the final version of the bill, the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. The bill established eight objectives for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):
The expansion of human knowledge of phenomena in the atmosphere and space;
The improvement of the usefulness, performance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical and space vehicles; Tea
The development and operation of vehicles capable of carrying instruments, equipment, supplies, and living organisms through space;
The establishment of long-range studies of the potential benefits to be gained from, the opportunities for, and the problems involved in the utilization of aeronautical and space activities for peaceful and scientific purposes;
The preservation of the role of the United States as a leader in aeronautical and space science and technology and in the application thereof to the conduct of peaceful activities within and outside the atmosphere;
The making available to agencies directly concerned with national defense of discoveries that have military value or significance, and the furnishing by such agencies, to the civilian agency established to direct and control nonmilitary aeronautical and space activities, of information as to discoveries which have value or significance to that agency;
Cooperation by the United States with other nations and groups of nations in work done pursuant to this Act and in the peaceful application of the results thereof;
The most effective utilization of the scientific and engineering resources of the United States, with close cooperation among all interested agencies of the United States in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort, facilities and equipment
Although the Act has been amended over the years, these eight objectives still describe the major functions of NASA today.
On Aug. 8, President Eisenhower nominated T. Keith Glennan, President of Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, Ohio, and Hugh L. Dryden, Director of the NACA, to be NASA Administrator and Deputy Administrator, respectively. The Senate confirmed them a week later and they were sworn in at the White House on Aug. 19. NASA officially opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with its Headquarters at first occupying temporary office space at the Dolley Madison House in Washington, DC.
NASA's 60th Anniversary (1958-2018)
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
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60 Years NASA 👍
NASA's 60th Anniversary (1958-2018)
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
From 2018 through 2022, NASA is marking a series of important milestones—the 60th anniversary of the agency’s founding by Congress in 1958, and the 50th anniversary of the Apollo missions that put a dozen Americans on the Moon between July 1969 and December 1972.
Celebrations already are under way. Some are complete, some are scheduled in the coming months, and some are still being planned.
July 29, 2018 marked 60 years since President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA as a U.S. government agency by signing Public Law 58-568, the National Aeronautics and Space Act. The act consolidated several federal and military research organizations, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, under one agency.
The new agency was given responsibility to plan, direct and conduct U.S. civil aeronautics and space activities and share the results of those activities as widely as practicable. NASA opened for business about two months later, on Oct. 1, 1958—the date NASA observes as its birthday.
NASA kicked off its 60th anniversary Jan. 31 by remembering the 1958 launch of the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. An experiment on the satellite discovered belts of charged particles trapped in space by Earth’s magnetic field, now known as the Van Allen Belts.
The celebrations continued June 1-2 with "Space, the Next Frontier," a tribute to NASA by the National Symphony Orchestra Pops at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington. The center is named for President John F. Kennedy, who had not only a vision for cultural advancement, but also a vision for technological advancement in the form of landing Americans on the Moon. Kennedy’s legacy to the space program is highlighted along with six decades of NASA achievements in an exhibition at the Kennedy Center’s Hall of Nations May 27-June 3.
The public will be invited to celebrate with the agency in September and October. Special activities are being planned at several NASA visitor centers and other locations across the United States. Details will be announced as they become available.
NASA’s celebration of all things Apollo will begin Oct. 11, the 50th anniversary of the launch of Apollo 7, the first of the missions to carry a crew into space. On this day, at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, the U.S. Mint will unveil the design for an Apollo 11 commemorative coin that will go on sale in January 2019.
In December, NASA will join the National Air and Space Museum in recalling the 50th anniversary of the flight of Apollo 8, whose crew of three spent Christmas 1968 in orbit around the Moon.
The focus will turn to Apollo 11 in July 2019. Celebrations are planned in Washington and at NASA centers that were crucial to the success of the Apollo Program. On July 19, NASA TV will broadcast live from the refurbished Apollo Mission Operations Control Room at NASA’s Johnson Space Center and several other locations with Apollo connections coast to coast.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
From 2018 through 2022, NASA is marking a series of important milestones—the 60th anniversary of the agency’s founding by Congress in 1958, and the 50th anniversary of the Apollo missions that put a dozen Americans on the Moon between July 1969 and December 1972.
