HTML5

HTML5 je současný stav standardu definujícího značkovací jazyk HTML. HTML5 lze vyložit dvěma způsoby, a to jako:

Novou verzi jazyka HTML s novými <prvky>, atributy a vlastnostmi.
Množinu nástrojů umožňující vznik sofistikovaných Webových stránek a aplikací.

Vytvořena s ohledem na Webové vývojáře, tato referenční stránka odkazuje na zdroje informací o technologii HTML5, rozřazených do následujících skupin:

Sémantika: umožňuje správně popsat obsah Webových stránek.
Konektivita: nabízí nové způsoby, jak se pomocí HTML5 připojit k serveru.
Režim offline a lokální úložiště: umožňuje Webovým stránkám jak ukládání dat na straně klienta, tak i efektivnější práci v režimu offline.
Multimédia: umožňuje orientaci na audio a video
3D, Grafika a efekty: rozšiřují nové možnosti v oblasti Webové prezentace.
Výkon a integrace : zajistí větší rychlost a efektivnější využití hardwaru.
Přístup k zařízení: umožní nové způsoby komunikace s uživatelem
Stylování: nové nástroje pro tvůrce obsahu.

SÉMANTIKA

Sekce a hlavní rysy HTML5: Přehled nových prvků HTML5 orientovaných na sémantiku: <section>, <article>, <nav>, <header>, <footer>, <aside> and <hgroup>.
Audio a video v HTML5: <audio> a <video>. Tyto prvky umožňují vložení a manipulaci s multimediálním obsahem.
Formuláře v HTML5: Přehled všech vylepšení webových formulářu v HTML5: nové validační API, nové atributy, nové hodnoty pro <input> a nový prvek <output>.
Nové sémantické prvky: Kromě článků, médií a prvků formulářů, existují řady nových prvků, jako jsou <mark>, <figure>, <figcaption>, <data>, <time>, <output>, <progress>, nebo <meter>, ke zvětšení množství platných HTML5 prvků.
Zlepšení <iframe>: Použitím sandbox, seamless, a srcdoc vlastností, mohou nyní autoři přesněji určit úroveň zabezpečení a vykreslení <iframe> prvku.
MathML: Umožňuje přímé vložení matematických vzorců.
Úvod do HTML5: Tento článek uvádí do problematiky používání HTML5 ve vašem webovém designu nebo webové aplikaci.
HTML5-compliant parser: The parser, which turns the bytes of an HTML document into a DOM, has been extended and now precisely defines the behavior to use in all cases, even when faced with invalid HTML. This leads to far greater predictability and interoperability between HTML5-compliant browsers.

PŘIPOJENÍ

Web Sockety: Umožňuje vytvořit trvalé připojení mezi stránkou a serverem a skrze to vyměňovat různé typy dat. To znamená i jiná data kromě HTML.
Server-odeslané akce: Allows a server to push events to client, rather than the classical paradigm where the server could send data only in response to a client's request.
WebRTC: This technology, where RTC stands for Real-Time Communication, allow to connect to other people and control videoconferencing directly in the browser, without the need for a plugin or an external application.

Offline & storage

Offline resources: the application cache: Firefox fully supports the HTML5 offline resource specification. Most others have offline resource support at some level.
Online and offline events: Firefox 3 supports WHATWG online and offline events, which let applications and extensions detect whether or not there's an active Internet connection, as well as to detect when the connection goes up and down.
WHATWG client-side session and persistent storage (aka DOM Storage): Client-side session and persistent storage allows web applications to store structured data on the client side.
IndexedDB: Is a web standard for the storage of significant amounts of structured data in the browser and for high performance searches on this data using indexes.
Using files from web applications: Support for the new HTML5 File API has been added to Gecko, making it possible for web applications to access local files selected by the user. This includes support for selecting multiple files using the <input> of type file HTML element's new multiple attribute. There also is FileReader.