Celebrations already are under way. Some are complete, some are scheduled in the coming months, and some are still being planned.
July 29, 2018 marked 60 years since President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA as a U.S. government agency by signing Public Law 58-568, the National Aeronautics and Space Act. The act consolidated several federal and military research organizations, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, under one agency.
The new agency was given responsibility to plan, direct and conduct U.S. civil aeronautics and space activities and share the results of those activities as widely as practicable. NASA opened for business about two months later, on Oct. 1, 1958—the date NASA observes as its birthday.
NASA kicked off its 60th anniversary Jan. 31 by remembering the 1958 launch of the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. An experiment on the satellite discovered belts of charged particles trapped in space by Earth’s magnetic field, now known as the Van Allen Belts.
The celebrations continued June 1-2 with "Space, the Next Frontier," a tribute to NASA by the National Symphony Orchestra Pops at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington. The center is named for President John F. Kennedy, who had not only a vision for cultural advancement, but also a vision for technological advancement in the form of landing Americans on the Moon. Kennedy’s legacy to the space program is highlighted along with six decades of NASA achievements in an exhibition at the Kennedy Center’s Hall of Nations May 27-June 3.
The public will be invited to celebrate with the agency in September and October. Special activities are being planned at several NASA visitor centers and other locations across the United States. Details will be announced as they become available.
NASA’s celebration of all things Apollo will begin Oct. 11, the 50th anniversary of the launch of Apollo 7, the first of the missions to carry a crew into space. On this day, at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, the U.S. Mint will unveil the design for an Apollo 11 commemorative coin that will go on sale in January 2019.
In December, NASA will join the National Air and Space Museum in recalling the 50th anniversary of the flight of Apollo 8, whose crew of three spent Christmas 1968 in orbit around the Moon.
The focus will turn to Apollo 11 in July 2019. Celebrations are planned in Washington and at NASA centers that were crucial to the success of the Apollo Program. On July 19, NASA TV will broadcast live from the refurbished Apollo Mission Operations Control Room at NASA’s Johnson Space Center and several other locations with Apollo connections coast to coast.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
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When Planes Became Spacecraft: X-15
The NACA Becomes NASA
NASA 60 Years & Counting (1958-2018)
Image: X-15 pilot and future NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong stands beside one of the planes.
Though the X-planes became a formative part of the space program, their development was rooted in engineers’ efforts to simply make airplanes go faster. Researchers had learned by the 1930s that planes driven by piston engines and propellers ultimately ran into performance problems at about 350 mph, and data was already showing there would be additional problems at even higher speeds.
The X-1 program resolved enough of those problems to allow Chuck Yeager to fly faster than sound in 1947, and researchers turned to possibilities of “hypersonic” flight, Mach 5 or higher. In the mid-1950s, those efforts became the X-15 program, led by the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), NASA’s predecessor agency, in partnership with the U.S. Air Force and Navy.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/x-15/
As it did so many other things, the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik changed how the X-15 was viewed. With no U.S. satellite launch on the horizon, Americans focused on the new vehicle. It made its public debut on Oct. 15, 1958. (Ironically without its managing organization; two weeks earlier, NACA had become NASA.)
As Harrison “Stormy” Storms of North American Aviation, the X-15’s builder, said, “The rollout of the X-15 marks the beginning of man’s most advanced assault on space. This will be one of the most dramatic, as in the X-15 we have all of the elements and most of the problems of a true space vehicle.”
Ultimately, the X-15 flew 199 times, and on Oct. 3, 1967, U.S. Air Force pilot Pete Knight set a speed record of Mach 6.7. But as important as the records was everything that NACA, and later NASA, researchers learned about operating craft at high speeds and altitudes. Roger Bilstein summarized the achievements this way in “Testing Aircraft, Exploring Space:”
"The fallout was far-reaching in numerous crucial areas . . . The X-15’s survival encouraged extensive use of comparatively exotic alloys, such as titanium and Inconel-X, which led to machining and production techniques that became standard in the aerospace industry. . . . (T)he chance of accidental loss of pressurization . . . prompted development of the first practical full-pressure suit for pilot protection in space. The X-15 was the first to use reaction controls for attitude control in space; re-entry techniques and related technology also contributed to the space program, and even earth science experiments were carried out by the X-15 in some of its flights."
The X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 feet and at a speed of about 500 mph. After dropping from the B-52, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 seconds of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing.
Taking over the X-15 program produced more than technical knowledge, though. “Although NACA in essence bootstrapped air force and navy funds for the X-15,” Bilstein wrote, “it was very much a NACA idea and design from start to finish. In many ways, the X-15 program signaled a shift to the research, development and management functions that characterized the NASA organization soon to come.”
The X-15 and other X-planes are more than a historical legacy for NASA. The program is the core of NASA’s New Aviation Horizons, an array of new experimental aircraft that will carry on the legacy of demonstrating advanced technologies to push back the frontiers of aviation. Goals include showcasing how airliners can burn half the fuel and generate 75 percent less pollution during each flight as compared to now, while also being much quieter than today’s jets —perhaps even when flying supersonic.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #X15 #Hypersonic #Flight #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
The NACA Becomes NASA
NASA 60 Years & Counting (1958-2018)
Image: X-15 pilot and future NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong stands beside one of the planes.
Though the X-planes became a formative part of the space program, their development was rooted in engineers’ efforts to simply make airplanes go faster. Researchers had learned by the 1930s that planes driven by piston engines and propellers ultimately ran into performance problems at about 350 mph, and data was already showing there would be additional problems at even higher speeds.
The X-1 program resolved enough of those problems to allow Chuck Yeager to fly faster than sound in 1947, and researchers turned to possibilities of “hypersonic” flight, Mach 5 or higher. In the mid-1950s, those efforts became the X-15 program, led by the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), NASA’s predecessor agency, in partnership with the U.S. Air Force and Navy.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/x-15/
As it did so many other things, the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik changed how the X-15 was viewed. With no U.S. satellite launch on the horizon, Americans focused on the new vehicle. It made its public debut on Oct. 15, 1958. (Ironically without its managing organization; two weeks earlier, NACA had become NASA.)
As Harrison “Stormy” Storms of North American Aviation, the X-15’s builder, said, “The rollout of the X-15 marks the beginning of man’s most advanced assault on space. This will be one of the most dramatic, as in the X-15 we have all of the elements and most of the problems of a true space vehicle.”
Ultimately, the X-15 flew 199 times, and on Oct. 3, 1967, U.S. Air Force pilot Pete Knight set a speed record of Mach 6.7. But as important as the records was everything that NACA, and later NASA, researchers learned about operating craft at high speeds and altitudes. Roger Bilstein summarized the achievements this way in “Testing Aircraft, Exploring Space:”
"The fallout was far-reaching in numerous crucial areas . . . The X-15’s survival encouraged extensive use of comparatively exotic alloys, such as titanium and Inconel-X, which led to machining and production techniques that became standard in the aerospace industry. . . . (T)he chance of accidental loss of pressurization . . . prompted development of the first practical full-pressure suit for pilot protection in space. The X-15 was the first to use reaction controls for attitude control in space; re-entry techniques and related technology also contributed to the space program, and even earth science experiments were carried out by the X-15 in some of its flights."
The X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 feet and at a speed of about 500 mph. After dropping from the B-52, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 seconds of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing.
Taking over the X-15 program produced more than technical knowledge, though. “Although NACA in essence bootstrapped air force and navy funds for the X-15,” Bilstein wrote, “it was very much a NACA idea and design from start to finish. In many ways, the X-15 program signaled a shift to the research, development and management functions that characterized the NASA organization soon to come.”
The X-15 and other X-planes are more than a historical legacy for NASA. The program is the core of NASA’s New Aviation Horizons, an array of new experimental aircraft that will carry on the legacy of demonstrating advanced technologies to push back the frontiers of aviation. Goals include showcasing how airliners can burn half the fuel and generate 75 percent less pollution during each flight as compared to now, while also being much quieter than today’s jets —perhaps even when flying supersonic.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #X15 #Hypersonic #Flight #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA 60 Years & Counting: X-15
nasa.gov
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Sputnik: Dawn of the Space Age
History changed on Oct. 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball, about 23 inches diameter and weighing less than 190 pounds. It took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the Space Age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. space race.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/sputnik/
Like the Soviet Union, the United States was planning to launch a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year. Caught off-guard, the American public felt echoes of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor less than 16 years before. Americans feared that the Soviets—whom they believed were behind the U.S. technologically after the devastation of World War II—could launch ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons at the United States.