Multimedia

Používání HTML5 audio a video: Vložené prvky <audio> a <video> umožňují manipulaci s novým multimediálním obsahem.
WebRTC: This technology, where RTC stands for Real-Time Communication, allow to connect to other people and control videoconferencing directly in the browser, without the need for a plugin or an external application.
Používání Camera API: Umožňuje použití, manipulaci a uložení snímku z kamery v počítači.
Track and WebVTT: The <track> element allows subtitles and chapters. WebVTT is a text track format.

3D, graphics & effects

Canvas Tutorial: Learn about the new <canvas> element and how to draw graphs and other objects in Firefox
HTML5 text API for <canvas> elements: The HTML5 text API is now supported by <canvas> elements.
WebGL: WebGL brings 3D graphics to the Web by introducing an API that closely conforms to OpenGL ES 2.0 that can be used in HTML5 <canvas> elements.
SVG: An XML-based format of vectorial images that can directly be embdedded in the HTML.

Performance & integration

Web Workers: Allows to delegate JavaScript evaluation to background threads, allowing these activities to prevent slowing down interactive events.
XMLHttpRequest Level 2: Allows to fetch asynchronously some parts of the page, allowing it to be display dynamic content, varying according the time and user actions. This is the technology behind Ajax.
JIT-compiling JavaScript engines: The new generation of JavaScript engines are much more powerful , leading to greater performance.
History API: Allows the manipulation of the browser history. This is especially useful for pages loading interactively new information.
The contentEditable attribute: transform your website to a wiki!: HTML5 has standardized the contentEditable attribute. Learn more about this feature.
Drag and drop: The HTML5 drag and drop API allows support for dragging and dropping items within and between web sites. This also provides a simpler API for use by extensions and Mozilla-based applications.
Focus management in HTML: The new HTML5 activeElement and hasFocus attributes are supported.
Web-based protocol handlers: You can now register web applications as protocol handlers using the navigator.registerProtocolHandler() method.
requestAnimationFrame: Allows to control animations rendering to obtain optimal performance.
Fullscreen API: Controls the usage of the whole screen for a Web page or application, without the browser UI displayed.
Pointer Lock API: Allows to lock the pointer to the content, so games and similar application don't lose the focus when the pointer reaches the window limit.
Online and offline events: In order to build a good offline-capable web application, you need to know when your application is actually offline. Incidentally, you also need to know when your application has returned to an online status again.

Device access

Using the Camera API: Allows to use, manipulate and store an image from the computer's camera.
Touch events: Handlers to react to events created by a user pressing touch screens.
Použití geolokace: Nechte prohlížeče lokalizovat polohu uživatele pomocí geolokace.
Detecting device orientation: Let get the information when the device on which runs the browser change orientation. This can be used as an input device (e.g. to make games that react to the position of the device) or to adapt the layout of a page to the orientation of the screen (portrait or landscape).
Pointer Lock API: Allows to lock the pointer to the content, so games and similar application don't lose the focus when the pointer reaches the window limit.

Styling

CSS has been extended to be able to style elements in a much more complex way. This is often referred as CSS3, though CSS is not a monolithic specification anymore and the different modules are not all at level 3: some are at level 1 and some at level 4, with all the intermediate levels covered.

New background styling features: It is now possible to put a shadow to a box, using box-shadow and multiple backgrounds can be set.
More fancy borders: Not only it is now possible to use images to style borders, using border-image and its associated longhand properties, but rounded borders are supported via the border-radius property.
Animating your style: Using CSS Transitions to animate between different states or using CSS Animations to animate parts of the page without a trigerring event, you can now control mobile elements on your page.
Typography improvement: Authors have better control to reach better typography. They can control text-overflow and hyphenation, but also can a shadow to it or control more precisely its decorations. Custom typefaces can be downloaded and applied thanks to the new @font-face at-rule.
New presentational layouts: In order to improve the flexibility of designs, two new layouts have been added: the CSS multi-column layout, and the CSS flexible box layout.