Sputnik’s launch led the U.S. government to focus and consolidate space exploration programs in different agencies, and on Jan. 31, 1958, the Army launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, later named after principal investigator James Van Allen. That summer, Congress and President Eisenhower created NASA, which came into being Oct. 1.
Sputnik’s launch created a rivalry that lasted decades and sent Americans to the moon, but which ultimately gave way to cooperation and collaboration. Sixty years later, Americans and Russians work alongside each other and astronauts from many other countries aboard the International Space Station.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
+Yuri's Night
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #SpaceAge #Sputnik #Спутник #Russia #Россия #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
History changed on Oct. 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball, about 23 inches diameter and weighing less than 190 pounds. It took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the Space Age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. space race.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60th/sputnik/
Like the Soviet Union, the United States was planning to launch a satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year. Caught off-guard, the American public felt echoes of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor less than 16 years before. Americans feared that the Soviets—whom they believed were behind the U.S. technologically after the devastation of World War II—could launch ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons at the United States.
Sputnik’s launch led the U.S. government to focus and consolidate space exploration programs in different agencies, and on Jan. 31, 1958, the Army launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, later named after principal investigator James Van Allen. That summer, Congress and President Eisenhower created NASA, which came into being Oct. 1.
Sputnik’s launch created a rivalry that lasted decades and sent Americans to the moon, but which ultimately gave way to cooperation and collaboration. Sixty years later, Americans and Russians work alongside each other and astronauts from many other countries aboard the International Space Station.
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
+Yuri's Night
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #SpaceAge #Sputnik #Спутник #Russia #Россия #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA 60 Years & Counting
nasa.gov
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60 Moments in NASA History (1958-2018)
In six decades, NASA has had too many achievements to easily catalog on one web page. Listed here are 60 of the most important that have laid the groundwork for the agency’s current programs and future endeavors:
https://www.nasa.gov/specials/timeline/index.html
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
In six decades, NASA has had too many achievements to easily catalog on one web page. Listed here are 60 of the most important that have laid the groundwork for the agency’s current programs and future endeavors:
https://www.nasa.gov/specials/timeline/index.html
NASA's 60th Anniversary
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Credit: NASA/Friends of NASA (FoN)
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education
NASA: 60 Moments in NASA History
nasa.gov
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NASA 60th: How It All Began (1958-2018)
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. NASA opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with T. Keith Glennan as our first administrator. Our history tells a story of exploration, innovation and discoveries. The next 60 years, that story continues.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Video Credit: NASA
Article Credit: Friends of NASA (FoN)
Duration: 5 minutes, 45 seconds
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education #HD #Video
Friends of NASA Celebrates its 10th Anniversary (2008-2018)
Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, on July 16 and President Eisenhower signed it into law on July 29, 1958. NASA opened for business on Oct. 1, 1958, with T. Keith Glennan as our first administrator. Our history tells a story of exploration, innovation and discoveries. The next 60 years, that story continues.
Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/60
Friends of NASA: http://www.friendsofnasa.org
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
Friends of NASA is an independent non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to building international support for peaceful space exploration, commerce, scientific discovery and STEM education.
We rely on public donations for support.
Video Credit: NASA
Article Credit: Friends of NASA (FoN)
Duration: 5 minutes, 45 seconds
Release Date: July 29, 2018
+NASA
+Friends of NASA
#NASA #Space #Science #Earth #Moon #Mars #SolarSystem #Astronomy #History #NASA60 #Anniversary #President #Eisenhower #Government #UnitedStates #Civilian #Agency #Research #Exploration #Aerospace #Aeronautics #Aviation #Astronauts #JourneyToMars #FriendsOfNASA #FoN10 #STEM #Education #HD #Video
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MoonLight is a clean, modern and unique designed WordPress theme perfect for your Startup, Landing Pages, Corporate Sites, Business Sites, Agency Sites, Portfolio and much more. MoonLight will make your website look more impressive and attractive to the viewers. Powerful theme options & customization facilities allow you to modify every element on your website to fit it according to your own needs, and the built-in beautiful demo templates are just a few clicks away. MoonLight is Fully Responsive! Strongly focuses on the smartphone and tablet experience.
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